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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during UNKNOWN-10 cruise from Rotterdam to Java started at 1849-03-19 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752586, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -12.169903 * Median Longitude: 17.232136 * South-bound Latitude: -41.700000 * West-bound Longitude: -31.730000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.480000 * East-bound Longitude: 105.120000
Date/Time Start: 1849-03-19T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-06-29T05:00:00
Event(s):
Unknown-10_18490319_G_REIS_N51_P220-238 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -7.500000 * Longitude End: 101.850000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-03-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-06-29T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Voyage: Rotterdam - Java
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
18 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
19 FogFog1 If fog was reported
20 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
21 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
22 HailHail1 If hail was reported
23 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
24 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1995 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
18 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
19 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
20 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
21 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
22 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
23 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
24 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1849-03-19T12:0051.482.182262.61VM8-222WZW20000000262451
1849-03-20T12:0050.600.18689.31VM8-225O50000000262452
1849-03-21T12:0049.93-1.501139.31VM8-225ZO50000000262453
1849-03-22T12:0050.12-3.022011.01VM8-241ZW10000000262454
1849-03-23T12:0048.83-6.62669.3VM8-245O50000000262455
1849-03-24T13:0047.00-9.955512.3VM8-246OTN60000000262456
1849-03-25T13:0044.85-13.184212.3VM8-266ONO60000000262457
1849-03-26T13:0041.98-14.402112.3VM8-246NO60000000262458
1849-03-27T13:0039.07-15.752112.3VM8-246NO60000000262459
1849-03-28T13:0035.53-17.2329315.4VM8-227NW70000000262460
1849-03-29T13:0032.30-18.9829422.6VM8-219NW90000000262461
1849-03-30T13:0029.90-19.903179.3VM8-215NNW50000000262462
1849-03-31T13:0028.82-20.032041.0VM8-211ZW10000000262463
1849-04-01T13:0026.68-20.202956.7VM8-204NW40000000262464
1849-04-02T13:0023.67-21.63259.31005.822.2VM8-20572.0029.70NO50000000262465
1849-04-03T14:0021.77-23.63279.31012.622.2VM8-18572.0029.90NO50000000262466
1849-04-04T14:0019.27-25.15274.61012.623.3VM8-18374.0029.90NO30000000262467
1849-04-05T14:0016.40-26.02514.61014.023.9VM8-17375.0029.94ONO30000000262468
1849-04-06T14:0013.88-25.17514.61022.824.4VM8-17376.0030.20ONO30000000262469
1849-04-07T14:0011.35-24.03639.31012.625.0VM8-16577.0029.90OTN50000000262470
1849-04-08T14:008.58-22.87744.61022.825.6VM8-16378.0030.20O30000000262471
1849-04-09T13:006.37-21.30519.31016.026.7VM8-17580.0030.00ONO50000000262472
1849-04-10T13:004.77-20.43282.61016.026.7VM8-17280.0030.00NO20000000262473
1849-04-11T13:003.52-20.233432.61018.429.4VM8-17285.0030.07N20000000262474
1849-04-12T13:003.15-20.231632.61018.428.9VM8-17284.0030.07Z20000000262475
1849-04-13T13:003.23-20.403430.01018.030.0VM8-17086.0030.06N00000000262476
1849-04-14T13:003.10-20.172192.61018.030.6VM8-17287.0030.06ZWTW20000000262477
1849-04-15T13:002.55-19.872082.61017.328.9VM8-17284.0030.04ZW20000000262478
1849-04-16T13:002.28-19.721632.61017.326.1VM8-17279.0030.04Z20000000262479
1849-04-17T13:002.48-19.651860.01017.325.6VM8-17078.0030.04ZZW00000000262480
1849-04-18T13:002.25-19.252980.01029.526.1VM8-17079.0030.40NW00000000262481
1849-04-19T13:001.53-19.701182.61017.326.1VM8-17279.0030.04ZO20000000262482
1849-04-20T13:00-0.02-20.801184.61019.428.9VM8-17384.0030.10ZO30000000262483
1849-04-21T14:00-1.62-22.6715412.31017.330.0VM8-15686.0030.04ZTO60000000262484
1849-04-22T14:00-3.87-23.9512112.31021.432.2VM8-14690.0030.16ZO60000000262485
1849-04-23T14:00-5.47-24.4312112.31022.834.4VM8-14694.0030.20ZO60000000262486
1849-04-24T14:00-6.40-25.051211.01022.832.2VM8-14190.0030.20ZO10000000262487
1849-04-25T14:00-7.88-25.481212.61022.832.2VM8-14290.0030.20ZO20000000262488
1849-04-26T14:00-10.12-26.8712112.3VM8-146ZO60000000262489
1849-04-27T14:00-12.35-28.731474.61026.130.0VM8-11386.0030.30ZZO30000000262490
1849-04-28T14:00-13.63-29.971482.61026.132.2VM8-10290.0030.30ZZO20000000262491
1849-04-29T14:00-14.73-30.531251.01026.132.2VM8-10190.0030.30ZO10000000262492
1849-04-30T14:00-16.42-31.031254.61023.429.4VM8-10385.0030.22ZO30000000262493
1849-05-01T14:00-19.13-30.5310412.31023.428.9VM8-9684.0030.22OZO60000000262494
1849-05-02T14:00-20.90-31.581712.61026.126.7VM8-9280.0030.30Z20000000262495
1849-05-03T14:00-22.88-31.731272.61026.126.1VM8-8279.0030.30ZO20000000262496
1849-05-04T14:00-24.28-30.90822.61022.825.0VM8-8277.0030.20O20000000262497
1849-05-05T14:00-25.32-28.733712.31019.425.6VM8-8678.0030.10NO60000000262498
1849-05-06T14:00-27.30-24.782212.31012.625.6VM8-12678.0029.90NOTN60000000262499
1849-05-07T13:00-28.38-20.4534612.31012.624.4VM8-14676.0029.90N60000000262500
1849-05-08T13:00-29.62-16.8735412.31019.423.9VM8-17675.0030.10NTO60000000262501
1849-05-09T13:00-30.47-13.402769.31019.421.1VM8-17570.0030.10WNW50000000262502
1849-05-10T13:00-30.88-9.6718315.41019.420.6VM8-20769.0030.10ZZW70000000262503
1849-05-11T12:00-29.80-7.3214712.31019.420.0VM8-22668.0030.10ZTO60000000262504
1849-05-12T12:00-30.68-7.321022.61026.120.0VM8-22268.0030.30ZOTO20000000262505
1849-05-13T12:00-31.55-5.973382.61029.520.0VM8-22268.0030.40N20000000262506
1849-05-14T12:00-33.32-3.873284.61026.121.7VM8-21371.0030.30NTW30000000262507
1849-05-15T12:00-34.27-1.153144.61026.121.1VM8-24370.0030.30NNW30000000262508
1849-05-16T12:00-35.05-0.351112.61026.125.6VM8-24278.0030.30ZO20000000262509
1849-05-17T12:00-36.352.17444.61022.825.6VM8-24378.0030.20ONO30000000262510
1849-05-18T12:00-37.575.9531312.31019.423.3VM8-25674.0030.10NNW60000000262511
1849-05-19T11:00-37.689.422884.61016.021.1VM8-27370.0030.00NW30000000262512
1849-05-20T11:00-37.4812.973209.31022.823.3VM8-29574.0030.20NTW50000000262513
1849-05-21T11:00-37.7716.433092.61022.820.0VM8-29268.0030.20NNW20000000262514
1849-05-22T11:00-37.9318.171619.31026.121.7VM8-30571.0030.30ZTW50000000262515
1849-05-23T11:00-37.5719.882852.61026.123.3VM8-30274.0030.30NW20000000262516
1849-05-24T10:00-38.7323.3228412.31021.120.0VM8-31668.0030.15NW60000000262517
1849-05-25T10:00-38.4527.9223912.31022.817.8VM8-31664.0030.20W60000000262518
1849-05-26T10:00-38.4730.582399.31024.518.3VM8-31565.0030.25W50000000262519
1849-05-27T10:00-38.6334.5528415.41026.120.0VM8-31768.0030.30NW70000000262520
1849-05-28T09:00-38.9538.003089.31011.921.1VM8-30570.0029.88NNW50000000262521
1849-05-29T09:00-38.0041.1328512.31014.618.9VM8-30666.0029.96NW60000000262522
1849-05-30T09:00-37.2543.0315419.01024.116.1VM8-26861.0030.24Z80000000262523
1849-05-31T09:00-39.4843.556115.41028.918.3VM8-29765.0030.38O70000000262524
1849-06-01T09:00-41.5046.273912.31016.015.6VM8-29660.0030.00ONO60000000262525
1849-06-02T09:00-41.7047.473622.6994.611.7VM8-29253.0029.37VARIABEL20000000262526
1849-06-03T09:00-40.8048.2216326.81009.211.1VM8-281052.0029.80ZTW100000000262527
1849-06-04T08:00-39.3555.9026612.31011.212.2VM8-27654.0029.86WNW60000000262528
1849-06-05T08:00-39.1860.6724419.01012.615.6VM8-26860.0029.90W80000000262529
1849-06-06T08:00-39.1765.2324515.41008.515.6VM8-25760.0029.78W70000000262530
1849-06-07T07:00-38.7769.8720130.91016.015.6VM8-241160.0030.00ZW110000000262531
1849-06-08T07:00-38.1873.7524715.41039.716.1VM8-23761.0030.70W70000000262532
1849-06-09T07:00-37.3277.223429.31043.118.9VM8-18566.0030.80N50000000262533
1849-06-10T07:00-39.3280.602712.61019.421.1VM8-22270.0030.10WNW20000000262534
1849-06-11T06:00-37.7784.733399.31005.818.9VM8-21566.0029.70N50000000262535
1849-06-12T06:00-38.4086.6333930.9987.927.8VM8-211182.0029.17N110000000262536
1849-06-13T06:00-37.3589.7532326.81002.430.0VM8-151086.0029.60NNW100000000262537
1849-06-14T06:00-35.8594.773029.31008.216.7VM8-13562.0029.77NW50000000262538
1849-06-15T06:00-34.9795.503621.01005.815.6VM8-13160.0029.70VARIABEL10000000262539
1849-06-16T06:00-33.6896.352121.01005.814.4VM8-13158.0029.70ZW10000000262540
1849-06-17T05:00-31.0398.4221612.31012.616.7VM8-9662.0029.90ZW60000000262541
1849-06-18T05:00-30.20100.622169.31025.117.8VM8-9564.0030.27ZW50000000262542
1849-06-19T05:00-26.25101.351639.31022.821.1VM8-6570.0030.20ZTO50000000262543
1849-06-20T05:00-24.77102.053091.01022.823.3VM8-6174.0030.20NW10000000262544
1849-06-21T05:00-23.45102.733102.6VM8-52NW20000000262545
1849-06-22T05:00-20.78102.9015512.31019.422.8VM8-3673.0030.10ZZO60000000262546
1849-06-23T05:00-17.28103.5315712.31016.022.8VM8-1673.0030.00ZZO60000000262547
1849-06-24T05:00-14.83103.85896.71019.423.3VM8-1474.0030.10O40000000262548
1849-06-25T05:00-13.57103.581001.01019.426.7VM8-1180.0030.10OTZ10000000262549
1849-06-26T05:00-13.75104.03671.01019.428.9VM8-1184.0030.10ONO10000000262550
1849-06-27T05:00-13.47103.830.01019.426.7VM8-180.0030.10STIL0000000262551
1849-06-28T05:00-12.08104.881801.01019.4VM80130.10Z10000000262552
1849-06-29T05:00-9.32105.1211312.31043.128.9VM80684.0030.80OZO60000000262553