Not logged in
PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during YORK cruise from Benkulen to St. Helena started at 1775-04-20. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752941, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth

Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -24.279634 * Median Longitude: 47.043293 * South-bound Latitude: -37.370000 * West-bound Longitude: -2.670000 * North-bound Latitude: -3.870000 * East-bound Longitude: 101.580000
Date/Time Start: 1775-04-20T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-07-10T12:00:00
Event(s):
York_17750420_BL_L/MAR/B/237K * Latitude Start: -6.670000 * Longitude Start: 100.420000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1775-04-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-07-10T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: York, Voyage: Benkuleu - St Helena, 1st Observer: George Hayter (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 758BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 ClearnessClearness
17 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
18 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
19 FogFog1 If fog was reported
20 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
21 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
22 HailHail1 If hail was reported
23 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
24 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1560 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
Clearness
17 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
18 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
19 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
20 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
21 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
22 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
23 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
24 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1775-04-20T05:00-3.87101.58337P. POINTN55:26E18S76W27.00-1SE, VARIABLE, N, NNWLIGHT AIRS AND CALMS IN THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS, LATTER INCREASING WITH SQUALLSLATTER RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE PART FAIR0100000283097
1775-04-21T05:00-5.57101.303596.7P. POINTN46:08E47S62W85.00-1NNW, NWBN, NW, NA MODERATE BREEZE AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000283098
1775-04-22T05:00-7.1399.772219.0P. POINTN45:44E91S44W131.00-1NBW, NBE, NNEA FRESH GALE WITH SQUALLSRAIN0100000283099
1775-04-23T05:00-7.4599.33441.0P. POINTN45:31E104S54W32.00-1NW, VARIABLE, NELIGHT AIRS AND CALMSRAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000283100
1775-04-24T05:00-8.1798.683586.7P. POINTN46:51E122S51W50.00-2NW, NLIGHT AIRS AND CALMS IN THE MIDDLE, THE RESIDUE A MODERATE BREEZEFAIR WEATHER0000000283101
1775-04-25T05:00-9.2597.883136.7P. POINTN44:50E147S37W77.00-2NNW, WNW, NWMODERATE BREEZESUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283102
1775-04-26T06:00-10.6597.433256.7P. POINTN39:28E174S24W52.00-1NW, VARIABLE, NWBNA MODERATE BREEZECHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283103
1775-04-27T06:00-10.9297.103031.0P. POINTN39:02E180S45W17.00-1NWBWLIGHT AIRS AND CALMSUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283104
1775-04-28T06:00-10.7295.0514510.0P. POINTN48:35E205W121.00-1SBE, SSE, SEBSA BRISK TRADECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283105
1775-04-29T06:00-11.2293.0315710.0P. POINTN33:35E242S76W123.00-1SE, SSEA BRISK TRADECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283106
1775-04-30T06:00-11.3291.681579.3P. POINTN56:22E267S60W83.00-1SSEA FRESH BREEZE THE MAJOR PARTCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283107
1775-05-01T06:00-12.1589.821579.3P. POINTN57:45E305S65W120.00-1SE, SSEA PLEASANT TRADEFAIR WEATHER0000000283108
1775-05-02T06:00-12.5588.721449.3P. POINTN58:24E329S63W72.00-2SSE, SEBSA PLEASANT TRADEFAIR WEATHER0000000283109
1775-05-03T06:00-13.5087.188810.0P. POINTN58:02E366S53W113.00-2SEBS, SE, EA PLEASANT INCREASING TRADEFAIR WEATHER0000000283110
1775-05-04T06:00-14.2585.47999.3P. POINTN59:9E402S64W111.00-2SE, ESE, E, EBSA PLEASANT TRADECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283111
1775-05-05T06:00-15.0283.508812.3P. POINTN60:02E444S66W126.00-2EA FRESH TRADECHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283112
1775-05-06T07:00-15.9082.10879.3P. POINTN59:37E479S53W101.00-3EBN, ENE, EA MODERATE TRADECHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283113
1775-05-07T07:00-17.0280.008710.0P. POINTN60:05E525S65W132.00-3EA BRISK TRADECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283114
1775-05-08T07:00-17.6878.60409.3P. POINTN60:10E555S65W89.00-5E, NEA FRESH BREEZEFAIR WEATHER0000000283115
1775-05-09T07:00-18.1077.851646.7P. POINTN60:15E571S70W45.00-5VARIABLE, NE, SSW, SBW, S, SBEMODERATE BREEZE THE MAJOR PARTCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283116
1775-05-10T07:00-18.8875.131529.3P. POINTN60:31E607S64W106.00-6SBE, SSEA FRESH BREEZEUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283117
1775-05-11T07:00-20.0073.021299.3P. POINTN60:37E652S61W138.00-6S, SSE, SEA FRESH BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283118
1775-05-12T07:00-20.7370.751279.3P. POINTN61:16E699S62W144.00-8SEA PLEASANT GALECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283119
1775-05-13T07:00-21.9268.204819.0P. POINTN61:35E752S64W159.00-8SE, EBN, ENE, NEBEA FRESH GALECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283120
1775-05-14T08:00-22.5366.62109.3P. POINTN61:47E787S77W91.00-13NE, NNEFIRST PART HARD SQUALLS, RESIDUE A FRESH BREEZEFAIR WEATHER0000000283121
1775-05-15T08:00-23.0264.023029.3P. POINTN62:18E821S79W100.00-13NNE, NBE, NBW, NWBN, NWTHE MAJOR PART A FRESH BREEZE, THE RESIDUE SQUALLYRAINHAZY WEATHER0100000283122
1775-05-16T08:00-23.0763.923586.7P. POINTN62:35E840S85W52.00-13NW, NWBN, ENE, NBEFIRST PART LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS, RESIDUE A MODERATE BREEZEUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283123
1775-05-17T08:00-23.7063.23347P. POINTN62:25E855S63W43.00-13NVARIABLE WINDSCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283124
1775-05-18T08:00-23.8362.551222.6P. POINTN62:52E866N80W38.00-13W, VARIABLE, WBS, SBE, SEA LIGHT BREEZECHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283125
1775-05-19T08:00-23.6762.033622.6P. POINTN63:14E876S82W29.00-16ESE, EBS, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283126
1775-05-20T08:00-24.3760.3776.7P. POINTN63:17E810S74W94.00-16NE, NNEA PLEASANT BREEZEFAIR WEATHER0000000283127
1775-05-21T08:00-25.0759.422549.3P. POINTN62:59E931S50W68.00-16NBE, NEBN, NBW, WA FRESH BREEZE THE MAJOR PART, THE RESIDUE LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283128
1775-05-22T08:00-24.9059.172201.0P. POINTN63:19E935N62W15.00-16WSW, VARIABLE, SW, NWBN, SWBWLIGHT AIRS AND CALMSCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283129
1775-05-23T08:00-25.2058.481422.6P. POINTN63:21E948S53W45.00-16VARIABLE, S, SSELIGHT BREEZESCHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283130
1775-05-24T08:00-26.4056.831399.3P. POINTN62:53E986S52W113.00-19S, SBW, SSEA FRESH BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283131
1775-05-25T08:00-27.4254.23949.3P. POINTN62:41E1038S60W160.00-19SE, SEBE, ESEA PLEASANT GALESOME RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000283132
1775-05-26T09:00-28.3751.489019.0P. POINTN63:23E1091S69W160.00-23ESEA FRESH GALESOME RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000283133
1775-05-27T09:00-28.9249.47568.7P. POINTN63:44E1128S74W115.00-23EBS, EBNA FRESH BREEZE DECREASING IN THE LATTER PARTUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283134
1775-05-28T09:00-29.2748.272816.7P. POINTN63:53E1151S71W63.00-23ENE, NBE, WNW, W, NWBWMODERATE BREEZESUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283135
1775-05-29T09:00-29.4347.95451.0P. POINTN63:49E1159S43W25.00-23WNW, NE, ENELIGHT AIRSHAZY WEATHER0000000283136
1775-05-30T09:00-29.7246.90886.7P. POINTN64:02E1178S76W57.00-25EBN, ESEMODERATE BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283137
1775-05-31T09:00-30.1546.522792.6P. POINTN63:44E1185S16W45.00-25NW, WBN, WNW, NWBWLIGHT BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283138
1775-06-01T09:00-30.4345.62996.7P. POINTN63:52E1203S65W52.00-25WBN, SWBS, SEBE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283139
1775-06-02T09:00-30.8242.8235819.0P. POINTN64:25E1253S87W146.00-25NEBE, NNEA FRESH GALECHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283140
1775-06-03T09:00-31.8042.152556.7P. POINTN63:57E1269S33W63.00-26VARIABLE, NBW, NNW, WBNA MODERATE BREEZE THE MAJOR PARTSOME RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000283141
1775-06-04T09:00-32.0039.806419.0P. POINTN64:38E1310S85W122.00-26SEBS, ESE, EFIRST PART MODERATE, THE RESIDUE INCREASING TO A FRESH GALEHARD RAINFIRST PART HAZY0100100283142
1775-06-05T09:00-32.0338.12143P. POINTN65:9E1341S70W90.00-26ESE, SE, SBEVARIABLE WINDS AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000283143
1775-06-06T10:00-32.2036.9715419.0P. POINTN65:30E1363S71W63.00-26SA FRESH GALE THE MAJOR PART, THE RESIDUE MORE MODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283144
1775-06-07T10:00-32.9236.08196.7P. POINTN65:15E1385S46W62.00-26S, SSE, VARIABLE, NEMODERATE BREEZES AND VARIABLECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283145
1775-06-08T10:00-33.6833.3034519.0P. POINTN65:37E1435S76W144.00-26ENE, NE, VARIABLE, NBEFIRST PART A MODERATE BREEZE, THE RESIDUE A FRESH GALECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283146
1775-06-09T10:00-34.1533.2534519.0P. POINTN64:52E1439S4W28.00-26NBEA FRESH GALE THROUGHOUT ATTENDED WITH HARD SQUALLSRAIN0100100283147
1775-06-10T10:00-34.0533.451776.7P. POINTN65:06E1431N29E22.00-26SSWTHE MAJOR PART A VERY HARD GALE WITH HARD SQUALLS, THE LATTER PART MORE MODERATE0000000283148
1775-06-11T10:00-34.1332.603622.6P. POINTN65:18E1446N86W42.00-26SWBS, SSW, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283149
1775-06-12T10:00-34.6031.20437.3P. POINTN65:21E1471S71W73.00-25VARIABLE, E, ENELIGHT BREEZES THE FIRST PART, THE RESIDUE A MODERATE BREEZE INCREASINGCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283150
1775-06-13T10:00-34.9328.084319.0P. POINTN66:01E1526S89W154.00-25NE, ENEA FRESH GALECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283151
1775-06-14T10:00-35.7525.122111.6P. POINTN66:11E1593S74W152.00-24NEA PLEASANT STEADY GALE THE MAJOR PART, THE RESIDUE A MODERATE BREEZE AND SQUALLY0000000283152
1775-06-15T10:00-36.2024.2519019.0P. POINTN66:06E1600S55W51.00-24WBN, WBS, SW, SWBSA FRESH GALE THROUGHOUTUNSETTLED WEATHER0000000283153
1775-06-16T11:00-36.4321.38119.0P. POINTN66:40E1644S84W138.00-22EBS, E, NEBE, NEBN, NNETHE MAJOR PART A FRESH GALEHAZY WEATHER0000000283154
1775-06-17T11:00-36.4821.302932.6P. POINTN66:40E1642S45W4.00-22WBN, NWLIGHT BREEZES AND CALMCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283155
1775-06-18T11:00-36.6519.521139.3P. POINTN66:59E1674WBN90.00-22SEBE, SEA PLEASANT GALE INCREASINGCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283156
1775-06-19T11:00-36.7817.7532719.0P. POINTN67:18E1703S88W86.00-22SEBE, EBN, N, NBWTHE MAJOR PART A FRESH GALE AND SQUALLY0000000283157
1775-06-20T11:00-37.3717.6727122.6P. POINTN67:02E1730S4W51.00-22NW, NWBW, WNWA STRONG GALE THE MAJOR PART, THE RESIDUE DECREASINGCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283158
1775-06-21T11:00-36.9816.752176.7P. POINTN67:39E1726N79W45.00-19W, VARIABLE, SWBWMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283159
1775-06-22T11:00-36.1815.071276.7P. POINTN67:02E1752N66W90.00-19SSW, SWBS, SW, VARIABLE, SEBSA MODERATE BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283160
1775-06-23T11:00-35.4012.551166.7P. POINTN69:24E1799N74W130.00-19SSE, SEA PLEASANT BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283161
1775-06-24T11:00-34.8010.821076.1P. POINTN70:16E1829N64W95.00-17SE, SEBS, SEBEA PLEASANT BREEZE DECREASINGCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283162
1775-06-25T11:00-33.039.501976.7P. POINTN71:40E1850N43W115.00-17SSE, S, SW, SWBSA PLEASANT BREEZESMALL RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000283163
1775-06-26T11:00-31.177.671289.3P. POINTN73:11E1883N40W146.00-18VARIABLE, SEBSA FRESH BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283164
1775-06-27T12:00-29.586.121439.3P. POINTN74:25E1913N40W125.00-15SEBE, SSEA PLEASANT GALECHIEFLY FAIR WEATHER0000000283165
1775-06-28T12:00-27.504.631769.3P. POINTN75:58E1943N32W160.00-15SBE, SBWA PLEASANT GALEHAZY WEATHER0000000283166
1775-06-29T12:00-26.403.901426.7P. POINTN76:43E1955N28W75.00-16SBW, VARIABLE, SBE, SSEA PLEASANT BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283167
1775-06-30T12:00-25.253.373622.6P. POINTN77:29E1967N27W64.00-16SSW, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283168
1775-07-01T12:00-24.322.933626.7P. POINTN78:07E1980N27W52.00-16S, SWBS, VARIABLEA MODERATE BREEZECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283169
1775-07-02T12:00-23.952.803621.0P. POINTN78:15E1982N27W16.00-16S, SWBS, VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283170
1775-07-03T12:00-23.372.58521.0P. POINTN78:44E1990N26W28.00-16VARIABLE, NEBE, ENELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283171
1775-07-04T12:00-23.102.6071.0P. POINTN78:54E1991N3E18.00-16NBW, VARIABLE, NW, NE, NNELIGHT AIRS AND CALMSCHIEFLY CLOUDY WEATHER0000000283172
1775-07-05T12:00-22.772.773222.6P. POINTN79:05E1989N27E23.00-16NNE, NBE, SSW, VARIABLE, N, NNWLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000283173
1775-07-06T12:00-21.522.8326419.0P. POINTN79:48E1986N3E76.00-17NWBN, VARIABLE, NW, WBS, WBNA FRESH GALECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283174
1775-07-07T12:00-19.551.2215412.3P. POINTN81:07E2023N38W148.00-15WBS, SWBW, SW, SSW, SBEA BRISK GALECLOUDY WEATHER0000000283175
1775-07-08T12:00-17.48-0.5213012.3P. POINTN83:26E2058N38W161.00-16SSE, SEBS, SEBSA FRESH TRADEFAIR WEATHER0000000283176
1775-07-09T12:00-16.07-2.4313012.3P. POINTN83:21E2096N51W141.00-16SEBS, SSE, SEBSA FRESH TRADE WITH SQUALLSRAIN0100000283177
1775-07-10T12:00-16.10-2.6712212.3P. POINTN83:30E2150S88W154.00-13SEA FRESH TRADE WITH SQUALLSRAIN0100000283178