García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during WELMEENENDE cruise from Middelburg to Gulf of Guinea started at 1769-07-04 [dataset]. Rijksarchief Zeeland, Middelburg, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752868, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 26.767333 * Median Longitude: -14.578889 * South-bound Latitude: 6.470000 * West-bound Longitude: -22.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.650000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.480000
Date/Time Start: 1769-07-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1769-08-24T13:00:00
Event(s):
Welmeenende_17690704_MCC_20_1302 * Latitude Start: 51.460000 * Longitude Start: 3.330000 * Latitude End: 4.480000 * Longitude End: 1.680000 * Date/Time Start: 1769-07-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1769-08-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Welmeenende (Snauw), Voyage: Middelburg - Gulf Of Guinea, Company: MCC, Other ship information: HET SCHIP IS BEMAND MET 28 KOPPEN EN BEWAPEND MET 6 STUKKEN TWEEPONDS KANONS.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Image number/name | Image no/name | Identification Number of the original image | |||
| 7 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 8 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 9 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 10 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of second landmark | |||
| 11 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the second landmark | |||
| 12 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the second landmark | ||
| 13 | Watch | Watch | Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships | |||
| 14 | Glasses | Glasses | Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses | |||
| 15 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 16 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 17 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 18 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 19 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 20 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 21 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 22 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 23 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 24 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 25 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 26 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 27 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 28 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 29 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 30 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 31 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 32 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 33 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
884 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Image no/name (Identification Number of the ...) | 7 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 8 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 10 Landmark (Name of second landmark) | 11 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark) | 12 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark) | 13 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...) | 14 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...) | 15 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 16 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 17 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 18 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 19 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 20 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 21 ww (Weather description) | 22 Precip descr | 23 State sea descr | 24 Cloud type | 25 Clearness | 26 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 27 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 28 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 29 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 30 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 31 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 32 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 33 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1769-07-04T00:00 | MCC_20_1302_0003 | VERTROKKEN VANUIT ZEELAND RICHTING AFRIKA. ZIEN OP 9 JULI GOUDSTAART EN OP 10 JULI LEZARD. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278688 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1769-07-11T12:00 | 49.23 | -5.48 | 204 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0004 | VM | 8 | ZW 1/2 Z | 5.00 | -21 | W-ZW | LABBER EN STIL | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278689 | |||||||||||
| 1769-07-12T12:00 | 49.65 | -5.87 | 2 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | NW | 9.00 | -21 | ZW-NNO | LABBERKOELTE | DIKKE LUCHT | MISTIGE TOT OPKLARENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278690 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-13T12:00 | 49.10 | -6.19 | 361 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | ZW | 8.00 | -21 | DOODSTIL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278691 | ||||||||||||||
| 1769-07-14T12:00 | 48.02 | -6.33 | 260 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | ZWTW 1/2 W | 13.50 | -21 | WTN | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278692 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-15T12:00 | 47.73 | -6.37 | 182 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | ZZW 1/2 W | 6.50 | -21 | ZW-ZZW | LUCHTJE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278693 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-16T12:00 | 47.57 | -7.11 | 272 | 9.3 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | W 1/2 Z | 9.50 | -21 | WNW | GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | HOGE ZEE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278694 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-17T12:00 | 47.03 | -7.38 | 273 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | W 1/2 Z | 8.50 | -20 | ZW-WNW | ZEER HOGE ZEE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278695 | |||||||||||||
| 1769-07-18T12:00 | 46.25 | -7.49 | 273 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | ZZW 1/2 W | 13.00 | -20 | W-WNW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278696 | ||||||||||||
| 1769-07-19T13:00 | 45.27 | -7.96 | 205 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0005 | VM | 8 | ZZW 1/3 W | 17.00 | -20 | W-ZW | LABBER EN DOODSTIL | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278697 | |||||||||||
| 1769-07-20T13:00 | 45.60 | -8.30 | 361 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | NW | 9.00 | -20 | DOODSTIL | GOED WEER | ZEER HOGE ZEE | OPKLARENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278698 | |||||||||||
| 1769-07-21T13:00 | 44.60 | -9.51 | 295 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | ZW | 22.00 | -20 | NNW-NW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | HOGE DEINING UIT HET NNW | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278699 | |||||||||
| 1769-07-22T13:00 | 43.80 | -10.29 | 3 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | ZW | 16.00 | -20 | NTW-NNO | LABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278700 | |||||||||||
| 1769-07-23T13:00 | 42.72 | -11.58 | 25 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | ZW | 24.00 | -20 | NO | LABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278701 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-24T13:00 | 40.55 | -12.59 | 5 | 6.7 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | ZZW | 37.50 | -18 | NOTN-NNO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278702 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-25T13:00 | 38.10 | -13.54 | 38 | 6.7 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | ZZW | 37.00 | -18 | NOTO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278703 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-26T13:00 | 35.68 | -13.93 | 354 | 4.9 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | ZTW | 39.50 | -17 | NTO | STIJVE TOT FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | DEISIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278704 | |||||||||
| 1769-07-27T13:00 | 33.30 | -14.06 | 354 | 6.7 | MCC_20_1302_0006 | VM | 8 | Z 2/3 W | 36.00 | -17 | NTO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | DEISIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278705 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-28T13:00 | 31.12 | -13.79 | 355 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | Z | 33.00 | -16 | NO-NTO | STIJVE TOT GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278706 | ||||||||||
| 1769-07-29T13:00 | 29.68 | -13.53 | 322 | 0.0 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | Z | 20.50 | -16 | NNW | LABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT STIL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278707 | ||||||||||||
| 1769-07-30T13:00 | 29.32 | -13.68 | 355 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | FORTEFENTURA, OOSTELIJKSTE LAND | ZW | LOBOS, WESTELIJKSTE LAND | ZZO | 6 | VM | 8 | ZZW | 4.00 | BEVONDEN ZICH 4°41 OOSTELIJKER DAN GEGIST. BESTEK SINDS PEILING. | -16 | NNO-NTO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278708 | ||||
| 1769-07-31T13:00 | 27.33 | -15.90 | 19 | 4.9 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | ZW | 39.00 | -15 | NOTN | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278709 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-01T13:00 | 25.95 | -17.45 | 41 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | ZW | 29.50 | -15 | NO-NOTO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278710 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-02T13:00 | 24.30 | -19.42 | 21 | 4.9 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | ZW | 38.00 | -13 | NOTN | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278711 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-03T13:00 | 22.55 | -21.32 | 32 | 4.9 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | ZW | 37.00 | -13 | NO | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278712 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-04T13:00 | 20.77 | -22.13 | 11 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0007 | VM | 8 | ZZW | 30.00 | -12 | ZZO-NNO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278713 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-05T13:00 | 18.63 | -22.15 | 33 | 4.9 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | Z | 27.00 | -12 | NNO-NO | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278714 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-06T13:00 | 17.40 | -22.15 | 361 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | Z | 23.50 | -11 | DOODSTIL | KREGEN EEN BUI UIT HET ZO | MOEILIJKE ZEE | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278715 | ||||||||||||
| 1769-08-07T13:00 | 16.87 | -22.12 | 12 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | Z 1/3 O | 8.00 | -11 | ONO-NNO | LABBER LUCHTJE | GOED WEER | HOGE ZEE UIT HET ZZO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278716 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-08T13:00 | 16.10 | -22.12 | 349 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | Z | 11.50 | -11 | N | LABBER LUCHTJE | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278717 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-09T13:00 | 15.48 | -21.78 | 327 | 1.0 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | ZZO | 12.00 | -11 | NNO-NNW | KLEIN LUCHTJE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278718 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-10T13:00 | 14.23 | -21.33 | 79 | 0.0 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | ZZO 1/3 Z | 20.00 | -11 | O | STIL | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278719 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-11T13:00 | 13.80 | -21.09 | 79 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | Z 1/3 O | 7.50 | -11 | ONO-O | LABBER LUCHTJE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278720 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-12T13:00 | 13.20 | -20.06 | 214 | 4.9 | MCC_20_1302_0008 | VM | 8 | ZO 1/2 Z | 13.00 | -11 | ZWTZ-ZW | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HOGE ZEE UIT HET Z | BUIJIGE, OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278721 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-13T13:00 | 12.10 | -19.03 | 305 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | ZO | 22.50 | -10 | WNW-NW | GEMENE KOELTE | REGEN | BUIÏGE LUCHT | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278722 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-14T13:00 | 11.15 | -17.84 | 283 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | ZO | 21.00 | -10 | NW-WNW | LABBER EN STIL | CONTINUE REGEN | DIKKE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278723 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-15T13:00 | 11.20 | -17.52 | 362 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | ONO | 2.00 | -10 | VARIABEL EN STIL | CONTINUE REGEN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278724 | |||||||||||||
| 1769-08-16T13:00 | 11.13 | -17.33 | 213 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | Z | 7.00 | -12 | ZW | LABBERKOELTE | CONTINUE REGEN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278725 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-17T13:00 | 11.47 | -17.47 | 337 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | ZW 1/2 Z | 8.00 | -12 | NTW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278726 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-18T13:00 | 9.87 | -17.42 | 281 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | Z 1/2 W | 23.00 | -12 | NW-WNW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278727 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-19T13:00 | 8.78 | -16.71 | 179 | MCC_20_1302_0009 | VM | 8 | ZZO 1/2 O | 18.00 | -12 | WTZ-ZTW | ONGELIJKE KOELTE | BUIACHTIG WEER | MET CONTINUE REGEN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278728 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-20T13:00 | 8.43 | -15.96 | 191 | 2.6 | MCC_20_1302_0010 | VM | 8 | ZO | 11.50 | -12 | ZW-ZZW | ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | BUIEN VAN REGEN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278729 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-21T13:00 | 8.15 | -14.90 | 168 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0010 | VM | 8 | ZOTO 1/3 O | 15.00 | -12 | ZZW-Z | GEMENE EN FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278730 | ||||||||||
| 1769-08-22T13:00 | 7.75 | -13.72 | 191 | 4.6 | MCC_20_1302_0010 | VM | 8 | OZO | 16.00 | -12 | ZZW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278731 | ||||||||||||
| 1769-08-23T13:00 | 7.10 | -12.65 | 192 | 6.7 | MCC_20_1302_0010 | VM | 8 | ZOTO 1/4 O | 15.50 | -11 | ZTW-ZZW | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278732 | |||||||||||
| 1769-08-24T13:00 | 6.47 | -11.50 | MCC_20_1302_0010 | CABO MISERADO | ZOTO | 3 | VM | 8 | ZOTO | 17.00 | BEVONDEN ZICH 4°27 OOSTELIJKER EN 29 WESTELIJKER DAN GEGIST. BEGIN INHANDELINGSPERIODE VAN SLAVEN. | -14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 278733 |