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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Wilhelmina en Maria cruise from Montevideo to Valparaiso started at 1827-01-05 [dataset]. Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum Amsterdam, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752884, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -50.611333 * Median Longitude: -68.889167 * South-bound Latitude: -60.450000 * West-bound Longitude: -82.100000 * North-bound Latitude: -33.080000 * East-bound Longitude: -50.430000
Date/Time Start: 1827-01-05T16:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1827-03-05T17:00:00
Event(s):
Wilhelmina_en_Maria_18270105_I-225 * Latitude Start: -35.970000 * Longitude Start: -55.650000 * Latitude End: -33.080000 * Longitude End: -71.670000 * Date/Time Start: 1827-01-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1827-03-05T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Wilhelmina En Maria (Fregatschip), Voyage: Montevideo - Valparaiso, 1st Observer: Jacobus Boelen (Kapitein), 2nd Observer: C.J. Claasen (Stuurman), Company: MER, Other ship information: EX FREGATSCHIP 'EUTERPE', 316 TON, GEBOUWD IN 1810 TE BOSTON. IN 1825 OMGEBOUWD EN OMGEDOOPT. SCHIP WERD UITGERUST VOOR EEN EXPEDITIE NAAR ZUID-AMERIKA.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7Temperature, airTTT°C
8--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
12DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17Present weatherwwWeather description
18Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
20Cloud typeCloud type
21ClearnessClearness
22GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
23Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
24FogFog1 If fog was reported
25Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
26ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27HailHail1 If hail was reported
28Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29CommentComment
30IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1202 data points

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