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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during TERNATE cruise from Batavia to Macao started at 1851-10-04 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752451, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 12.142703 * Median Longitude: 114.739189 * South-bound Latitude: -0.120000 * West-bound Longitude: 105.320000 * North-bound Latitude: 21.130000 * East-bound Longitude: 120.400000
Date/Time Start: 1851-10-04T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-11-09T04:00:00
Event(s):
Ternate_18511004_C_REIS_1B_P7-36 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 21.700000 * Longitude End: 113.857000 * Date/Time Start: 1851-10-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-11-09T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Ternate (Bark), Voyage: Batavia - Macao, 1st Observer: F.C. Cars (Kapitein), Other ship information: 520 TON. GEBOUWD IN 1831 TE KINDERDIJK. VERBOUWD IN 1841 TE KINDERDIJK. 1854 IN VEILING TE ROTTERDAM. IN 1855 GESTRAND EN VERBRIJZELD BIJ SAVANNAH IN DIKKE MIST. DE EQUIPAGE ZOOMEDE EEN KLEIN GEDEELtE DER INVENTARIS IS GEBORGEN.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7 Temperature, airTTT°C
8 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
9 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
14 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 Cloud typeCloud type
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
818 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)		5 
ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)		6 
PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)		7 
TTT [°C]		8 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)		9 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)		10 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)		11 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)		12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)		13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)		14 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)		15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)		16 
ww
(Weather description)		17 
Precip descr		18 
Cloud type		19 
Clearness		20 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)		21 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)		22 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)		23 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)		24 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)		25 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)		26 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)		27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1851-10-04T05:00-0.12105.322954.61019.430.6VM82387.0030.10WNW3BUIIGE LUCHTREGENOPWERKENDE LUCHT1100000252084
1851-10-05T05:001.07105.832274.61043.130.6VM82387.0030.80ZW3BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252085
1851-10-06T05:001.68105.602611.01039.730.6VM82187.0030.70WTZ1BUIIGE LUCHTOPWERKENDE LUCHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT1000000252086
1851-10-07T05:002.07105.702616.71036.329.4VM82485.0030.60WTZ4WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252087
1851-10-08T05:003.53105.4825012.31032.929.4VM82685.0030.50WZW6BUIIGE LUCHTBETROKKEN LUCHT1000000252088
1851-10-09T05:004.60105.722721.01019.428.9VM82184.0030.10W1LIGT BUIIGE LUCHTREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT1100000252089
1851-10-10T05:005.77106.522164.61043.130.0VM82386.0030.80ZWTZ3BUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT OPWERKENDE LUCHT1000000252090
1851-10-11T05:006.90106.951932.61043.128.9VM82284.0030.80ZTW2DIKKE BUIIGE LUCHTREGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100000252091
1851-10-12T05:008.27108.472502.61015.628.9VM82284.0029.99WZW2BUIIGE LUCHTREGENOPWERKENDE LUCHT1100000252092
1851-10-13T05:0010.25110.472612.61039.728.9VM82284.0030.70WTZ2LIGT BUIIGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252093
1851-10-14T04:0012.03112.85252.61026.127.8VM82282.0030.30NNO2BUIIGE LUCHTOPWERKENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252094
1851-10-15T04:0012.48113.22362.61019.430.0VM82286.0030.10NOTN2HELDERE LUCHT0000000252095
1851-10-16T04:0012.50113.98251.01029.528.3VM82183.0030.40NNO1BUIIGE LUCHTREGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100000252096
1851-10-17T04:0012.65114.67466.71029.528.3VM81483.0030.40NO4BUIIGE DIKKE LUCHT WEERLICHTREGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100100252097
1851-10-18T04:0013.08114.903512.31039.728.3VM81683.0030.70NOTN6BUIIGE REGEN1100000252098
1851-10-19T04:0012.90113.90466.71036.328.3VM81483.0030.60NO4REGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0100000252099
1851-10-20T04:0012.70115.803621.01032.928.9VM81184.0030.50RONDLOPEND1REGEN0100000252100
1851-10-21T04:0012.35116.83252.61029.530.0VM82286.0030.40NNO2BUIIGE LUCHT WEERLIGTREGEN1100100252101
1851-10-22T04:0011.97118.403161.01016.030.6VM81187.0030.00NW1HELDERE LUCHT0000000252102
1851-10-23T04:0011.42119.72462.61016.029.4VM81285.0030.00NO2LIGTE REGENBUIENHELDERE LUCHT1100000252103
1851-10-24T04:0013.08119.8714.61029.528.9VM81384.0030.40N3BUIIGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252104
1851-10-25T04:0013.42119.83571.01039.730.6VM81187.0030.70NOTO1BUIIGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252105
1851-10-26T04:0013.67119.35912.61019.428.3VM81283.0030.10O2BUIIGE LUCHT1000000252106
1851-10-27T04:0014.37119.18912.61021.129.4VM81285.0030.15O2HELDERE LUCHT0000000252107
1851-10-28T04:0014.83119.18242.61019.429.4VM81285.0030.10NNO2BUIIGE LUCHTOPWERKENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252108
1851-10-29T04:0015.37118.682415.41019.428.3VM81783.0030.10NNO7WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252109
1851-10-30T04:0016.22118.682430.91016.028.3VM811183.0030.00NNO11WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252110
1851-10-31T04:0016.37118.504612.31043.130.0VM81686.0030.80NO6WEERLICHTREGENMISTIGE LUCHT0100100252111
1851-11-01T04:0016.13118.354615.41043.128.9VM81784.0030.80NO7WEERLICHTREGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100100252112
1851-11-02T04:0017.48117.42129.31016.027.8VM81582.0030.00NTO5BUIIGE REGENLUCHT1100000252113
1851-11-03T04:0017.58117.8036026.81012.627.2VM801081.0029.90N10REGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000252114
1851-11-04T04:0017.33119.3333915.41013.327.8VM81782.0029.92NNW7BETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252115
1851-11-05T04:0017.52119.453042.61016.029.4VM80285.0030.00NWTW2BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000252116
1851-11-06T04:0018.05119.872934.61016.029.4VM80385.0030.00WNW3BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252117
1851-11-07T04:0018.73120.332931.01019.429.4VM80185.0030.10WNW1WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252118
1851-11-08T04:0019.90120.40454.61043.126.7VM80380.0030.80NO3REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000252119
1851-11-09T04:0021.13118.802312.31022.824.4VM80676.0030.20NNO6BETROKKEN LUCHTREGENACHTIGE LUCHT0100000252120