Citation:

313306a0

Name: (Table 1) Geochemistry of volcanic glass shards from tephra layers of the Gulf of Aden and in the Turkana Basin
Published: 1985
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Published: 1985 (exact date unknown) • DOI registered: 2011-11-08

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Abstract:

The early hominids of East Africa were dated by determining the ages of tuff beds at the sites. Despite much research using palaeomagnetic and K/Ar-dating techniques, some of those ages are still controversial (Brown, 1982, doi:10.1038/300631a0; Aronoson et al., 1983, doi:10.1038/306209c0). To obtain independent age estimates for these tephra layers, we have examined cores from DSDP Sites 231 and 232 in the Gulf of Aden which consist mainly of calcareous nannofossil ooze, but also contain rare tephra horizons (Brunce and Fisher, 1974, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.101.1974) dated by interpolation from the established nannofossil stratigraphy. Chemical analysis confirms that the identity and sequence of these horizons is the same as that at the East African sites. We conclude that the age of the Tulu Bor Tuff is <3.4 Myr and hence that the Hadar hominid specimens are also <~3.4 Myr old.

Project(s):

Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 9.985400 * Median Longitude: 45.425400 * South-bound Latitude: 3.583300 * West-bound Longitude: 36.116700 * North-bound Latitude: 14.482700 * East-bound Longitude: 51.914300

Date/Time Start: 1972-05-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1972-05-10T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 80.0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 189.0 m

Event(s):

24-231 * Latitude: 11.890200 * Longitude: 48.245200 * Date/Time: 1972-05-04T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2152.0 m * Penetration: 584 m * Recovery: 425.8 m * Location: Indian Ocean/Gulf of Aden/BASIN * Campaign: * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 64 cores; 583.7 m cored; 0 m drilled; 72.9 % recovery

24-232A * Latitude: 14.482700 * Longitude: 51.914300 * Date/Time: 1972-05-10T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1726.0 m * Penetration: 434 m * Recovery: 125.2 m * Location: Indian Ocean/Gulf of Aden/TRENCH * Campaign: * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 27 cores; 253 m cored; 22 m drilled; 49.5 % recovery

Turkana_Basin * Latitude: 3.583300 * Longitude: 36.116700 * Location: Kenya * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Number	No		Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M
3	Sample code/label	Sample label		Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation
4	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
5	Sample comment	Sample comment		Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M
6	Sample amount	N	#	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M		number of shards analysed
7	Silicon dioxide	SiO2	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
8	Silicon dioxide, standard deviation	SiO2 std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
9	Aluminium oxide	Al2O3	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
10	Aluminium oxide, standard deviation	Al2O3 std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
11	Iron oxide, Fe2O3	Fe2O3	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
12	Iron oxide, Fe2O3, standard deviation	Fe2O3 std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
13	Magnesium oxide	MgO	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
14	Magnesium oxide, standard deviation	MgO std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
15	Manganese oxide	MnO	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
16	Manganese oxide, standard deviation	MnO std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
17	Calcium oxide	CaO	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
18	Calcium oxide, standard deviation	CaO std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
19	Titanium dioxide	TiO2	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
20	Titanium dioxide, standard deviation	TiO2 std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
21	Sodium oxide	Na2O	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
22	Sodium oxide, standard deviation	Na2O std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
23	Potassium oxide	K2O	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
24	Potassium oxide, standard deviation	K2O std dev	±	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)
25	Total	Total	%	Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M	Electron microprobe (EMP)	original totals

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

364 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 No	3 Sample label	4 Depth sed [m]	5 Sample comment	6 N [#]	7 SiO2 [%]	8 SiO2 std dev [±]	9 Al2O3 [%]	10 Al2O3 std dev [±]	11 Fe2O3 [%]	12 Fe2O3 std dev [±]	13 MgO [%]	14 MgO std dev [±]	15 MnO [%]	16 MnO std dev [±]	17 CaO [%]	18 CaO std dev [±]	19 TiO2 [%]	20 TiO2 std dev [±]	21 Na2O [%]	22 Na2O std dev [±]	23 K2O [%]	24 K2O std dev [±]	25 Total [%]
24-231	1	24-231-10-5,69-71	80.0	Tephra layer	20	74.57	0.55	12.03	0.18	3.35	0.10	0.00		0.09	0.01	0.25	0.01	0.16	0.02	5.18	0.15	4.37	0.09	92.60
24-231	3	24-231-14-5,109-111	90.0	Tephra layer	15	74.13	2.45	10.44	1.64	4.97	0.90	0.12	0.06	0.23	0.04	0.21	0.10	0.37	0.09	4.89	0.50	4.64	0.34	92.76
24-231	4	24-231-19-2,33-34	160.0	Tephra layer	30	76.43	0.60	12.50	0.23	1.57	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.31	0.06	0.14	0.01	3.81	0.17	5.14	0.14	94.31
24-231	9	24-231-20-2,25-28	170.0	Tephra layer	15	75.65	0.66	10.62	0.35	4.06	0.35	0.00		0.16	0.02	0.19	0.02	0.23	0.03	4.38	0.29	4.71	0.24	92.48
24-231	13	24-231-21-2,15-17	180.0	Tephra layer	15	76.87	0.68	11.44	0.24	2.42	0.06	0.01	<0.01	0.07	0.01	0.18	0.01	0.13	0.02	4.09	0.16	4.79	0.17	93.20
24-231	15	24-231-22-1,82-85	189.0	Tephra layer	15	76.68	0.54	11.28	0.25	2.73	0.07	0.00		0.08	0.01	0.21	0.01	0.19	0.03	4.24	0.17	4.58	0.16	92.94
24-232A	6	24-232A-1-4,42-45	164.0	Tephra layer	14	75.73	0.66	10.61	0.57	3.97	0.18	0.01	<0.01	0.16	0.02	0.19	0.02	0.20	0.05	4.56	0.26	4.58	0.20	92.89
24-232A	10	24-232A-1-5,25-27	165.5	Tephra layer	15	75.39	0.79	10.53	0.45	4.14	0.37	0.01	<0.01	0.16	0.02	0.19	0.02	0.24	0.04	4.69	0.30	4.66	0.22	92.68
24-232A	11	24-232A-1-5,28-29	165.5	Tephra layer	15	75.59	0.56	10.57	0.42	4.03	0.55	0.01	<0.01	0.16	0.01	0.19	0.03	0.23	0.04	4.55	0.26	4.69	0.24	92.38
Turkana_Basin	2	77-23		Chari Tuff	20	76.92	0.89	10.94	0.25	2.76	0.08	0.00		0.09	0.02	0.18	0.01	0.19	0.04	4.90	0.28	4.02	0.45	94.10
Turkana_Basin	5	K82-869		beta-Tulu Bor Tuff	16	76.97	1.56	12.77	0.33	1.60	0.11	0.05	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.30	0.02	0.14	0.03	4.46	0.19	3.67	0.24	91.50
Turkana_Basin	7	80-293		Lokochot Tuff (bulk)	14	77.41	0.90	10.73	0.46	3.76	0.72	0.02	<0.01	0.12	0.02	0.19	0.02	0.20	0.04	3.66	0.50	3.91	0.36	90.42
Turkana_Basin	8	80-293		Lokochot Tuff (bulk)	15	77.32	0.92	10.81	0.59	3.78	0.67	0.03	0.01	0.13	0.02	0.20	0.01	0.19	0.04	3.48	0.75	4.05	0.89	92.23
Turkana_Basin	12	80-295		Lokochot Tuff (high iron)	5	77.50	0.58	10.52	0.20	4.47	0.02	0.02	<0.01	0.15	0.02	0.19	0.01	0.22	0.04	3.22	0.97	3.70	0.66	90.25
Turkana_Basin	14	K18-485		Tuff	17	77.83	0.64	11.41	0.25	2.50	0.07	0.03	0.01	0.07	0.01	0.20	0.01	0.12	0.02	3.64	0.30	4.20	0.25	92.25
Turkana_Basin	16	81-602		Moiti Tuff	16	76.97	0.77	11.22	0.36	2.80	0.06	0.01	<0.01	0.10	0.01	0.22	0.01	0.17	0.03	4.11	0.36	4.40	0.26	93.72