Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -12.116792 * Median Longitude: 20.584623 * South-bound Latitude: -40.020000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.700000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.600000 * East-bound Longitude: 105.000000

Date/Time Start: 1844-12-01T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1845-03-17T00:00:00

Event(s):

Unknown-09_18441201_H_REIS_12_P273-295 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1844-12-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1845-03-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Voyage: Nieuwendiep - Batavia

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
12	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
13	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
14	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
15	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
16	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
17	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
18	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
20	State of the sea description	State sea descr
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2304 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 - (1 If position is considered t...)	9 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	10 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	11 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	12 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	13 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	14 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	15 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	16 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	17 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	18 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	20 State sea descr	28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1844-12-01T12:00	51.60	2.50	67	4.6	1009.2	5.6	1	VM	8	ZW	26.50	BIJ DE WINDRICHTINGEN STAAN WEDEROM DE ONBEKENDE TEKENS ZOALS EERDER BIJ DE LOOPUIJT_1845.	-23	3	42.00	29.80	O	3		262231
1844-12-02T12:00	50.27	-1.27	123	9.3	1012.6	6.1	1	VM	8	ZWTW 1/3 W	40.00		-23	5	43.00	29.90	ZOTZ	5		262232
1844-12-03T12:00	49.02	-5.77	20	9.3	1016.0	6.1		VM	8	WZW 1/4 Z	48.25		-25		43.00	30.00	NO	4-5		262233
1844-12-04T12:00	48.72	-6.40	290	2.6	1012.6	7.8		VM	8	ZW 2/3 W	8.00		-25	2	46.00	29.90	NW	2		262234
1844-12-05T13:00	47.60	-7.80	97	2.6	1016.0	10.0		VM	8	ZW 1/2 Z	22.00		-27		50.00	30.00	ZOTO	1-2		262235
1844-12-06T13:00	44.97	-10.42	89	9.3	1009.2	11.7		VM	8	ZWTZ	48.00		-25	5	53.00	29.80	OZO	5		262236
1844-12-07T13:00	43.47	-12.00	111	6.7	1009.2	12.2		VM	8	ZW 2/3 Z	27.75		-25	4	54.00	29.80	ZO	4		262237
1844-12-08T13:00	41.42	-15.93	122	4.6	1005.8	13.3		VM	8	ZW 3/4 Z	39.00		-24	3	56.00	29.70	ZOTZ	3		262238
1844-12-09T13:00	38.38	-16.33	100	12.3	1016.0	15.6		VM	8	ZZW	50.00		-24	6	60.00	30.00	ZOTO	6	HOGE NW DEINING	262239
1844-12-10T13:00	35.97	-16.22	12	9.3	1019.4	15.6		VM	8	ZTW	38.00		-22	5	60.00	30.10	NOTN	5		262240
1844-12-11T13:00	33.47	-17.58	259	6.7	1016.0	15.6		VM	8	ZZW	42.00		-22	4	60.00	30.00	WTN	4		262241
1844-12-12T13:00	30.38	-17.90	249	12.3	1009.2	17.8		VM	8	Z 1/2 W	46.00		-21	6	64.00	29.80	W	6		262242
1844-12-13T13:00	29.35	-18.12	227	6.7	1012.6	18.9		VM	8	Z 7/8 W	15.00		-21	4	66.00	29.90	WZW	4		262243
1844-12-14T13:00	28.28	-18.40	227	9.3	1012.6	21.1		VM	8	Z	15.50		-21		70.00	29.90	WZW	4-5		262244
1844-12-15T13:00	25.68	-18.23	250	9.3				VM	8	ZTW 1/2 W	31.00		-20				W	4-5		262245
1844-12-16T13:00	23.87	-18.87	340	4.6	1016.0	21.1		VM	8	ZTW 1/2 W	29.00		-20	3	70.00	30.00	N	3		262246
1844-12-17T13:00	21.77	-19.53	26	6.7	1019.4	22.2		VM	8	ZTW	32.00		-19	4	72.00	30.10	NO	4		262247
1844-12-18T13:00	18.52	-20.32	26	9.3	1012.6	22.2		VM	8	ZTW	50.00		-19	5	72.00	29.90	NO	5		262248
1844-12-19T13:00	15.15	-20.82	16	9.3	1012.6	22.2		VM	8	ZTW	52.00		-18	5	72.00	29.90	NOTN	5		262249
1844-12-20T13:00	12.13	-20.05	342	6.7	1012.6	24.4		VM	8	ZTO 1/2 O	48.00		-18	4	76.00	29.90	N	4		262250
1844-12-21T13:00	9.02	-19.90	5	9.3	1009.2	26.7		VM	8	Z	47.00		-18	5	80.00	29.80	NNO	5		262251
1844-12-22T13:00	7.87	-19.58	72	0.0	1012.6	27.8		VM	8	ZTO	18.00		-18		82.00	29.90	O	1-0		262252
1844-12-23T13:00	6.88	-18.97	51	2.6	1012.6	27.8		VM	8	ZZO	16.50		-17		82.00	29.90	ONO	1-2		262253
1844-12-24T13:00	5.87	-18.95	96	2.6	1012.6	27.8		VM	8	Z	15.50		-17	2	82.00	29.90	OZO	2		262254
1844-12-25T13:00	5.62	-19.22	84	0.0	1012.6	27.8		VM	8	Z	4.00		-17		82.00	29.90	OTZ	1-0		262255
1844-12-26T13:00	5.23	-18.83	96	0.0	1012.6	27.8		VM	8	Z	6.00		-17		82.00	29.90	OZO	1-0		262256
1844-12-27T13:00	4.70	-19.22	361		1016.0	27.8		VM	8	ZWTZ	10.00		-17		82.00	30.00	STIL			262257
1844-12-28T13:00	4.70	-19.60	361		1016.0	27.8		VM	8				-17		82.00	30.00	STIL			262258
1844-12-29T13:00	4.35	-19.97	361		1016.0	27.8		VM	8	ZW	8.00		-17		82.00	30.00	STIL			262259
1844-12-30T13:00	4.22	-19.97	361		1016.0	28.9		VM	8	Z	1.50		-17		84.00	30.00	STIL			262260
1844-12-31T13:00	3.95	-20.37	361		1012.6	27.8		VM	8	ZW	6.00		-17		82.00	29.90	STIL			262261
1845-01-01T13:00	2.77	-21.48	129	2.6	1012.6	28.9		VM	8	ZW	25.50		-17	2	84.00	29.90	ZOTZ	2		262262
1845-01-02T14:00	1.15	-22.67	121	2.6	1012.6	28.9		VM	8	ZWTZ	30.00		-14	2	84.00	29.90	ZO	2		262263
1845-01-03T14:00	-0.50	-24.33	132	9.3	1012.6	28.9		VM	8	ZW	35.50		-14	5	84.00	29.90	ZOTZ	5		262264
1845-01-04T14:00	-2.28	-25.72	127	6.7	1009.2	27.8		VM	8	ZW 7/8 Z	33.75		-14	4	82.00	29.80	ZO 1/2 Z	4		262265
1845-01-05T14:00	-4.37	-27.00	115	4.6	1009.2	27.8		VM	8	ZZW 1/2 W	36.00		-14	3	82.00	29.80	ZO 1/2 O	3		262266
1845-01-06T14:00	-7.10	-28.17	118	6.7	1009.2	27.8		VM	8	ZTW 2/3 W	43.00		-11	4	82.00	29.80	ZO 1/2 O	4		262267
1845-01-07T14:00	-9.98	-29.33	119	9.3	1009.2	27.8		VM	8	ZZW	47.00		-10	5	82.00	29.80	ZO 1/2 O	5		262268
1845-01-08T14:00	-12.67	-29.70	114	9.3	1012.6	28.3		VM	8	ZTW	42.00		-10		83.00	29.90	ZOTO	4-5		262269
1845-01-09T14:00	-14.95	-29.68	91	6.7	1016.0	28.9		VM	8	Z	35.00		-10	4	84.00	30.00	OTZ	4		262270
1845-01-10T14:00	-16.93	-29.45	86	4.6	1016.0	28.9		VM	8	ZTO	30.00		-10	3	84.00	30.00	O 1/2 Z	3		262271
1845-01-11T14:00	-19.08	-29.08	87	6.7	1016.0	27.8		VM	8	Z 7/8 O	33.00		-9	4	82.00	30.00	O 1/2 Z	4		262272
1845-01-12T14:00	-21.05	-28.42	75	4.6	1019.4	27.8		VM	8	ZZO 1/8 Z	30.75		-9	3	82.00	30.10	O 1/2 N	3		262273
1845-01-13T14:00	-22.88	-26.22	45	6.7	1016.0	27.8		VM	8	ZO	39.00		-11	4	82.00	30.00	NOTO	4		262274
1845-01-14T14:00	-24.98	-22.97	12	9.3	1016.0	27.8		VM	8	ZOTO	56.00		-11	5	82.00	30.00	NNO	5		262275
1845-01-15T13:00	-26.20	-20.70	324	6.7	1016.0	27.8		VM	8	ZOTO	33.00		-14	4	82.00	30.00	NNW	4		262276
1845-01-16T13:00	-26.23	-20.23	189	0.0	1016.0	26.7		VM	8	OZO	15.00		-14		80.00	30.00	ZZW	1-0	HOGE W DEINING	262277
1845-01-17T13:00	-27.23	-20.03	361		1016.0	26.7		VM	8	ZTO 1/8 O	11.25		-14		80.00	30.00	STIL			262278
1845-01-18T13:00	-29.58	-20.03	94	6.7	1022.8	25.6		VM	8	Z	33.00		-13	4	78.00	30.20	OTZ 1/2 Z	4		262279
1845-01-19T13:00	-31.52	-18.08	71	4.6	1022.8	24.4		VM	8	ZZO	32.00		-13	3	76.00	30.20	O 1/2 N	3		262280
1845-01-20T13:00	-32.38	-17.43	57	2.6	1022.8	25.6		VM	8	ZOTZ	16.00		-16	2	78.00	30.20	OTN 1/2 N	2		262281
1845-01-21T13:00	-32.58	-15.93	289	1.0	1019.4	23.3		VM	8	OTZ	18.00		-15	1	74.00	30.10	NWTW	1		262282
1845-01-22T13:00	-32.90	-14.90	255	2.6				VM	8	OZO	15.00		-15	2			W	2		262283
1845-01-23T13:00	-33.57	-12.37	286	4.6	1016.0	24.4		VM	8	OZO	30.00		-18	3	76.00	30.00	NWTW	3		262284
1845-01-24T13:00	-34.80	-9.93	286	9.3	1016.0	23.3		VM	8	OZO 1/2 Z	39.00		-18	5	74.00	30.00	NWTW	5		262285
1845-01-25T13:00	-35.10	-8.93	140	2.6	1012.6	22.2		VM	8	ZOTO	56.00		-18	2	72.00	29.90	ZZO	2		262286
1845-01-26T12:00	-36.37	-5.52	317	9.3	1005.8	21.1		VM	8	OZO	50.00		-21	5	70.00	29.70	NNW	5		262287
1845-01-27T12:00	-35.05	-1.38	123	9.3	1012.6	20.0		VM	8	ONO	52.00		-23	5	68.00	29.90	ZOTZ	5		262288
1845-01-28T20:00	-35.40	-0.43	123	4.6	1019.4	20.0		PV	8	ZOTO 7/8 O	12.75		-23	3	68.00	30.10	ZOTZ	3		262289
1845-01-29T12:00	-36.55	0.77	45	2.6	1022.8	24.4		VM	8	ZOTZ	21.00		-23	2	76.00	30.20	ONO	2		262290
1845-01-30T12:00	-37.45	4.33	335	6.7	1022.8	24.4		VM	8	OTZ 2/3 Z	45.00		-25	4	76.00	30.20	N	4		262291
1845-01-31T11:00	-38.07	8.52	311	9.3	1012.6	23.3		VM	8	OTZ	50.00		-27	5	74.00	29.90	NNW	5		262292
1845-02-01T11:00	-38.42	12.48	198	6.7	1016.0	23.3		VM	8	O 1/2 Z	48.00		-27	4	74.00	30.00	ZW	4		262293
1845-02-02T11:00	-38.32	14.23	124	2.6	1012.6	17.8		VM	8	O 1/2 N	21.00		-28	2	64.00	29.90	ZZO 1/2 O	2		262294
1845-02-03T11:00	-38.72	18.05	195	9.3	1009.2	17.8		VM	8	O 1/2 Z	48.00		-30	5	64.00	29.80	ZW	5		262295
1845-02-04T11:00	-38.72	18.95	128	2.6	1005.8	18.9		VM	8	O	12.00		-30	2	66.00	29.70	ZZO	2		262296
1845-02-05T10:00	-39.93	22.67	263	9.3	999.1	18.9		VM	8	OZO	50.00		-30	5	66.00	29.50	WNW	5		262297
1845-02-06T10:00	-40.02	26.78	263	12.3	992.3	16.7		VM	8	O 1/8 Z	48.00		-30	6	62.00	29.30	WNW	6		262298
1845-02-07T10:00	-39.53	31.03	239	15.4	999.1	17.8		VM	8	O 2/3 N	57.75		-31	7	64.00	29.50	W	7		262299
1845-02-08T10:00	-38.60	35.73	228	12.3	1002.4	17.8		VM	8	O 7/8 N	54.00		-31	6	64.00	29.60	WTZ	6		262300
1845-02-09T09:00	-38.60	38.03	184	6.7	1012.6	17.8		VM	8	OTN	28.00		-30	4	64.00	29.90	ZWTZ	4		262301
1845-02-10T09:00	-39.07	41.37	319	4.6	1005.8	18.9		VM	8	OTZ	36.00		-30	3	66.00	29.70	NTW	3		262302
1845-02-11T09:00	-39.23	46.48	196	15.4	1005.8	17.8		VM	8	O 1/3 Z	60.00		-29	7	64.00	29.70	ZW	7		262303
1845-02-12T09:00	-39.07	51.05	242	12.3	1002.4	16.7		VM	8	O	56.00		-28	6	62.00	29.60	W	6		262304
1845-02-13T08:00	-38.87	55.13	164	12.3	1005.8	15.6		VM	8	O 1/4 N	50.00		-27	6	60.00	29.70	ZTW	6		262305
1845-02-14T08:00	-38.62	57.58	143	6.7	1016.0	17.8		VM	8	O 1/2 N	28.00		-26	4	64.00	30.00	ZTO	4		262306
1845-02-15T08:00	-39.17	61.20	289	9.3	1016.0	18.9		VM	8	O 7/8 Z	43.00		-26	5	66.00	30.00	NW	5		262307
1845-02-16T08:00	-39.22	63.87	256	4.6	1016.0	18.9		VM	8	O	30.00		-25	3	66.00	30.00	WTN	3		262308
1845-02-17T07:00	-39.12	68.40	314	6.7	1005.8	18.9		VM	8	O	45.00		-24	4	66.00	29.70	NNW	4		262309
1845-02-18T07:00	-39.15	72.75	213	6.7	1012.6	16.7		VM	8	O	40.00		-23	4	62.00	29.90	ZWTW	4		262310
1845-02-19T07:00	-38.47	76.97	202	9.3	1009.2	16.7		VM	8	OTN	52.00		-23	5	62.00	29.80	ZW	5		262311
1845-02-20T07:00	-37.88	79.90	137	6.7	1019.4	18.9		VM	8	ONO 3/4 O	34.50		-21	4	66.00	30.10	ZZO	4		262312
1845-02-21T07:00	-37.33	80.43	73	1.0	1022.8	18.9		VM	8	NOTN	10.00		-17	1	66.00	30.20	O	1		262313
1845-02-22T07:00	-36.38	82.48	242	4.6	1016.0	18.9		VM	8	ONO 1/2 N	30.00		-17	3	66.00	30.00	WTZ	3		262314
1845-02-23T06:00	-35.85	83.60	143	2.6	1022.8	20.0		VM	8	NOTO	16.00		-15	2	68.00	30.20	ZZO	2		262315
1845-02-24T06:00	-36.38	84.48	58	4.6	1022.8	20.0		VM	8	ZO 1/3 O	12.50		-15	3	68.00	30.20	ONO 1/2 O	3		262316
1845-02-25T06:00	-36.80	86.03	24	4.6	1019.4	20.0		VM	8	OZO 1/3 O	20.75		-15	3	68.00	30.10	NO 1/2 N	3		262317
1845-02-26T06:00	-35.20	89.00	324	9.3	1016.0	18.9		VM	8	NOTO	43.50		-14	5	66.00	30.00	NNW	5		262318
1845-02-27T06:00	-33.17	92.47	301	9.3	1005.8	20.0		VM	8	NO 3/4 O	54.00		-14	5	68.00	29.70	NW	5		262319
1845-02-28T06:00	-30.97	95.42	204	9.3	1005.8	18.9		VM	8	NO 1/2 O	50.00		-10	5	66.00	29.70	ZWTZ	5		262320
1845-03-01T06:00	-29.20	97.30	215	6.7	1012.6	18.9		VM	8	NO	37.00		-10	4	66.00	29.90	ZW	4		262321
1845-03-02T05:00	-28.10	98.10	105	2.6	1016.0	20.0		VM	8	NOTN	20.00		-8	2	68.00	30.00	OZO	2		262322
1845-03-03T05:00	-27.10	99.15	332	2.6	1009.2	21.1		VM	8	NO 1/2 N	20.00		-6	2	70.00	29.80	NNW	2		262323
1845-03-04T05:00	-25.33	100.03	309	4.6	1012.6	23.3		VM	8	NNO 1/8 O	31.00		-6	3	74.00	29.90	NW	3		262324
1845-03-05T05:00	-22.48	100.85	86	9.3	1009.2	20.0		VM	8	NNO 1/2 O	45.00		-4	5	68.00	29.80	O	5		262325
1845-03-06T05:00	-19.48	101.73	86	12.3	1012.6	26.7		VM	8	NTO 1/3 O	47.00		-4	6	80.00	29.90	O	6		262326
1845-03-07T05:00	-16.70	102.60	88	9.3	1012.6	26.7		VM	8	NTO 1/2 O	44.00		-2	5	80.00	29.90	O	5		262327
1845-03-08T05:00	-15.05	103.00	178	6.7	1012.6	27.8		VM	8	NTO 1/2 O	26.00		-2	4	82.00	29.90	Z	4		262328
1845-03-09T05:00	-13.40	103.40	111	6.7	1012.6	28.9		VM	8	NTO 1/2 O	26.00		-2	4	84.00	29.90	OZO	4		262329
1845-03-10T05:00	-12.47	103.52	135	2.6	1012.6	30.0		VM	8	NTO 1/4 O	14.75		0	2	86.00	29.90	ZO	2		262330
1845-03-11T05:00	-11.65	103.58	135	4.6	1012.6	31.1		VM	8	NTO	13.00		0	3	88.00	29.90	ZO	3		262331
1845-03-12T05:00	-10.17	103.82	135	4.6	1012.6	31.1		VM	8	NTO	23.00		0	3	88.00	29.90	ZO	3		262332
1845-03-13T05:00	-8.87	104.53	180	2.6	1012.6	28.9		VM	8	NNO	19.00		0	2	84.00	29.90	Z	2		262333
1845-03-14T05:00	-7.77	104.62	338	1.0	1012.6	30.0		VM	8	NTO 1/4 O	16.25		0	1	86.00	29.90	NNW	1		262334
1845-03-15T05:00	-7.62	104.71	361		1012.6	30.0		VM	8	NTO	3.00		0		86.00	29.90	STIL			262335
1845-03-16T05:00	-6.78	105.00	159	2.6	1012.6	31.1		VM	8	N	14.00		1		88.00	29.90	ZZO	1-2		262336
1845-03-17T00:00												IN STRAAT SUNDA.								262337