García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Wilhelmina en Maria cruise from Callao to Valparaiso started at 1827-09-15 [dataset]. Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum Amsterdam, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752887, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -26.168182 * Median Longitude: -85.307273 * South-bound Latitude: -34.400000 * West-bound Longitude: -94.680000 * North-bound Latitude: -12.980000 * East-bound Longitude: -71.670000
Date/Time Start: 1827-09-15T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1827-10-06T17:00:00
Event(s):
Wilhelmina_en_Maria_18270915_I-225 * Latitude Start: -12.200000 * Longitude Start: -78.770000 * Latitude End: -33.080000 * Longitude End: -71.670000 * Date/Time Start: 1827-09-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1827-10-06T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Wilhelmina En Maria (Fregatschip), Voyage: Callao - Valparaiso, 1st Observer: Jacobus Boelen (Kapitein), 2nd Observer: C.J. Claasen (Stuurman), Company: MER, Other ship information: EX FREGATSCHIP 'EUTERPE', 316 TON, GEBOUWD IN 1810 TE BOSTON. IN 1825 OMGEBOUWD EN OMGEDOOPT. SCHIP WERD UITGERUST VOOR EEN EXPEDITIE NAAR ZUID-AMERIKA.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 8 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 9 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 10 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 11 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 12 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 13 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 14 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 15 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 16 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 17 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 18 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 19 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 20 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 21 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 22 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 23 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 24 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 25 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 26 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 27 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 28 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 29 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 30 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 31 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
450 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) | 7 TTT [°C] | 8 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 11 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 12 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 13 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 14 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 15 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 16 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 17 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) | 18 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 20 ww (Weather description) | 21 State sea descr | 22 Cloud type | 23 Clearness | 24 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 25 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 26 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 27 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 28 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 29 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 30 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 31 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1827-09-15T17:00 | -12.98 | -78.18 | 224 | 4.6 | 1018.0 | 21.1 | Z53W | 74.00 | 10 | 70.00 | 290203.00 | ZWTZ | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE OPKLARENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280017 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-16T17:00 | -14.53 | -79.72 | 156 | 4.6 | 1018.0 | 20.0 | Z42W | 111.00 | 10 | 68.00 | 290203.00 | ZOTZ | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280018 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-17T17:00 | -15.92 | -81.30 | 156 | 2.6 | 1015.1 | 20.6 | Z39W | 106.00 | 10 | 69.00 | 290103.00 | ZOTZ | FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280019 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-18T17:00 | -17.02 | -82.43 | 123 | 1.0 | 1017.6 | 21.1 | Z33W | 83.00 | 10 | 70.00 | 290201.00 | OZO | FLAUW EN STIL | BESONDERS GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280020 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-19T18:00 | -18.53 | -83.41 | 146 | 2.6 | 1019.5 | 21.1 | Z39W | 111.00 | 11 | 70.00 | 290209.00 | ZO | ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | DONKERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280021 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-20T18:00 | -19.32 | -84.38 | 146 | 1.0 | 1020.0 | 21.7 | Z40W | 54.00 | 11 | 71.00 | 290211.00 | ZO | FLAUW EN STIL | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280022 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-21T18:00 | -20.05 | -85.91 | 169 | 6.7 | 1020.0 | 21.7 | Z57W | 89.00 | 11 | 71.00 | 290211.00 | ZZO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | OVERHALENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280023 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-22T18:00 | -21.43 | -87.43 | 146 | 4.6 | 1022.9 | 21.7 | Z40W | 115.00 | 11 | 71.00 | 290311.00 | ZO | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | BUIIGE LUCHT | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280024 | |||||||
| 1827-09-23T18:00 | -23.15 | -88.98 | 147 | 4.6 | 1026.0 | 21.1 | Z40W | 118.00 | 12 | 70.00 | 290500.00 | ZO | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280025 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-24T18:00 | -25.17 | -90.82 | 141 | 6.7 | 1028.9 | 20.6 | Z35W | 152.00 | 12 | 69.00 | 290600.00 | ZO1/2O | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | OVERHALENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280026 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-25T18:00 | -26.83 | -92.08 | 158 | 2.6 | 1027.5 | 21.1 | Z40W | 128.00 | 12 | 70.00 | 290506.00 | ZOTZ | ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | BUIIGE LUCHT | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280027 | |||||||
| 1827-09-26T18:00 | -28.60 | -93.80 | 125 | 6.7 | 1027.7 | 20.0 | Z36W | 129.00 | 12 | 68.00 | 290507.00 | OZO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | AANGENAAM WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280028 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-27T18:00 | -30.37 | -94.68 | 102 | 2.0 | 1028.0 | 20.0 | Z17W | 100.00 | 12 | 68.00 | 290508.00 | O | AFNEMENDE KOELTE | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280029 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-28T18:00 | -32.23 | -93.97 | 68 | 4.6 | 1028.9 | 20.0 | Z24O | 117.00 | 12 | 68.00 | 290600.00 | NOTO | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280030 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-29T18:00 | -33.10 | -91.02 | 25 | 2.6 | 1028.9 | 19.4 | Z70O | 125.00 | 14 | 67.00 | 290600.00 | NTO | ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | DONKERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280031 | ||||||||
| 1827-09-30T18:00 | -33.57 | -89.70 | 37 | 2.6 | 1030.6 | 20.0 | Z76O | 110.00 | 14 | 68.00 | 290607.00 | NNO | FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | AANGENAAM WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280032 | ||||||||
| 1827-10-01T18:00 | -33.75 | -87.27 | 285 | 2.0 | 1028.2 | 21.1 | Z87O | 110.00 | 15 | 70.00 | 290509.00 | N-W | AFNEMENDE KOELTE | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280033 | ||||||||
| 1827-10-02T18:00 | -33.87 | -85.35 | 308 | 2.6 | 1025.3 | 21.1 | Z38O | 100.00 | 15 | 70.00 | 290409.00 | WNW | FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280034 | ||||||||
| 1827-10-03T17:00 | -33.97 | -81.62 | 353 | 2.9 | 1020.7 | 20.0 | Z89O | 152.00 | 15 | 68.00 | 290302.00 | NNW | AANNEMENDE KOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280035 | ||||||||
| 1827-10-04T17:00 | -34.40 | -78.42 | 218 | 9.3 | 1020.2 | 17.8 | MASAFUERA (10H) | NTW1/4W | 3 | Z85O | 106.00 | IN DE SPAANSE KAART OP 33G47M ZB EN 74G22M LENGTE CADIX EN 80G39M LENGTE GREENWICH | 15 | 64.00 | 290300.00 | ZZW | STIJVE MARSZEILSKOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280036 | |||
| 1827-10-05T17:00 | -33.83 | -74.62 | 218 | 2.6 | 1018.3 | 16.1 | N83O | 206.00 | 15 | 61.00 | 290204.00 | ZZW | ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | AANNEMENDE ZEE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280037 | |||||||
| 1827-10-06T17:00 | -33.08 | -71.67 | 173 | 4.6 | 1020.2 | 15.6 | 1 | N81O | 127.00 | 15 | 60.00 | 290300.00 | ZZO | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HOOGE DEINING UIT Z | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 280038 |