/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M; Meyer, C E; Roth, Peter H; Brown, F H (1985): (Table 1) Geochemistry of volcanic glass shards from tephra layers of the Gulf of Aden and in the Turkana Basin [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.770361, Supplement to: Sarna-Wojcicki, AM et al. (1985): Ages of tuff beds at East African early hominid sites and sediments in the Gulf of Aden. Nature, 313(6000), 306-308, https://doi.org/10.1038/313306a0 Abstract: The early hominids of East Africa were dated by determining the ages of tuff beds at the sites. Despite much research using palaeomagnetic and K/Ar-dating techniques, some of those ages are still controversial (Brown, 1982, doi:10.1038/300631a0; Aronoson et al., 1983, doi:10.1038/306209c0). To obtain independent age estimates for these tephra layers, we have examined cores from DSDP Sites 231 and 232 in the Gulf of Aden which consist mainly of calcareous nannofossil ooze, but also contain rare tephra horizons (Brunce and Fisher, 1974, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.101.1974) dated by interpolation from the established nannofossil stratigraphy. Chemical analysis confirms that the identity and sequence of these horizons is the same as that at the East African sites. We conclude that the age of the Tulu Bor Tuff is <3.4 Myr and hence that the Hadar hominid specimens are also <~3.4 Myr old. Project(s): Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) (URI: http://www.deepseadrilling.org/) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 9.985400 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: 45.425400 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 3.583300 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 36.116700 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 14.482700 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 51.914300 DATE/TIME START: 1972-05-04T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1972-05-10T00:00:00 MINIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 80.0 m * MAXIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 189.0 m Event(s): 24-231 * LATITUDE: 11.890200 * LONGITUDE: 48.245200 * DATE/TIME: 1972-05-04T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -2152.0 m * Penetration: 584 m * Recovery: 425.8 m * LOCATION: Indian Ocean/Gulf of Aden/BASIN * CAMPAIGN: Leg24 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.1974) * BASIS: Glomar Challenger (URI: https://www-odp.tamu.edu:443/glomar.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * COMMENT: 64 cores; 583.7 m cored; 0 m drilled; 72.9 % recovery 24-232A * LATITUDE: 14.482700 * LONGITUDE: 51.914300 * DATE/TIME: 1972-05-10T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -1726.0 m * Penetration: 434 m * Recovery: 125.2 m * LOCATION: Indian Ocean/Gulf of Aden/TRENCH * CAMPAIGN: Leg24 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.1974) * BASIS: Glomar Challenger (URI: https://www-odp.tamu.edu:443/glomar.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * COMMENT: 27 cores; 253 m cored; 22 m drilled; 49.5 % recovery Turkana_Basin * LATITUDE: 3.583300 * LONGITUDE: 36.116700 * LOCATION: Kenya * METHOD/DEVICE: Sampling by hand (HAND) Parameter(s): Event label (Event) Number (No) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M Sample code/label (Sample label) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation (URI: hdl:10013/epic.27914.d001) DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] (Depth sed) * GEOCODE Sample comment (Sample comment) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M Sample amount [#] (N) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * COMMENT: number of shards analysed Silicon dioxide [%] (SiO2) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Silicon dioxide, standard deviation [±] (SiO2 std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Aluminium oxide [%] (Al2O3) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Aluminium oxide, standard deviation [±] (Al2O3 std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Iron oxide, Fe2O3 [%] (Fe2O3) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Iron oxide, Fe2O3, standard deviation [±] (Fe2O3 std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Magnesium oxide [%] (MgO) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Magnesium oxide, standard deviation [±] (MgO std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Manganese oxide [%] (MnO) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Manganese oxide, standard deviation [±] (MnO std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Calcium oxide [%] (CaO) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Calcium oxide, standard deviation [±] (CaO std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Titanium dioxide [%] (TiO2) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Titanium dioxide, standard deviation [±] (TiO2 std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Sodium oxide [%] (Na2O) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Sodium oxide, standard deviation [±] (Na2O std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Potassium oxide [%] (K2O) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Potassium oxide, standard deviation [±] (K2O std dev) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) Total [%] (Total) * PI: Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M * METHOD/DEVICE: Electron microprobe (EMP) * COMMENT: original totals License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 364 data points */ Event No Sample label Depth sed [m] Sample comment N [#] SiO2 [%] SiO2 std dev [±] Al2O3 [%] Al2O3 std dev [±] Fe2O3 [%] Fe2O3 std dev [±] MgO [%] MgO std dev [±] MnO [%] MnO std dev [±] CaO [%] CaO std dev [±] TiO2 [%] TiO2 std dev [±] Na2O [%] Na2O std dev [±] K2O [%] K2O std dev [±] Total [%] 24-231 1 24-231-10-5,69-71 80.0 Tephra layer 20 74.57 0.55 12.03 0.18 3.35 0.10 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.16 0.02 5.18 0.15 4.37 0.09 92.60 24-231 3 24-231-14-5,109-111 90.0 Tephra layer 15 74.13 2.45 10.44 1.64 4.97 0.90 0.12 0.06 0.23 0.04 0.21 0.10 0.37 0.09 4.89 0.50 4.64 0.34 92.76 24-231 4 24-231-19-2,33-34 160.0 Tephra layer 30 76.43 0.60 12.50 0.23 1.57 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.31 0.06 0.14 0.01 3.81 0.17 5.14 0.14 94.31 24-231 9 24-231-20-2,25-28 170.0 Tephra layer 15 75.65 0.66 10.62 0.35 4.06 0.35 0.00 0.16 0.02 0.19 0.02 0.23 0.03 4.38 0.29 4.71 0.24 92.48 24-231 13 24-231-21-2,15-17 180.0 Tephra layer 15 76.87 0.68 11.44 0.24 2.42 0.06 0.01 <0.01 0.07 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.13 0.02 4.09 0.16 4.79 0.17 93.20 24-231 15 24-231-22-1,82-85 189.0 Tephra layer 15 76.68 0.54 11.28 0.25 2.73 0.07 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.21 0.01 0.19 0.03 4.24 0.17 4.58 0.16 92.94 24-232A 6 24-232A-1-4,42-45 164.0 Tephra layer 14 75.73 0.66 10.61 0.57 3.97 0.18 0.01 <0.01 0.16 0.02 0.19 0.02 0.20 0.05 4.56 0.26 4.58 0.20 92.89 24-232A 10 24-232A-1-5,25-27 165.5 Tephra layer 15 75.39 0.79 10.53 0.45 4.14 0.37 0.01 <0.01 0.16 0.02 0.19 0.02 0.24 0.04 4.69 0.30 4.66 0.22 92.68 24-232A 11 24-232A-1-5,28-29 165.5 Tephra layer 15 75.59 0.56 10.57 0.42 4.03 0.55 0.01 <0.01 0.16 0.01 0.19 0.03 0.23 0.04 4.55 0.26 4.69 0.24 92.38 Turkana_Basin 2 77-23 Chari Tuff 20 76.92 0.89 10.94 0.25 2.76 0.08 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.18 0.01 0.19 0.04 4.90 0.28 4.02 0.45 94.10 Turkana_Basin 5 K82-869 beta-Tulu Bor Tuff 16 76.97 1.56 12.77 0.33 1.60 0.11 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.30 0.02 0.14 0.03 4.46 0.19 3.67 0.24 91.50 Turkana_Basin 7 80-293 Lokochot Tuff (bulk) 14 77.41 0.90 10.73 0.46 3.76 0.72 0.02 <0.01 0.12 0.02 0.19 0.02 0.20 0.04 3.66 0.50 3.91 0.36 90.42 Turkana_Basin 8 80-293 Lokochot Tuff (bulk) 15 77.32 0.92 10.81 0.59 3.78 0.67 0.03 0.01 0.13 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.19 0.04 3.48 0.75 4.05 0.89 92.23 Turkana_Basin 12 80-295 Lokochot Tuff (high iron) 5 77.50 0.58 10.52 0.20 4.47 0.02 0.02 <0.01 0.15 0.02 0.19 0.01 0.22 0.04 3.22 0.97 3.70 0.66 90.25 Turkana_Basin 14 K18-485 Tuff 17 77.83 0.64 11.41 0.25 2.50 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.20 0.01 0.12 0.02 3.64 0.30 4.20 0.25 92.25 Turkana_Basin 16 81-602 Moiti Tuff 16 76.97 0.77 11.22 0.36 2.80 0.06 0.01 <0.01 0.10 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.17 0.03 4.11 0.36 4.40 0.26 93.72