García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during WINDHAM cruise from Simons Bay to Madras started at 1810-06-13 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752902, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -28.613810 * Median Longitude: 35.281905 * South-bound Latitude: -36.800000 * West-bound Longitude: 18.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -12.930000 * East-bound Longitude: 44.830000
Date/Time Start: 1810-06-13T11:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1810-07-03T09:00:00
Event(s):
Windham_18100613_NMM_UPN/S * Latitude Start: -33.380000 * Longitude Start: 17.270000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1810-06-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1810-07-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Windham, Voyage: Simons Bay - Madras, 1st Observer: John Stuart (Captain), 2nd Observer: Henry Upton (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 823BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 7 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 8 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 9 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 10 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 11 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 12 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 13 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 14 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 15 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 16 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 17 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 18 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 19 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 20 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 21 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 22 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 23 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
342 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] | 5 ff [m/s] | 6 Course | 7 Distance [arbitrary units] | 8 Decl [deg] | 9 Wind dir descr | 10 Wind force descr | 11 ww | 12 Precip descr | 13 State sea descr | 14 Clearness | 15 Gusts | 16 Rain | 17 Fog | 18 Snow | 19 Thunder | 20 Hail | 21 Sea ice | 22 Comment | 23 ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1810-06-13T11:00 | -34.53 | 18.00 | 332 | 6.7 | W | 40.00 | -28 | NBE, NNW, N | THROUGHOUT VARIABLE, FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER VARIABLE MODERATE BREEZES | SWELL FROM THE WEST | THROUGHOUT HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281025 | |||
| 1810-06-14T11:00 | -34.70 | 18.00 | 362 | 1.0 | S35E | 8.00 | -28 | NWBN, VARIABLE | THROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS WITH VARIABLE WINDS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281026 | |||||
| 1810-06-15T11:00 | -35.98 | 20.42 | 321 | 22.6 | S37E | 148.00 | -28 | W, NBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER A STRONG GALE | LATTER PLEASANT WEATHER THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281027 | ||||
| 1810-06-16T10:00 | -36.33 | 24.67 | 286 | 19.0 | S71E | 193.00 | -29 | N, NW | A FRESH GALE THROUGHOUT WITH HARD SQUALLS | RAIN AT TIMES | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281028 | ||||
| 1810-06-17T10:00 | -36.22 | 28.52 | 309 | 22.6 | E | 179.00 | -29 | NW, NNW | STRONG GALES WITH HARD SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281029 | ||||
| 1810-06-18T10:00 | -36.67 | 33.33 | 241 | S76E | 166.00 | -29 | W | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HARD SQUALLS | HEAVY SWELL THROUGHOUT | MIDDLE PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281030 | ||||
| 1810-06-19T10:00 | -36.10 | 35.33 | 185 | 12.3 | N85E | 112.00 | -29 | SW, SWBS | A STRONG BREEZE THROUGHOUT WITH FREQUENT HARD SQUALLS | RAIN AND HAIL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 281031 | ||||
| 1810-06-20T10:00 | -36.80 | 36.80 | 174 | 19.0 | N48E | 161.00 | -29 | SW, SSW | FRESH GALES THROUGHOUT | HIGH CONFUSED SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281032 | ||||
| 1810-06-21T10:00 | -34.60 | 35.90 | 117 | N5E | 133.00 | -29 | S, SEBS | LATTER HARD SQUALLS | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 281033 | |||
| 1810-06-22T09:00 | -32.43 | 37.50 | 356 | 9.3 | E | 46.00 | -27 | E, NNE | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS A FRESH BREEZE AND HARD SQUALLS, MIDDLE PART WINDS LIGHT AND VARIABLE AND SQUALLY | HEAVY RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 281034 | |||
| 1810-06-23T09:00 | -30.27 | 38.23 | 243 | 6.7 | N26E | 78.00 | -27 | VARIABLE, SW, W, NW, W | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT WINDS AND VARIABLE , LATTER MODERATE BREEZE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS A HIGH SEA | LATTER FINE WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281035 | |||
| 1810-06-24T09:00 | -29.07 | 39.23 | 356 | 2.6 | N37E | 80.00 | -27 | NW, NBE, VARIABLE, NNE | LIGHT BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281036 | ||||
| 1810-06-25T09:00 | -28.88 | 41.15 | 356 | 9.3 | N81E | 80.00 | -27 | NEBE, NNE | A FINE BREEZE | FAIR PLEASANT WEATHER THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281037 | ||||
| 1810-06-26T09:00 | -27.72 | 40.82 | 288 | N8W | 69.00 | -27 | VARIABLE, SSW, E, NW | THROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS HARD SQUALLS | THROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS CLOUDY UNSETTLED WEATHER | RAIN AT TIMES DURING THE NIGHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 281038 | ||||
| 1810-06-27T09:00 | -25.22 | 40.08 | 167 | 9.3 | N14W | 156.00 | -24 | WNW, WSW, SW, SBW | THE FIRST PART SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FINE BREEZE | FIRST PART RAIN | MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281039 | |||
| 1810-06-28T09:00 | -23.32 | 40.00 | 201 | 6.7 | N12W | 124.00 | -24 | SW | PLEASANT BREEZES THROUGHOUT | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281040 | ||||
| 1810-06-29T09:00 | -20.65 | 39.83 | 182 | 6.7 | N7W | 102.00 | -21 | SSW | MODERATE BREEZES | FINE PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281041 | ||||
| 1810-06-30T09:00 | -18.17 | 41.45 | 148 | 12.3 | N34E | 182.00 | -21 | S, SBE | STRONG BREEZES THROUGHOUT | CLEAR PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281042 | ||||
| 1810-07-01T09:00 | -15.83 | 43.00 | 141 | 6.7 | N41E | 141.00 | -17 | S, SBE, SSE | A MODERATE BREEZE | FAIR PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281043 | ||||
| 1810-07-02T09:00 | -14.47 | 43.83 | 129 | 9.3 | N17E | 117.00 | -17 | SE, S, SW, SEBS | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER A HEAVY SWELL | FIRST PART CLEAR WEATHER, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281044 | |||
| 1810-07-03T09:00 | -12.93 | 44.83 | 141 | 6.7 | N28E | 116.00 | -17 | SEBS, SE, SSE | FIRST PART OF THESE 24 HOURS FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE VARIABLE BREEZES, WITH HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATE TOWARDS NOON | LATTER A HIGH SEA | FIRST PART CLOUDY WEATHER, MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 281045 |