Citation:

pnas.1107789108

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and benthic marine community during experiments, 2011
Published: 2011
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Mediterranean Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is predicted to impact all areas of the oceans and affect a diversity of marine organisms. However, the diversity of responses among species prevents clear predictions about the impact of acidification at the ecosystem level. Here, we used shallow water CO2 vents in the Mediterranean Sea as a model system to examine emergent ecosystem responses to ocean acidification in rocky reef communities. We assessed in situ benthic invertebrate communities in three distinct pH zones (ambient, low, and extreme low), which differed in both the mean and variability of seawater pH along a continuous gradient. We found fewer taxa, reduced taxonomic evenness, and lower biomass in the extreme low pH zones. However, the number of individuals did not differ among pH zones, suggesting that there is density compensation through population blooms of small acidification-tolerant taxa. Furthermore, the trophic structure of the invertebrate community shifted to fewer trophic groups and dominance by generalists in extreme low pH, suggesting that there may be a simplification of food webs with ocean acidification. Despite high variation in individual species' responses, our findings indicate that ocean acidification decreases the diversity, biomass, and trophic complexity of benthic marine communities. These results suggest that a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function is expected under extreme acidification scenarios.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Mediterranean Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Kroeker, Kristy J
2	Site	Site		Kroeker, Kristy J
3	Salinity	Sal		Kroeker, Kristy J	Guildline autosal salinometer
4	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
5	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Kroeker, Kristy J	Honeywell Durafet pH sensors
6	Temperature, standard deviation	T std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
7	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Kroeker, Kristy J	Potentiometric open-cell titration
8	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
9	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Kroeker, Kristy J	Calculated using seacarb
10	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
11	pH	pH		Kroeker, Kristy J	Honeywell Durafet pH sensors	Total scale
12	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Kroeker, Kristy J	Calculated using seacarb
14	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
15	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Kroeker, Kristy J	Calculated using seacarb
16	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
17	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Kroeker, Kristy J	Calculated using seacarb
18	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
19	Sample ID	Sample ID		Kroeker, Kristy J
20	Amphipoda	Amphipoda	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
21	Gastropoda	Gastropoda	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
22	Isopoda	Isopoda	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
23	Polychaeta	Polychaeta	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
24	Decapoda	Decapoda	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
25	Sipuncula	Sipuncula	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
26	Tanaidacea	Tanaidacea	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
27	Bivalvia	Bivalvia	#/m²	Kroeker, Kristy J
28	Amphipoda	Amphipoda	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
29	Gastropoda	Gastropoda	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
30	Isopoda	Isopoda	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
31	Polychaeta	Polychaeta	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
32	Decapoda	Decapoda	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
33	Sipuncula	Sipuncula	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
34	Tanaidacea	Tanaidacea	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
35	Bivalvia	Bivalvia	#	Kroeker, Kristy J
36	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1056 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 Site	3 Sal (Guildline autosal salinometer)	4 Sal std dev [±]	5 Temp [°C] (Honeywell Durafet pH sensors)	6 T std dev [±]	7 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric open-cell titr...)	8 AT std dev [±]	9 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb)	10 DIC std dev [±]	11 pH (Total scale, Honeywell Durafe...)	12 pH std dev [±]	13 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb)	14 pCO2 std dev [±]	15 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb)	16 Omega Arg std dev [±]	17 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb)	18 Omega Cal std dev [±]	19 Sample ID	20 Amphipoda [#/m²]	21 Gastropoda [#/m²]	22 Isopoda [#/m²]	23 Polychaeta [#/m²]	24 Decapoda [#/m²]	25 Sipuncula [#/m²]	26 Tanaidacea [#/m²]	27 Bivalvia [#/m²]	28 Amphipoda [#]	29 Gastropoda [#]	30 Isopoda [#]	31 Polychaeta [#]	32 Decapoda [#]	33 Sipuncula [#]	34 Tanaidacea [#]	35 Bivalvia [#]	36 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Ambient	North	37.900	0.3	23.400	0.70	2563.0	3.0	1768.0	96.00	7.95	0.060	567.000	100.000	3.13	0.350	4.75	0.530	N2C	750	250.000	125	5775	125.000	25.000	800	100	12	13	14	14	13	13	12	12	8	16.54	569.49	567.66	2073.84	200.98	2291.36	3.10	4.71
Ambient	North	37.900	0.3	23.400	0.70	2563.0	3.0	1768.0	96.00	7.95	0.060	567.000	100.000	3.13	0.350	4.75	0.530	N2D	2375	350.000	1100	8850	350.000	50.000	1475	175	13	14	15	15	14	14	14	13	8	16.54	569.49	567.66	2073.84	200.98	2291.36	3.10	4.71
Ambient	North	37.900	0.3	23.400	0.70	2563.0	3.0	1768.0	96.00	7.95	0.060	567.000	100.000	3.13	0.350	4.75	0.530	N1A	1200	175.000	525	12450	600.000	125.000	1225	75	10	11	11	12	11	11	11	11	8	16.54	569.49	567.66	2073.84	200.98	2291.36	3.10	4.71
Ambient	North	37.900	0.3	23.400	0.70	2563.0	3.0	1768.0	96.00	7.95	0.060	567.000	100.000	3.13	0.350	4.75	0.530	N1B	1175	150.000	300	3050	700.000	75.000	925	75	9	9	9	10	9	9	9	9	8	16.54	569.49	567.66	2073.84	200.98	2291.36	3.10	4.71
Ambient	South	37.600	0.3	19.600	1.50	2563.0	2.0	2281.0	73.00	8.06	0.090	440.000	192.000	3.33	0.440	5.11	0.670	S1A	2400	900.000	75	3800	200.000	225.000	1925	375	11	12	12	13	13	13	12	12	8	13.62	423.00	421.57	2029.71	218.52	2261.85	3.33	5.12
Ambient	South	37.600	0.3	19.600	1.50	2563.0	2.0	2281.0	73.00	8.06	0.090	440.000	192.000	3.33	0.440	5.11	0.670	S1B	3000	425.000	600	7475	575.000	375.000	2150	550	13	14	15	16	15	15	14	14	8	13.62	423.00	421.57	2029.71	218.52	2261.85	3.33	5.12
Ambient	South	37.600	0.3	19.600	1.50	2563.0	2.0	2281.0	73.00	8.06	0.090	440.000	192.000	3.33	0.440	5.11	0.670	S1C	5775	875.000	2325	18150	2625.000	200.000	3075	1050	14	15	16	16	15	15	14	14	8	13.62	423.00	421.57	2029.71	218.52	2261.85	3.33	5.12
Ambient	South	37.600	0.3	19.600	1.50	2563.0	2.0	2281.0	73.00	8.06	0.090	440.000	192.000	3.33	0.440	5.11	0.670	S1D	4150	550.000	1975	16525	1600.000	300.000	2275	400	13	14	15	16	15	15	14	14	8	13.62	423.00	421.57	2029.71	218.52	2261.85	3.33	5.12
Low	North	37.800	0.4	23.800	0.70	2560.0	7.0	2395.0	66.00	7.77	0.190	1075.000	943.000	2.32	0.730	3.52	1.110	N3C	1125	500.000	200	1750	50.000	50.000	1250	0	10	11	11	12	11	11	10	10	8	26.50	921.46	918.52	2211.54	143.40	2381.45	2.22	3.36
Low	North	37.800	0.4	23.800	0.70	2560.0	7.0	2395.0	66.00	7.77	0.190	1075.000	943.000	2.32	0.730	3.52	1.110	N3D	6050	100.000	650	12150	225.000	150.000	1875	350	16	17	18	18	17	17	17	16	8	26.50	921.46	918.52	2211.54	143.40	2381.45	2.22	3.36
Low	North	37.800	0.4	23.800	0.70	2560.0	7.0	2395.0	66.00	7.77	0.190	1075.000	943.000	2.32	0.730	3.52	1.110	N2A	2950	825.000	125	5300	900.000	75.000	1575	350	10	11	10	11	10	10	9	9	8	26.50	921.46	918.52	2211.54	143.40	2381.45	2.22	3.36
Low	North	37.800	0.4	23.800	0.70	2560.0	7.0	2395.0	66.00	7.77	0.190	1075.000	943.000	2.32	0.730	3.52	1.110	N2B	6350	1075.000	600	5975	875.000	0.000	1950	750	12	13	13	14	13	13	12	12	8	26.50	921.46	918.52	2211.54	143.40	2381.45	2.22	3.36
Low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2560.0	7.0	2318.0	99.00	7.75	0.300	1581.000	2711.000	1.95	0.850	3.00	1.310	S2A	2225	175.000	300	7350	0.000	75.000	2000	275	15	16	15	16	15	15	14	14	8	32.79	960.18	956.86	2287.08	111.64	2431.51	1.69	2.61
Low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2560.0	7.0	2318.0	99.00	7.75	0.300	1581.000	2711.000	1.95	0.850	3.00	1.310	S2B	4125	650.000	150	7875	0.000	0.000	1950	1075	16	17	16	17	16	16	15	15	8	32.79	960.18	956.86	2287.08	111.64	2431.51	1.69	2.61
Low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2560.0	7.0	2318.0	99.00	7.75	0.300	1581.000	2711.000	1.95	0.850	3.00	1.310	S2C	6875	875.000	700	6650	250.000	200.000	6450	925	15	16	15	16	15	16	16	16	8	32.79	960.18	956.86	2287.08	111.64	2431.51	1.69	2.61
Low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2560.0	7.0	2318.0	99.00	7.75	0.300	1581.000	2711.000	1.95	0.850	3.00	1.310	S2D	2775	825.000	150	4950	250.000	25.000	1200	325	10	11	11	12	11	11	10	11	8	32.79	960.18	956.86	2287.08	111.64	2431.51	1.69	2.61
Extreme low	North	37.900	0.4	23.400	0.74	2559.0	13.0	2579.0	207.00	7.20	0.360	6558.000	21347.000	0.84	0.540	1.27	0.820	N4A	150	0.000	50	150	25.000	0.000	775	0	3	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	8	110.14	3793.12	3780.94	2456.31	42.33	2608.78	0.65	0.99
Extreme low	North	37.900	0.4	23.400	0.74	2559.0	13.0	2579.0	207.00	7.20	0.360	6558.000	21347.000	0.84	0.540	1.27	0.820	N4B	125	0.000	0	750	0.000	0.000	375	0	3	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	8	110.14	3793.12	3780.94	2456.31	42.33	2608.78	0.65	0.99
Extreme low	North	37.900	0.4	23.400	0.74	2559.0	13.0	2579.0	207.00	7.20	0.360	6558.000	21347.000	0.84	0.540	1.27	0.820	N3A	16100	0.000	925	7900	50.000	25.000	5875	1300	16	15	15	15	14	14	13	13	8	110.14	3793.12	3780.94	2456.31	42.33	2608.78	0.65	0.99
Extreme low	North	37.900	0.4	23.400	0.74	2559.0	13.0	2579.0	207.00	7.20	0.360	6558.000	21347.000	0.84	0.540	1.27	0.820	N3B	10975	150.000	925	10275	150.000	100.000	2325	1275	19	19	18	19	18	18	17	17	8	110.14	3793.12	3780.94	2456.31	42.33	2608.78	0.65	0.99
Extreme low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2563.0	13.0	3849.0	790.00	6.59	0.510	23989.000	16638.000	0.32	0.620	0.49	0.960	S3A	11625	50.000	325	2800	0.000	0.000	1025	0	6	7	7	7	6	6	6	6	8	526.91	15427.46	15374.18	2542.29	8.59	3077.79	0.13	0.20
Extreme low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2563.0	13.0	3849.0	790.00	6.59	0.510	23989.000	16638.000	0.32	0.620	0.49	0.960	S3B	2175	25.000	625	4500	0.000	0.000	2950	0	12	12	11	11	10	9	8	8	8	526.91	15427.46	15374.18	2542.29	8.59	3077.79	0.13	0.20
Extreme low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2563.0	13.0	3849.0	790.00	6.59	0.510	23989.000	16638.000	0.32	0.620	0.49	0.960	S3C	8000	0.000	750	8800	0.000	25.000	9500	0	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	526.91	15427.46	15374.18	2542.29	8.59	3077.79	0.13	0.20
Extreme low	South	37.700	0.2	17.500	2.80	2563.0	13.0	3849.0	790.00	6.59	0.510	23989.000	16638.000	0.32	0.620	0.49	0.960	S3D	4100	0.000	825	19900	0.000	25.000	13650	0	8	8	7	7	6	6	5	5	8	526.91	15427.46	15374.18	2542.29	8.59	3077.79	0.13	0.20