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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during TERNATE cruise from Macao to San Francisco started at 1852-02-21 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752452, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 33.017966 * Median Longitude: 168.505763 * South-bound Latitude: 20.830000 * West-bound Longitude: 115.500000 * North-bound Latitude: 40.820000 * East-bound Longitude: -122.680000
Date/Time Start: 1852-02-21T04:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-04-19T20:00:00
Event(s):
Ternate_18520221_C_REIS_1B_P7-36 * Latitude Start: 21.700000 * Longitude Start: 113.857000 * Latitude End: 36.800000 * Longitude End: -123.480000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-02-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-04-19T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Ternate (Bark), Voyage: Macao - San Francisco, 1st Observer: F.C. Cars (Kapitein), Other ship information: 520 TON. GEBOUWD IN 1831 TE KINDERDIJK. VERBOUWD IN 1841 TE KINDERDIJK. 1854 IN VEILING TE ROTTERDAM. IN 1855 GESTRAND EN VERBRIJZELD BIJ SAVANNAH IN DIKKE MIST. DE EQUIPAGE ZOOMEDE EEN KLEIN GEDEELtE DER INVENTARIS IS GEBORGEN.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 Present weatherwwWeather description
20 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1226 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
11 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
12 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
19 
ww
(Weather description)
20 
Precip descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1852-02-21T04:0022.23115.506915.4VM817ONO7BETROKKEN LUCHT WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252121
1852-02-22T04:0022.52115.63569.31031.216.1VM80561.0030.45NOTO5OPWERKENDE LUCHT0000000252122
1852-02-23T04:0022.35115.62354.61024.520.6VM81369.0030.25NOTN3BETROKKEN WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252123
1852-02-24T04:0022.03116.42461022.120.0VM8168.0030.18NOBETROKKEN LUCHT0000000252124
1852-02-25T04:0022.67117.1323VM80NNOOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252125
1852-02-26T04:0022.03118.403601.01020.424.4VM80176.0030.13N1BETROKKEN MISTIGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252126
1852-02-27T04:0022.28119.23344.6VM803NOTN3HELDERE LUCHT0000000252127
1852-02-28T04:0021.88120.233601.01020.023.9VM80175.0030.12N1REGENDIKKE REGENACHTIGE LUCHT0100000252128
1852-02-29T04:0021.55122.62346.71020.424.4VM80476.0030.13NOTN4REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT BETROKKEN LUCHT AFSCHONENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000252129
1852-03-01T04:0020.83125.32901.01020.025.6VM80178.0030.12O1WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252130
1852-03-02T03:0022.45127.921589.31018.726.1VM80579.0030.08ZZO5BUIIGE LUCHTBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252131
1852-03-03T04:0024.10126.373591.01019.426.7VM8-1180.0030.10N1DIKKE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252132
1852-03-04T03:0025.32128.43104.61020.722.8VM8-1373.0030.14NTO3REGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000252133
1852-03-05T03:0025.45130.123374.6VM8-13NNW3WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252134
1852-03-06T03:0025.90131.67674.61022.822.8VM8-1373.0030.20NO-ONO3BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252135
1852-03-07T03:0025.63133.902026.71032.921.7VM8-1471.0030.50Z-ZZW4BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252136
1852-03-08T03:0026.98134.003596.7VM8-14N4BUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1000000252137
1852-03-09T03:0027.53136.63214.61029.521.7VM8-2371.0030.40NNO3WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252138
1852-03-10T03:0027.53138.281004.61028.519.4VM8-1367.0030.37OTZ3OVERDRIJVENDE BETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252139
1852-03-11T03:0029.57138.523144.61013.619.4VM8-1367.0029.93NW3REGENDIKKE WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0100000252140
1852-03-12T03:0032.88138.573024.6NOORD EILANDVM8-23NWTW3REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0100000252141
1852-03-13T03:0032.47140.0031412.31026.116.7VM8-1662.0030.30NW6WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252142
1852-03-14T02:0033.80143.323621.0VM8-11RONDLOPEND1WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT BETROKKEN LUCHTREGENACHTIGE LUCHT, HELDERE LUCHT0100000252143
1852-03-15T02:0034.28144.782222.61021.115.0VM8-1959.0030.15NNO9REGENBETROKKEN LUCHTREGENACHTIGE LUCHT0100000252144
1852-03-16T02:0034.50146.60101.0999.114.4VM8-1158.0029.50NTO1BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252145
1852-03-17T02:0034.45148.5213630.91007.513.9VM811157.0029.75ZO11BUIIGE LUCHTREGENBETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1100000252146
1852-03-18T02:0036.42150.3527126.8999.114.4VM811058.0029.50W10DIKKE LUCHT REGENREGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0100000252147
1852-03-19T02:0038.60153.202959.3VM825WNW5BETROKKEN OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252148
1852-03-20T01:0038.83157.721516.71012.612.8VM85455.0029.90ZOTZ4MOOI WEER0000000252149
1852-03-21T01:0039.40160.4728615.41006.58.9VM85748.0029.72WTN7BUIIGE LUCHTREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT1100000252150
1852-03-22T01:0039.57163.882779.31026.112.8VM87555.0030.30W5LIGT BUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1000000252151
1852-03-23T01:0039.15167.8318912.31015.012.2VM89654.0029.97Z6BETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252152
1852-03-24T01:0039.47171.7017819.01011.612.2VM89854.0029.87ZTO8REGENBUIENDIKKE BETROKKEN LUCHT1100000252153
1852-03-25T00:0040.20174.1518012.31011.612.8VM811655.0029.87ZTO6REGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000252154
1852-03-26T00:0040.82176.372594.61011.613.9VM811357.0029.87WZW3DIKKE MSITIGELUCHT REGEN0110000252155
1852-03-27T00:0039.48179.8619312.3VM8136ZO-Z6REGENBETROKKEN LUCHT0100000252156
1852-03-29T00:0039.97-174.402951.01014.012.2VM814154.0029.94WTN1BETROKKEN LUCHT0000000252157
1852-03-29T23:0039.60-169.9320615.41009.212.8VM815755.0029.80ZTW7DIKKE REGENACHTIGE LUCHTBETROKKEN LUCHT0100000252158
1852-03-30T23:0039.60-166.7721815.41009.212.8VM815755.0029.80ZZW7REGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000252159
1852-03-31T23:0039.87-164.2219515.41030.215.6VM815760.0030.42Z7REGENMISTIGE LUCHT0100000252160
1852-04-01T23:0039.35-160.071744.61032.216.7VM816362.0030.48ZZO3BETROKKEN MISTIGE LUCHT0000000252161
1852-04-02T22:0039.07-157.37272.61031.914.4VM816258.0030.47W-NTO2REGENDIKKE MISTIGE LUCHT0100000252162
1852-04-03T22:0038.73-156.40846.71032.213.9VM816457.0030.48ONO4REGENBETROKKEN DIKKE LUCHT0100000252163
1852-04-04T22:0037.07-152.673620.0VM8140RONDLOPEND0OPWERKENDE MISTIGE LUCHT0000000252164
1852-04-05T22:0036.87-152.103406.71027.513.9VM814457.0030.34NWTN4OPWERKENDE MISTIGE LUCHT0000000252165
1852-04-06T22:0036.85-149.4036.71026.114.4VM814458.0030.30NTW4WOLKDRIJVENDE REGENACHTIGE LUCHT0000000252166
1852-04-07T22:0037.00-145.70141.01031.214.4VM814158.0030.45N1REGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000252167
1852-04-08T21:0036.90-142.02481.0VM8141NOTN1BETROKKEN LUCHT0000000252168
1852-04-09T21:0036.42-140.72481.01032.915.6VM814160.0030.50NOTN1BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000252169
1852-04-10T21:0036.08-140.003621.01032.617.2VM814163.0030.49RONDLOPEND1BETROKKEN MISTIGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252170
1852-04-11T21:0036.93-140.323521.0VM8141NNW1STOFREGENBEWOLKTE REGENACHTIGE LUCHT0100000252171
1852-04-12T21:0036.65-140.322842.61026.115.6VM814260.0030.30W2GOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000252172
1852-04-13T21:0037.38-137.933401.01026.516.7VM814162.0030.31NWTN1WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252173
1852-04-14T21:0038.55-134.781752.61026.118.3VM817265.0030.30ZZO2BEWOLKTE OVERDRIJVENDE BETROKKEN LUCHT0000000252174
1852-04-15T21:0038.60-133.282202.61031.617.8VM817264.0030.46ZZW2WOLKDRIJVENDE BETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252175
1852-04-16T21:0038.47-131.122982.61030.218.3VM817265.0030.42WTN2OVERDRIJVENDE MISTIGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252176
1852-04-17T21:0038.18-129.50281021.413.9VM81757.0030.16NTOOVERDRIJVENDE MISTIGE LUCHT BETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252177
1852-04-18T20:0037.27-125.723184.6CAPE BLANCNOVM8143NNW-NWTW3HELDERE LUCHT0000000252178
1852-04-19T20:0037.50-122.682426.71VM8174ZW4BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000252179