Citation:

j.epsl.2012.06.007

Name: (Table S1) Boron isotope and trace element data and reconstructed carbonate system parameters, ODP Holes 122-761B and 154-926A
Published: 2012
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

The middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (17-15 Ma; MCO) is a period of global warmth and relatively high CO2 and is thought to be associated with a significant retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). We present here a new planktic foraminiferal d11B record from 16.6 to 11.8 Ma from two deep ocean sites currently in equilibrium with the atmosphere with respect to CO2. These new data demonstrate that the evolution of global climate during the middle Miocene (as reflected by changes in the cyrosphere) was well correlated to variations in the concentration of atmospheric CO2. What is more, within our sampling resolution (~1 sample per 300 kyr) there is no evidence of hysteresis in the response of ice volume to CO2 forcing during the middle Miocene, contrary to what is understood about the Antarctic Ice Sheet from ice sheet modelling studies. In agreement with previous data, we show that absolute levels of CO2 during the MCO were relatively modest (350-400 ppm) and levels either side of the MCO are similar or lower than the pre-industrial (200-260 ppm). These new data imply the presence of either a very dynamic AIS at relatively low CO2 during the middle Miocene or the advance and retreat of significant northern hemisphere ice. Recent drilling on the Antarctic margin and shore based studies indicate significant retreat and advance beyond the modern limits of the AIS did occur during the middle Miocene, but the complete loss of the AIS was unlikely. Consequently, it seems that ice volume and climate variations during the middle Miocene probably involved a more dynamic AIS than the modern but also some component of land-based ice in the northern hemisphere.

Further details:

Horita, Juske; Zimmermann, Heide; Holland, Heinrich D (2002): Chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66(21), 3733-3756, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00884-5

Project(s):

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -6.508950 * Median Longitude: 36.313450 * South-bound Latitude: -16.737000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.908100 * North-bound Latitude: 3.719100 * East-bound Longitude: 115.535000

Date/Time Start: 1988-07-19T10:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1994-02-21T10:30:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 37.3 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 290.8 m

Event(s):

122-761B * Latitude: -16.737000 * Longitude: 115.535000 * Date/Time Start: 1988-07-19T10:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1988-07-21T09:00:00 * Elevation: -2179.0 m * Penetration: 286.7 m * Recovery: 199.08 m * Location: South Indian Ridge, South Indian Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 33 cores; 286.7 m cored; 0 m drilled; 69.4 % recovery

154-926A * Latitude: 3.719100 * Longitude: -42.908100 * Date/Time Start: 1994-02-19T11:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1994-02-21T10:30:00 * Elevation: -3610.0 m * Penetration: 327 m * Recovery: 334.92 m * Location: South Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 35 cores; 327 m cored; 0 m drilled; 102.4 % recovery

Comment:

Sediment depth is given in mcd. Carbonate system parameters calculated using d11B(seawater) = 37.82 per mil and ALK(surface) = 1292 mmol/kg and ALK(deep) = 1392 mmol/kg. All carbonate system calculations were carried out accounting for the effect of changing [Ca] and [Mg] on K1, K2 and Ksp.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Sample code/label	Sample label		Foster, Gavin L	DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation
3	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
4	AGE	Age	ka BP			Geocode
5	Species	Species		Foster, Gavin L
6	Globigerinoides sacculifer, Magnesium/Calcium ratio	G. sacculifer Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Foster, Gavin L	ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Element 2
7	Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Magnesium/Calcium ratio	C. wuellerstorfi Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Foster, Gavin L	ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Element 2
8	Cibicidoides mundulus, Magnesium/Calcium ratio	C. mundulus Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Foster, Gavin L	ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Element 2
9	δ11B	δ11B	‰ SRM	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	#1
10	Standard error	Std e	±	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	d11B 2 se, #1
11	Boron	B	mg/kg	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	#1
12	δ11B	δ11B	‰ SRM	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	#2
13	Standard error	Std e	±	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	d11B 2 se, #2
14	Boron	B	mg/kg	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	#2
15	δ11B	δ11B	‰ SRM	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	average of two repeat measurements
16	δ11B, standard deviation	δ11B std dev	±	Foster, Gavin L	MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific NEPTUN	2 sd of average of two repeat measurements
17	Temperature, calculated	T cal	°C	Foster, Gavin L	Calculated	from Mg/Ca using equations and the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater from Horita et al. (2002)
18	pH	pH		Foster, Gavin L	Calculated	total scale
19	Error	Error		Foster, Gavin L	Calculated	uncertainty due to measurement uncertainty on d11B determination
20	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Foster, Gavin L	Calculated
21	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Foster, Gavin L	Calculated	summed uncertainty due to ± 200 mmol/kg total alkalinity and ± uncertainty in d11B, for pCO2 this also includes an uncertainty due to temperature
22	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	ppmv	Foster, Gavin L	Calculated
23	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Foster, Gavin L	Calculated	+ 2 sigma
24	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Foster, Gavin L	Calculated	- 2 sigma

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

342 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Sample label (DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation)	3 Depth sed [m]	4 Age [ka BP]	5 Species	6 G. sacculifer Mg/Ca [mmol/mol] (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scienti...)	7 C. wuellerstorfi Mg/Ca [mmol/mol] (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scienti...)	8 C. mundulus Mg/Ca [mmol/mol] (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scienti...)	9 δ11B [‰ SRM] (#1, MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher ...)	10 Std e [±] (d11B 2 se, #1, MC-ICP-MS, The...)	11 B [mg/kg] (#1, MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher ...)	12 δ11B [‰ SRM] (#2, MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher ...)	13 Std e [±] (d11B 2 se, #2, MC-ICP-MS, The...)	14 B [mg/kg] (#2, MC-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher ...)	15 δ11B [‰ SRM] (average of two repeat measure...)	16 δ11B std dev [±] (2 sd of average of two repeat...)	17 T cal [°C] (from Mg/Ca using equations an...)	18 pH (total scale, Calculated)	19 Error (uncertainty due to measuremen...)	20 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	21 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (summed uncertainty due to ± 2...)	22 pCO2 [ppmv] (Calculated)	23 pCO2 std dev [±] (+ 2 sigma, Calculated)	24 pCO2 std dev [±] (- 2 sigma, Calculated)
122-761B	122-761B-5H-4,13-15	37.3	12280	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	3.89			17.14	0.12	0.029	17.15	0.12	0.032	17.14	0.23	30.0	8.09	0.02	140	27	190	36	36
122-761B	122-761B-5H-4,123-125	38.4	12720	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.00			16.50	0.08	0.050	16.73	0.07	0.055	16.62	0.23	30.4	8.03	0.02	129	24	223	42	41
122-761B	122-761B-5H-5,103-105	39.7	13250	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.06			16.32	0.17	0.018	16.33	0.15	0.020	16.33	0.26	30.5	8.00	0.03	123	23	244	47	46
122-761B	122-761B-5H-6,8-10	40.3	13480	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.12			16.30	0.22	0.016	16.42	0.16	0.018	16.36	0.27	30.7	8.00	0.03	123	23	243	47	46
122-761B	122-761B-5H-6,68-70	40.9	13720	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.20			16.42	0.20	0.015	16.43	0.18	0.016	16.43	0.27	30.9	8.01	0.03	125	24	240	46	45
122-761B	122-761B-5H-6,98-100	41.2	13830	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.44			16.26	0.22	0.014	16.25	0.18	0.015	16.25	0.28	31.5	7.98	0.03	122	23	257	50	49
122-761B	122-761B-5H-7,38-40	42.1	14170	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.30			16.22	0.29	0.009	15.95	0.24	0.011	16.09	0.32	31.2	7.97	0.03	118	22	268	54	52
122-761B	122-761B-5H-cc,23-25	42.5	14310	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.01			15.85	0.21	0.016	16.07	0.17	0.018	15.96	0.27	30.4	7.96	0.03	114	21	272	52	51
122-761B	122-761B-6H-1,133-135	43.5	14800	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.17			14.91	0.37	0.008	15.18	0.29	0.008	15.04	0.37	30.8	7.85	0.05	95	17	374	82	76
122-761B	122-761B-6H-2,63-65	44.3	15040	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	3.94			15.05	0.34	0.007	15.62	0.28	0.007	15.34	0.40	30.2	7.89	0.05	101	19	332	75	69
122-761B	122-761B-6H-3,103-105	46.2	15560	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.69			15.75	0.26	0.011	15.93	0.26	0.013	15.84	0.29	32.1	7.93	0.03	113	21	298	59	57
122-761B	122-761B-6H-4,68-70	47.4	15870	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.59			14.63	0.40	0.006	15.37	0.40	0.007	15.00	0.41	31.9	7.83	0.05	95	18	392	92	84
122-761B	122-761B-6H-5,93-95	49.1	16380	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.19			16.47	0.22	0.018	16.81	0.19	0.020	16.64	0.26	30.9	8.03	0.03	130	25	225	43	42
122-761B	122-761B-5H-4,123-125	38.4	12720	Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (>250 mm)		2.01		13.18	0.26	0.010	13.37	0.22	0.011	13.28	0.27	8.1	7.80	0.05	49	9	390	71	66
122-761B	122-761B-5H-4,123-125	38.4	12720	Cibicidoides mundulus (>250 mm)			2.12	12.93	0.09	0.030	13.09	0.09	0.032	13.01	0.23	8.5	7.75	0.04	45	8	446	78	73
154-926A	154-926A-26H-5,30-32	238.3	11800	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	3.39			16.02	0.09	0.026	16.16	0.11	0.028	16.09	0.23	28.5	8.00	0.02	118	20	247	46	46
154-926A	154-926A-29H-5,31-33	266.8	13600	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	3.77			16.32	0.08	0.041	16.51	0.06	0.045	16.42	0.23	29.7	8.02	0.02	127	21	232	43	43
154-926A	154-926A-32H-2,30-32	290.8	14940	Globigerinoides sacculifer (300-355 mm)	4.05			15.18	0.08	0.036	15.31	0.08	0.039	15.24	0.23	30.5	7.88	0.03	101	17	346	65	63