Citation:

j.1365-2486.2012.02668.x

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica shell dissolution during experiments, 2012
Published: 2012-04-24
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina antarctica; Mollusca; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Anthropogenic ocean acidification is likely to have negative effects on marine calcifying organisms, such as shelled pteropods, by promoting dissolution of aragonite shells. Study of shell dissolution requires an accurate and sensitive method for assessing shell damage. Shell dissolution was induced through incubations in CO2 enriched seawater for between 4 and 14 days. We describe a procedure that allows the level of dissolution to be assessed and classified into three main types: Type I with partial dissolution of the prismatic layer; Type II with exposure of underlying crossed-lamellar layer, and Type III, where crossed-lamellar layer shows signs of dissolution. Levels of dissolution showed a good correspondence to the incubation conditions, with the most severe damage found in specimens held for 14 d in undersaturated condition (Ohm ~ 0.8). This methodology enables the response of small pelagic calcifiers to acidified conditions to be detected at an early stage, thus making pteropods a valuable bioindicator of future ocean acidification.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina antarctica; Mollusca; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species; Zooplankton

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Bednaršek, Nina
2	Time, incubation	T incubation	day	Bednaršek, Nina
3	Species	Species		Bednaršek, Nina
4	Salinity	Sal		Bednaršek, Nina
5	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Bednaršek, Nina
6	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Bednaršek, Nina
7	Silicate	SILCAT	µmol/kg	Bednaršek, Nina
8	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Bednaršek, Nina	Titration potentiometric
9	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
10	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Bednaršek, Nina	Coulometric titration
11	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
12	pH	pH		Bednaršek, Nina	Calculated using CO2SYS	Total scale
13	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
14	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Bednaršek, Nina	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
16	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Bednaršek, Nina	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
18	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Bednaršek, Nina	Calculated using CO2SYS
19	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
20	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Bednaršek, Nina	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
22	Individuals, non-dissolving	non-diss	%	Bednaršek, Nina	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
23	Individuals, non-dissolving, standard-deviation	non-diss std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina
24	Dissolution rate	Diss rate	%	Bednaršek, Nina	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	Type I, see reference
25	Dissolution rate, standard deviation	Diss rate std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina		Type I, see reference
26	Dissolution rate	Diss rate	%	Bednaršek, Nina	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	Type II, see reference
27	Dissolution rate, standard deviation	Diss rate std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina		Type II, see reference
28	Dissolution rate	Diss rate	%	Bednaršek, Nina	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	Type III, see reference
29	Dissolution rate, standard deviation	Diss rate std dev	±	Bednaršek, Nina		Type III, see reference
30	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
32	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

188 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 T incubation [day]	3 Species	4 Sal	5 Temp [°C]	6 PHSPHT [µmol/kg]	7 SILCAT [µmol/kg]	8 AT [µmol/kg] (Titration potentiometric)	9 AT std dev [±]	10 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration)	11 DIC std dev [±]	12 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	13 pH std dev [±]	14 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 pCO2 std dev [±]	16 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 [HCO3]- std dev [±]	18 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	19 [CO3]2- std dev [±]	20 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 Omega Arg std dev [±]	22 non-diss [%] (Scanning electron microscope ...)	23 non-diss std dev [±]	24 Diss rate [%] (Type I, see reference, Scanni...)	25 Diss rate std dev [±] (Type I, see reference)	26 Diss rate [%] (Type II, see reference, Scann...)	27 Diss rate std dev [±] (Type II, see reference)	28 Diss rate [%] (Type III, see reference, Scan...)	29 Diss rate std dev [±] (Type III, see reference)	30 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	32 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Natural control		Limacina helicina antarctica	33.86	3	1.33	12.5	2290.6	3.7	2123.0	61.9	8.13	0.13	318	111	1983.1	91.9	121.6	39.6	1.82	0.60	0.997	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	15	8.13	17.58	311.55	310.25	1984.21	121.21	1.83	2.91
Supersaturation	8	Limacina helicina antarctica	33.83	4	1.71	8.0	2360.3	3.4	2211.5	12.7	8.07	0.03	387	24	2077.8	16.6	112.7	5.4	1.70	0.08	0.430	0.080	0.560	0.060	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	15	8.06	21.08	388.87	387.27	2078.12	112.30	1.70	2.70
Transitional state		Limacina helicina antarctica	33.83	4	1.80	12.5	2316.8	1.3	2245.0	14.9	7.83	0.05	690	75	2144.7	17.1	67.9	6.3	1.03	0.09	0.040	0.150	0.800	0.150	0.15	0.10	0.01	0.03	15	7.84	35.81	660.59	657.87	2139.14	70.05	1.06	1.68
Undersaturation	4	Limacina helicina antarctica	33.82	4	1.15	10.1	2323.1	8.9	2295.5	5.4	7.70	0.01	940	27	2192.7	5.0	51.6	1.8	0.78	0.03	0.150	0.120	0.550	0.090	0.26	0.06	0.04	0.03	15	7.70	51.21	944.75	940.87	2192.83	51.46	0.78	1.24
Undersaturation	14	Limacina helicina antarctica	33.83	4	1.80	12.5	2330.3	6.4	2298.3	0.0	7.73	0.01	883	12	2191.0	4.4	54.8	0.9	0.83	0.02	0.130	0.050	0.310	0.120	0.25	0.07	0.31	0.06	15	7.71	49.81	918.84	915.07	2195.45	53.05	0.80	1.27