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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during TERNATE cruise from Makassar to Macao started at 1850-11-29 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752449, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 5.303824 * Median Longitude: 127.504412 * South-bound Latitude: -5.920000 * West-bound Longitude: 115.800000 * North-bound Latitude: 22.230000 * East-bound Longitude: 136.730000
Date/Time Start: 1850-11-29T04:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-01-01T04:00:00
Event(s):
Ternate_18501129_C_REIS_1B_P7-36 * Latitude Start: -5.150000 * Longitude Start: 119.320000 * Latitude End: 21.700000 * Longitude End: 113.857000 * Date/Time Start: 1850-11-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-01-01T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Ternate (Bark), Voyage: Makassar - Macao, 1st Observer: F.C. Cars (Kapitein), Other ship information: 520 TON. GEBOUWD IN 1831 TE KINDERDIJK. VERBOUWD IN 1841 TE KINDERDIJK. 1854 IN VEILING TE ROTTERDAM. IN 1855 GESTRAND EN VERBRIJZELD BIJ SAVANNAH IN DIKKE MIST. DE EQUIPAGE ZOOMEDE EEN KLEIN GEDEELtE DER INVENTARIS IS GEBORGEN.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7 Temperature, airTTT°C
8 LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
9 BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 Present weatherwwWeather description
20 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
748 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)		5 
ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)		6 
PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)		7 
TTT [°C]		8 
Landmark
(Name of first landmark)		9 
Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)		10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)		11 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)		12 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)		13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)		14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)		15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)		16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)		17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)		18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)		19 
ww
(Weather description)		20 
Precip descr		21 
Cloud type		22 
Clearness		23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)		24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)		25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)		26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)		27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)		28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)		29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)		30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1850-11-29T04:00-5.78119.802941.01019.430.0SLANGENBURGNTOT1VM81186.0030.10WNW10000000252032
1850-11-30T04:00-5.65120.203161.01019.431.1VM81188.0030.10NW10000000252033
1850-12-01T04:00-5.53121.673621.01016.030.6VM81187.0030.00UITLOPEND1WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252034
1850-12-02T04:00-5.92122.6711.0VM811O-N1OPWERKENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252035
1850-12-03T04:00-5.75120.2211.01022.831.7VM81189.0030.20NO-N1WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252036
1850-12-04T04:00-5.30123.502712.61016.030.0VM81286.0030.00W2BUIIGE LUCHTREGENBUIENOPWERKENDE LUCHT1100000252037
1850-12-05T04:00-4.43123.902714.61015.629.4VM81385.0029.99W3REGENOPWERKENDE LUCHT0100000252038
1850-12-06T04:00-3.50124.722492.61015.328.9VM81284.0029.98ZW-WZW2REGENOPWERKENDE LUCHT0100000252039
1850-12-07T04:00-2.67125.422942.61016.028.9VM81284.0030.00WNW2REGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000252040
1850-12-08T04:00-2.47127.233162.61016.031.1VM81288.0030.00NW2LIGTE REGENBUIENOPWERKENDE LUCHT1100000252041
1850-12-09T03:00-1.97128.632954.61016.031.7VM82389.0030.00WNW3HELDERE LUCHT0000000252042
1850-12-10T03:00-0.25129.023621.01015.029.4VM82185.0029.97RONDLOPEND1BUIIGE LUCHTOPWERKENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000252043
1850-12-11T03:000.15128.183171.01015.330.0VM82186.0029.98NW1ZWARE REGENBUIENBEWOLKTE LUCHT1100000252044
1850-12-12T03:000.45129.603626.71015.328.9VM82484.0029.98RONDLOPEND4BUIIGE LUCHTREGENHELDERE LUCHT1100000252045
1850-12-13T03:000.92130.2334012.31015.329.4VM82685.0029.98NNW6DIKKE BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN1100000252046
1850-12-14T03:001.60131.6222.61016.0VM82230.00N2DIKKE BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN1100000252047
1850-12-15T03:002.78132.482502.61016.028.9VM82284.0030.00WZW2REGENBETROKKEN LUCHT0100000252048
1850-12-16T03:003.38133.072722.61015.330.0VM82286.0029.98W2DIKKE BUIIGE LUCHTREGENOPWERKENDE LUCHT1100000252049
1850-12-17T03:004.62134.272721.01019.430.0VM82186.0030.10W1BUIIGE LUCHTREGENLIGT BEWOLKTE LUCHT1100000252050
1850-12-18T03:005.03132.90254.61013.330.0VM82386.0029.92NNO3WEERLICHTREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT0100100252051
1850-12-19T03:005.50134.059212.31011.929.4VM82685.0029.88O6WEERLICHT DONDER BLIKSEMREGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100100252052
1850-12-20T03:006.98136.73706.71012.630.0VM82486.0029.90ONO4REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT BETROKKEN LUCHT0100000252053
1850-12-21T03:009.17135.88476.71014.331.1VM82488.0029.95NO4WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252054
1850-12-22T03:0011.55134.37706.71015.330.0VM82486.0029.98ONO4REGENBETROKKEN LUCHT OPKLARENDE0100000252055
1850-12-23T03:0013.62132.854615.41014.029.4VM81785.0029.94NO7BUIIGE LUCHTOPWERKENDE LUCHT BETROKKEN LUCHT1000000252056
1850-12-24T03:0015.15131.133530.91012.928.9VM811184.0029.91NOTN11BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN1100000252057
1850-12-25T03:0015.93129.852419.01015.628.3VM81883.0029.99NNO8BUIIGE LUCHTREGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100000252058
1850-12-26T03:0016.33128.422412.31032.926.7VM81680.0030.50NNO6WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000252059
1850-12-27T04:0016.40126.935712.31043.126.1VM81679.0030.80NOTO6HELDERE LUCHT0000000252060
1850-12-28T04:0017.13125.37246.71020.427.8VM81482.0030.13NNO4WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252061
1850-12-29T04:0018.78123.654512.31021.725.0BALINTANGWNWVM80677.0030.17NO6BEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252062
1850-12-30T04:0020.02121.77454.61022.125.0VM80377.0030.18NO3DIK BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000252063
1850-12-31T04:0021.83119.02116.71023.418.3VM80465.0030.22NTO4HELDERE LUCHT0000000252064
1851-01-01T04:0022.23115.80464.61023.418.3PREDO BANCANVM81365.0030.22NO3BETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000252065