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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during UNKNOWN-07 cruise from Rotterdam to Batavia started at 1850-06-01 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752580, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -10.862553 * Median Longitude: 13.045106 * South-bound Latitude: -40.120000 * West-bound Longitude: -34.520000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.100000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.200000
Date/Time Start: 1850-06-01T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1850-09-03T00:00:00
Event(s):
Unknown-07_18500601_G_REIS_N53_P78-86 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1850-06-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1850-09-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Voyage: Rotterdam - Batavia
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7Temperature, airTTT°C
8--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
12DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
13DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21FogFog1 If fog was reported
22Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24HailHail1 If hail was reported
25Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26CommentComment
27IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2064 data points

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