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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Twee Cornelissen cruise from St. Helena to Nieuwediep started at 1844-07-09 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752554, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 27.861818 * Median Longitude: -21.778182 * South-bound Latitude: -14.570000 * West-bound Longitude: -40.950000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.030000 * East-bound Longitude: 3.350000
Date/Time Start: 1844-07-09T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1844-09-14T00:00:00
Event(s):
Twee_Cornelissen_18440709_M_REIS_24_P32-48 * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1844-07-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1844-09-14T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Twee Cornelissen, Voyage: St Helena - Nieuwediep, 1st Observer: S. Veenstra, Company: MER
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 Cloud typeCloud type
20 Cloud direction descriptionCloud dir descr
21 ClearnessClearness
22 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
23 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
24 FogFog1 If fog was reported
25 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
26 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27 HailHail1 If hail was reported
28 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29 CommentComment
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1430 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
Cloud type
20 
Cloud dir descr
21 
Clearness
22 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
23 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
24 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
25 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
26 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
27 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
28 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
29 
Comment
30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1844-07-09T12:00-14.57-7.28236.71022.122.8VM8-22473.0030.18NO4W00V051000000260344
1844-07-10T13:00-12.93-9.17926.71021.123.9VM8-21475.0030.15OZO4V04, V000000000260345
1844-07-11T13:00-11.63-10.87939.31019.423.3VM8-20574.0030.10OZO5V000000000260346
1844-07-12T13:00-9.97-12.77959.31021.424.4VM8-18576.0030.16OZO5V040000000260347
1844-07-13T13:00-7.82-14.78729.31022.125.0VM8-18577.0030.18O5V05, V000000000260348
1844-07-14T13:00-5.67-16.73499.31020.025.6VM8-19578.0030.12ONO5V040000000260349
1844-07-15T13:00-3.47-18.70639.31020.025.6VM8-16578.0030.12OTN5V04, V000000000260350
1844-07-16T13:00-1.58-20.17736.71019.426.1VM8-17479.0030.10O4H010000000260351
1844-07-17T13:000.72-21.221296.71019.426.1VM8-17479.0030.10ZOTZ4V000000000260352
1844-07-18T14:002.93-22.931549.31019.425.6VM8-15578.0030.10ZTO5V04, V000000000260353
1844-07-19T14:005.20-23.771436.71019.425.6VM8-15478.0030.10ZZO4V050000000260354
1844-07-20T14:007.18-24.423621016.028.9VM8-1584.0030.00OML,W20V060100000260355
1844-07-21T14:008.47-24.973624.61014.627.8VM8-16382.0029.96VARIABLE3V050000000260356
1844-07-22T14:009.73-24.603624.61016.028.9VM8-16384.0030.00OMLOOP3V03, V000000000260357
1844-07-23T14:0010.65-24.972542.61016.028.3VM8-16283.0030.00W2V050000000260358
1844-07-24T14:0011.30-25.073621.01016.028.9VM8-16184.0030.00VARIABLE1W20V050100000260359
1844-07-25T14:0011.17-24.802096.71014.626.7VM8-16480.0029.96ZW4W21V060100000260360
1844-07-26T14:0011.68-24.882546.71012.628.9VM8-16484.0029.90W4V000000000260361
1844-07-27T14:0013.47-25.502981015.327.8VM8-1782.0029.98NWV010000000260362
1844-07-28T14:0014.00-25.223436.71015.328.9VM8-17484.0029.98N4V040000000260363
1844-07-29T14:0014.20-26.773432.61012.628.9VM8-17284.0029.90N2V050000000260364
1844-07-30T14:0014.45-27.77304.61012.628.3VM8-15383.0029.90NO3V000000000260365
1844-07-31T14:0015.60-28.53309.31015.328.9VM8-15584.0029.98NO5V050000000260366
1844-08-01T14:0017.28-30.081099.31016.028.9VM8-15584.0030.00ZOTO5V050000000260367
1844-08-02T14:0019.30-31.571199.31016.027.2VM8-16581.0030.00ZO5V050000000260368
1844-08-03T14:0021.07-32.981219.31017.027.8VM8-14582.0030.03ZO5W20V100100000260369
1844-08-04T14:0022.38-34.95549.31017.726.1VM8-14579.0030.05ONO5V000000000260370
1844-08-05T14:0024.33-36.50746.71018.727.2VM8-16481.0030.08OTN-O4V000000000260371
1844-08-06T14:0026.25-36.651086.71019.426.7VM8-16480.0030.10ZOTO4V00, V010000000260372
1844-08-07T15:0028.12-37.52749.31022.828.9VM8-16584.0030.20OTN-O5V040000000260373
1844-08-08T15:0030.45-38.601089.31026.128.3VM8-16583.0030.30ZOTO5V050000000260374
1844-08-09T15:0032.48-39.973441.01025.527.8VM8-16182.0030.28N1V050000000260375
1844-08-10T15:0032.88-40.953620.01025.527.8VM8-20082.0030.28VARIABEL0V000000000260376
1844-08-11T15:0032.95-40.601044.61024.529.4VM8-20385.0030.25ZOTO3W20V00, V050100000260377
1844-08-12T15:0033.93-39.971156.71026.128.9VM8-20484.0030.30ZO4V04, V000000000260378
1844-08-13T15:0035.35-39.081154.61026.127.8VM8-20382.0030.30ZO3V000000000260379
1844-08-14T15:0036.53-38.001606.71029.528.9VM8-20484.0030.40Z4V000000000260380
1844-08-15T14:0037.78-36.732129.31039.728.9VM8-24584.0030.70ZWTW5W20V03, V050100000260381
1844-08-16T14:0039.52-34.532699.31014.328.9VM8-24584.0029.95WNW5V03, OPW LNW0000000260382
1844-08-17T14:0040.12-33.082249.31010.928.9VM8-24584.0029.85WZW5V01, V00, V100000000260383
1844-08-18T14:0041.30-30.622009.31017.027.8VM8-25582.0030.03ZW5V010000000260384
1844-08-19T14:0042.73-28.102089.31019.428.3VM8-28583.0030.10ZWTW5V05, V010000000260385
1844-08-20T14:0044.22-25.62626.71017.725.6VM8-28478.0030.05O4V05, V000000000260386
1844-08-21T14:0045.08-23.701712.31012.627.2VM8-28681.0029.90NO6W20V04, V010100000260387
1844-08-22T14:0044.82-23.1769.31013.324.4VM8-28576.0029.92NOTN5V050000000260388
1844-08-23T13:0044.38-22.323611017.022.2VM8-2772.0030.03STILV030000000260389
1844-08-24T13:0044.83-21.471089.31020.021.1VM8-27570.0030.12ZO5W20V05, V030100000a trivial correction was made in this observation260390
1844-08-25T13:0045.27-19.521089.31021.421.7VM8-27571.0030.16ZO5V04, V030000000260391
1844-08-26T13:0047.00-16.787512.31021.421.7VM8-26671.0030.16OTZ6W00V051000000260392
1844-08-27T13:0048.42-14.601179.31020.021.1VM8-29570.0030.12ZOTZ5W00V051000000260393
1844-08-28T13:0049.45-13.3212912.31020.019.4VM8-29667.0030.12ZZO6H010000000260394
1844-08-29T13:0049.73-13.0010612.31008.517.8VM8-29664.0029.78ZO6V00H010000000260395
1844-08-30T13:0050.07-11.47869.31011.217.8VM8-27564.0029.86OZO5V06, V030000000260396
1844-08-31T13:0048.88-12.20972.61016.017.2VM8-27263.0030.00ZOTO2W20V060100000260397
1844-09-01T13:0049.07-10.87979.31022.117.2VM8-27563.0030.18ZOTO5V05H000000000260398
1844-09-02T13:0049.52-10.13976.71017.717.8VM8-27464.0030.05ZOTO4V050000000260399
1844-09-03T13:0049.90-9.801812.31016.017.2VM8-27663.0030.00NO6V05H010000000260400
1844-09-04T13:0048.65-9.23634.61014.317.2VM8-27363.0029.95O3W20V060100000260401
1844-09-05T13:0048.52-8.171536.71014.317.2VM8-27463.0029.95Z4V03, V05, V000000000260402
1844-09-06T12:0049.35-6.122116.71010.217.2VM8-25463.0029.83ZWTW4V05, V030000000260403
1844-09-07T12:0050.12-3.103582.61011.217.81VM8-25264.0029.86NNO2V050000000260404
1844-09-08T12:0050.23-1.2036115.41012.617.81VM8-23764.0029.90N OML, STIL7V050000000260405
1844-09-09T12:0050.08-0.402701.01007.217.81VM8-23164.0029.74WNW1V050000000260406
1844-09-10T12:0050.270.083604.61012.620.01VM8-23368.0029.90NNO3V000000000260407
1844-09-11T00:003382.61016.020.01VM8268.0030.00NNW2V000000000260408
1844-09-12T12:0051.131.772924.61017.020.01VM8-23368.0030.03NW3V04, V050000000260409
1844-09-13T12:0052.033.352051021.120.01VM8-2068.0030.15ZWV050000000260410
1844-09-14T00:001VM80000000260411