Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 1.848061 * Median Longitude: 11.674490 * South-bound Latitude: -36.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -33.520000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.900000 * East-bound Longitude: 105.780000

Date/Time Start: 1844-09-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1844-12-25T00:00:00

Event(s):

Walvisch_18440912_P_REIS_2B_P20-28 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1844-09-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1844-12-25T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Walvisch, Voyage: Batavia - Nieuwediep, 1st Observer: F. Schut (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
10	Landmark	Landmark		Name of second landmark
11	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the second landmark
12	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
16	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
17	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
19	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
20	Present weather	ww		Weather description
21	Precipitation description	Precip descr
22	State of the sea description	State sea descr
23	Cloud type	Cloud type
24	Clearness	Clearness
25	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
26	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
27	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
28	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
29	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
30	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
31	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
32	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1871 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	10 Landmark (Name of second landmark)	11 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark)	12 - (1 If position is considered t...)	13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	14 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	15 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	16 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	17 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	18 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	20 ww (Weather description)	21 Precip descr	22 State sea descr	23 Cloud type	24 Clearness	25 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	26 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	32 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1844-09-12T00:00			225	0.0			P BABI	NOTN	ST NICOLAAS PUNT	WTZ	1					ZW		STIL					H00	0	0	275639
1844-09-13T00:00			225				ST NICOLAAS PUNT	ONO			1					ZW						V00	H00	0	0	275640
1844-09-14T05:00	-6.08	105.78										1										V00	H00	0	0	275641
1844-09-16T05:00	-7.88	100.38	135	9.3								0	5			ZO		5				V00	H00	0	0	275642
1844-09-17T05:00	-8.87	97.67	158	9.3	1015.0	27.8						0	5	82.00	29.10	ZZO		5				V00		0	0	275643
1844-09-18T06:00	-10.15	95.12	134	9.3	1018.5	27.8						-1	5	82.00	29.20	ZO		5				V00		0	0	275644
1844-09-19T06:00	-11.52	92.35	134	12.3	1022.0	27.2						-1	6	81.00	29.30	ZO		6				V04		0	0	275645
1844-09-20T06:00	-12.92	88.43	155	12.3	1022.0	26.7						-3	6	80.00	29.30	ZZO		6			Z01	V02		0	0	275646
1844-09-21T06:00	-14.97	85.05	155	12.3	1025.5	26.7						-3	6	80.00	29.40	ZZO		6					H00	0	0	275647
1844-09-22T07:00	-16.35	81.38	154	12.3	1022.0	27.2						-4	6	81.00	29.30	ZZO		6			Z01	V10		0	0	275648
1844-09-23T07:00	-18.38	77.92	140	12.3	1025.5	25.6						-6	6	78.00	29.40	ZOTZ		6			Z01	V10		0	0	275649
1844-09-24T07:00	-20.22	74.38	128	9.3	1032.4	25.6						-7	5	78.00	29.60	ZO		5				V03		0	0	275650
1844-09-25T07:00	-21.57	71.03	83	9.3	1028.9	26.1						-7	5	79.00	29.50	O		5				V00	H00	0	0	275651
1844-09-26T07:00	-22.68	68.42	80	9.3	1025.5	25.6						-11	5	78.00	29.40	O		5				V00	H00	0	0	275652
1844-09-27T08:00	-23.83	66.48	56	6.7	1025.5	26.1						-12	4	79.00	29.40	ONO		4				V07		0	0	275653
1844-09-28T08:00	-24.27	65.05	33	2.6	1028.9	27.8						-12	2	82.00	29.50	NO		2						0	0	275654
1844-09-29T08:00	-24.80	63.80	123	1.0	1015.0	28.9						-12	1	84.00	29.10	ZO		1				V00		0	0	275655
1844-09-30T08:00	-25.10	62.52	146	9.3	1028.9	24.4						-12	5	76.00	29.50	ZZO		5				V10	H00	0	0	275656
1844-10-01T08:00	-25.55	59.98	100	6.7	1018.5	25.0						-13	4	77.00	29.20	OZO		4				V00		0	0	275657
1844-10-02T08:00	-26.03	57.48	53	9.3	1032.4	25.0						-15	5	77.00	29.60	ONO		5				V01	H00	0	0	275658
1844-10-03T08:00	-27.12	54.93	323	6.7	1032.4	26.7						-15	4	80.00	29.60	NNW		4				V00		0	0	275659
1844-10-04T09:00	-28.18	52.37	159	4.6	1028.9	24.4						-21	3	76.00	29.50	Z		3				V00	H00	0	0	275660
1844-10-05T09:00	-28.72	50.77	47	6.7	1032.4	25.0						-21	4	77.00	29.60	ONO		4				V01		0	0	275661
1844-10-06T09:00	-29.07	49.13	272	1.0	1028.9	25.6						-21	1	78.00	29.50	WNW		1						0	0	275662
1844-10-07T09:00	-29.43	48.67	58	9.3	1028.9	26.1						-21	5	79.00	29.50	OTN		5				V01		0	0	275663
1844-10-08T09:00	-30.80	45.48	292	9.3	1011.5	26.1						-23	5	79.00	29.00	NW		5				V10		0	0	275664
1844-10-09T09:00	-31.15	42.55	180	12.3	1015.0	20.0						-23	6	68.00	29.10	ZZW		6				V03		0	0	275665
1844-10-10T09:00	-29.72	39.93	212	6.7	1028.9	20.6						-24	4	69.00	29.50	ZWTW		4				V01	H00	0	0	275666
1844-10-11T09:00	-28.77	37.97	291	9.3	1028.9	25.6						-24	5	78.00	29.50	NW		5				V00		0	0	275667
1844-10-12T10:00	-29.80	35.43	109	12.3	1022.0	25.0						-26	6	77.00	29.30	ZO		6	W00		Z01			1	0	275668
1844-10-13T10:00	-31.45	33.28	109	6.7	1032.4	21.1						-26	4	70.00	29.60	ZO		4						0	0	275669
1844-10-14T10:00	-33.10	31.27	5	9.3	1032.4	20.0						-29	5	68.00	29.60	NOTN		5			Z01	V10		0	0	275670
1844-10-15T10:00	-34.93	28.18	219	4.6	1015.0	21.1						-29	3	70.00	29.10	WZW		3				V00		0	0	275671
1844-10-16T10:00	-34.88	26.98	151	4.6	1015.0	20.6						-29	3	69.00	29.10	Z		3		W21		V05		0	1	275672
1844-10-17T10:00	-35.23	24.83	151	12.3	1018.5	18.3						-29	6	65.00	29.20	Z		6				V03		0	0	275673
1844-10-18T11:00	-36.83	19.43	174	6.7	1032.4	18.3						-29	4	65.00	29.60	ZZW		4				V00		0	0	275674
1844-10-19T11:00	-36.50	18.10	252	6.7	1028.9	17.2						-29	4	63.00	29.50	WTN		4				V01		0	0	275675
1844-10-20T11:00	-35.08	17.53	151	9.3	1028.9	18.3						-29	5	65.00	29.50	Z		5				V05		0	0	275676
1844-10-21T11:00	-33.53	14.30	85	9.3	1032.4	17.2						-28	5	63.00	29.60	OZO		5				V01		0	0	275677
1844-10-22T11:00	-31.13	11.35	176	9.3	1022.0	17.8						-27	5	64.00	29.30	ZZW		5				V01	H00	0	0	275678
1844-10-23T11:00	-29.33	9.00	108	9.3	1022.0	18.3						-27	5	65.00	29.30	ZO		5				V05		0	0	275679
1844-10-24T12:00	-27.65	7.23	109	4.6	1025.5	18.9						-26	3	66.00	29.40	ZO		3					H01	0	0	275680
1844-10-25T12:00	-26.28	5.55	132	9.3	1025.5	18.3						-26	5	65.00	29.40	ZZO		5				V01	H00	0	0	275681
1844-10-26T12:00	-24.55	3.42	98	9.3	1028.9	19.4						-26	5	67.00	29.50	ZOTO		5				V10		0	0	275682
1844-10-27T12:00	-22.27	1.05	66	9.3	1028.9	19.4						-24	5	67.00	29.50	O		5				V01		0	0	275683
1844-10-28T12:00	-19.72	-1.28	100	9.3	1028.9	20.0						-24	5	68.00	29.50	ZOTO		5					H01, H00	0	0	275684
1844-10-29T12:00	-17.33	-3.23	102	9.3								-22	5			ZOTO		5				V05		0	0	275685
1844-10-30T12:00	-15.97	-5.32			1025.5	22.8						-22		73.00	29.40							V06		0	0	275686
1844-11-01T12:00	-14.35	-7.10	113	4.6	1026.9	25.0						-22	3	77.00	29.44	ZO		3				V00	H00	0	0	275687
1844-11-02T13:00	-13.00	-8.22	114	4.6	1022.0	26.1						-21	3	79.00	29.30	ZO		3				V00		0	0	275688
1844-11-03T13:00	-11.92	-9.57	115	4.6	1022.0	26.1						-20	3	79.00	29.30	ZO		3				V00		0	0	275689
1844-11-04T13:00	-10.72	-11.08	115	6.7	1022.0	25.6						-20	4	78.00	29.30	ZO		4				V01		0	0	275690
1844-11-05T13:00	-9.10	-12.40	104	6.7								-20	4			ZOTO		4				V05		0	0	275691
1844-11-06T13:00	-7.08	-14.08	116	6.7	1022.0	27.8						-19	4	82.00	29.30	ZO		4				V01	H00	0	0	275692
1844-11-07T13:00	-5.12	-15.45	127	9.3	1022.0	27.8						-19	5	82.00	29.30	ZOTZ		5				V00	H00	0	0	275693
1844-11-08T13:00	-3.00	-16.82	116	9.3	1022.0	27.2						-19	5	81.00	29.30	ZO		5				V01		0	0	275694
1844-11-09T13:00	-0.83	-18.45	107	9.3	1022.0	27.2						-17	5	81.00	29.30	ZOTO		5				V01		0	0	275695
1844-11-10T13:00	1.30	-19.70	118	6.7	1022.0	28.3						-17	4	83.00	29.30	ZO		4				V01		0	0	275696
1844-11-11T13:00	3.52	-20.75	152	6.7	1022.0	28.9						-17	4	84.00	29.30	ZTO		4				V10		0	0	275697
1844-11-12T13:00	5.00	-21.10	118	4.6	1018.5	28.9						-17	3	84.00	29.20	ZO		3				V03	H00	0	0	275698
1844-11-13T13:00	6.02	-20.92	51	2.6	1018.5	28.3						-17	2	83.00	29.20	ONO		2				V01	H00	0	0	275699
1844-11-14T13:00	6.93	-21.10	163	4.6								-17	3			Z		3		W20		V10		0	1	275700
1844-11-15T13:00	7.88	-21.68	38	6.7								-18	4			NOTO		4		W21		V10		0	1	275701
1844-11-16T13:00	9.92	-22.32	27	9.3	1018.5	28.9						-18	5	84.00	29.20	NO		5				V00	H00	0	0	275702
1844-11-17T14:00	12.35	-24.45	7	9.3	1018.5	28.3						-16	5	83.00	29.20	NNO		5				V01	H00	0	0	275703
1844-11-18T14:00	14.45	-26.60	17	9.3	1022.0	26.7						-17	5	80.00	29.30	NOTN		5				V01		0	0	275704
1844-11-19T14:00	16.92	-28.90	19	9.3								-15	5			NOTN		5				V01		0	0	275705
1844-11-20T14:00	19.68	-30.47	29	9.3	1025.5	25.6						-16	5	78.00	29.40	NO		5				V01	H00	0	0	275706
1844-11-21T14:00	22.57	-31.60	38	9.3	1025.5	25.0						-18	5	77.00	29.40	NOTO		5				V01		0	0	275707
1844-11-22T14:00	25.65	-32.50	38	9.3	1028.9	25.6						-18	5	78.00	29.50	NOTO		5				V01	H00	0	0	275708
1844-11-23T14:00	28.50	-32.13	25	4.6	1028.9	29.4						-20	3	85.00	29.50	NO		3				V01	H00	0	0	275709
1844-11-24T14:00	29.50	-33.52	320	4.6	1025.5	28.9						-18	3	84.00	29.40	NNW		3	W00			V10		1	0	275710
1844-11-25T14:00	30.62	-32.17	3	4.6	1025.5	27.2						-20	3	81.00	29.40	NNO		3				V01	H00	0	0	275711
1844-11-26T14:00	31.12	-32.47	25	4.6								-20	3			NO		3				V00		0	0	275712
1844-11-27T14:00	32.12	-32.60	162	1.0	1028.9	30.0						-18	1	86.00	29.50	Z		1				V04		0	0	275713
1844-11-28T14:00	32.60	-32.23	181	4.6	1028.9	27.2						-22	3	81.00	29.50	ZZW	S01	3						0	0	275714
1844-11-29T14:00	34.18	-31.42	203	4.6	1025.5	27.2						-22	3	81.00	29.40	ZW		3				V01		0	0	275715
1844-11-30T14:00	35.23	-30.58	203	2.6	1025.5	28.3						-22	2	83.00	29.40	ZW	S01	2				V04		0	0	275716
1844-12-01T14:00	36.33	-29.47	203	6.7								-22	4			ZW		4				V01	H00	0	0	275717
1844-12-02T14:00	37.48	-27.60	362	4.6	1032.4	22.8						-22	3	73.00	29.60	OMLOPEND		3						0	0	275718
1844-12-03T14:00	38.23	-26.78	200	4.6	1028.9	22.8						-25	3	73.00	29.50	ZW		3				V01		0	0	275719
1844-12-04T14:00	39.22	-24.68	178	6.7	1025.5	25.6						-25	4	78.00	29.40	ZZW		4				V01		0	0	275720
1844-12-05T13:00	40.05	-22.12	336	15.4								-24	7			N		7	W00			V10		1	0	275721
1844-12-06T13:00	40.20	-20.18	336	15.4	1022.0	14.4						-24	7	58.00	29.30	N		7				V10		0	0	275722
1844-12-07T13:00	41.12	-18.22	21	2.6	1015.0							-24	2		29.10	NO		2				V00		0	0	275723
1844-12-08T13:00	41.38	-18.13	362	6.7	1011.5	16.1						-24	4	61.00	29.00	RONDLOPEND		4		W21				0	1	275724
1844-12-09T13:00	42.57	-17.38	19	9.3	1022.0	17.8						-26	5	64.00	29.30	NO		5			Z01	V01		0	0	275725
1844-12-10T13:00	42.95	-18.57	299	6.7	1025.5	15.6						-27	4	60.00	29.40	NWTN		4					H00	0	0	275726
1844-12-11T13:00	43.93	-17.10	334	9.3								-26	5			N		5				V10		0	0	275727
1844-12-12T13:00	44.68	-14.43	154	15.4	1004.5	13.9						-26	7	57.00	28.80	Z		7	W00	W20				1	1	275728
1844-12-13T13:00	46.82	-10.22	201	12.3	987.1	12.8						-25	6	55.00	28.30	ZW		6				V10		0	0	275729
1844-12-14T13:00	48.18	-8.17	108	9.3	997.6	14.4						-27	5	58.00	28.60	ZO		5				V01	H00	0	0	275730
1844-12-15T12:00	49.57	-5.60	88	19.0								-25	8			OZO		8			Z01	V10		0	0	275731
1844-12-16T12:00	49.72	-5.17	110	12.3							1	-25	6			ZO		6			Z01	V01	H00	0	0	275732
1844-12-17T12:00	50.30	-1.32	135	9.3							1	-23	5			ZZO		5				V05		0	0	275733
1844-12-18T12:00	50.60	0.35	112	4.6							1	-23	3			ZO		3				V05		0	0	275734
1844-12-19T00:00			68	12.3			TRIANGIL	NW	ZUID VOORLAND	WZW	1		6			ONO		6				V01		0	0	275735
1844-12-20T12:00	51.33	2.27	45	15.4							1	-23	7			ONO		7				V01		0	0	275736
1844-12-21T12:00	51.47	2.35	67	19.0							1	-23	8			O		8				V01		0	0	275737
1844-12-22T12:00	51.90	2.35	67	15.4							1	-23	7			O		7			Z01			0	0	275738
1844-12-23T12:00	51.83	2.18									1	-23												0	0	275739
1844-12-25T00:00											1													0	0	275740