García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWIFTSURE cruise from Halifax to Fayal started at 1808-07-13 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752419, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 37.945937 * Median Longitude: -40.066250 * South-bound Latitude: 32.150000 * West-bound Longitude: -63.070000 * North-bound Latitude: 43.250000 * East-bound Longitude: -28.900000
Date/Time Start: 1808-07-13T16:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1808-08-13T14:00:00
Event(s):
Swiftsure_18080713_NMM_ADM/L/S597 * Latitude Start: 43.400000 * Longitude Start: -63.030000 * Latitude End: 38.030000 * Longitude End: -29.330000 * Date/Time Start: 1808-07-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1808-08-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swiftsure (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Halifax - Fayal, 1st Observer: William Rutherford (Captain), 2nd Observer: Joshua Tracey (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 74G 1704BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 7 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 8 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 9 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 14 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 17 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
641 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 TTT [°C] | 7 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 8 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 ww (Weather description) | 17 Precip descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1808-07-13T16:00 | 43.25 | -62.25 | 27 | 1.0 | ISLE OF SABLE | N51E | 25 | S30E | 90.00 | -18 | WSW, NE, ENE, S | AM FRESH BREEZES, NOON CALM, PM LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | AM HAZY, CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249600 | ||||
| 1808-07-14T16:00 | 42.67 | -62.67 | 362 | 6.7 | GRAND BANKS | S81E | 160 | S28W | 32.00 | -15 | S, E, ENE, VARIABLE, NEBE, EBS | AM LIGHT BREEZES, NOON MODERATE, PM LIGHT BREEZES | AM THICK FOGGY WEATHER | NOON CLEAR, PM CLEAR, HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249601 | |||
| 1808-07-15T16:00 | 42.23 | -63.07 | 362 | 1.0 | ISLE OF SABLE | N56E | 59 | S53W | 50.00 | -9 | SE, VARIABLE, SBE, S, SW | AM LIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS, PM LIGHT AIRS, MIDNIGHT MODERATE | AM FINE, PM FINE | AM HAZY, CLEAR, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249602 | |||
| 1808-07-16T16:00 | 41.95 | -61.95 | 202 | 2.6 | ISLE OF SABLE | N22E | 46 | S74E | 100.00 | -12 | SW, SSW, SWBS, SSW | AM MODERATE, LIGHT BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT LIGHT BREEZES | PM FINE | AM CLEAR, MIDNIGHT FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249603 | |||
| 1808-07-17T16:00 | 41.17 | -59.45 | 213 | 6.7 | GRAND BANKS | S66E | 104.00 | -12 | SSW, SW, SWBS | MODERATE BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249604 | ||||||
| 1808-07-18T16:00 | 40.25 | -56.08 | 188 | 9.3 | S EXTREME GRAND BANKS | E1/4N | 65 | S69E | 156.00 | -15 | SSW, SW | AM LIGHT BREEZES, FRESH BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT STRONG BREEZES | CLEAR, MIDNIGHT HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249605 | ||||
| 1808-07-19T15:00 | 40.42 | -51.57 | 186 | 12.3 | GRAND BANKS NEWFOUNDLAND | NNW1/2W | 9 | N86E | 220.00 | -17 | SSW, SW, VARIABLE, WNW, NBE | AM STRONG BREEZES, FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, NOON STRONG BREEZES PM FRESH BREEZES, MORE MODERATE, MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | AM RAIN AT TIMES, PM RAIN AT TIMES, SHOWERS OF RAIN | PM CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249606 | |||
| 1808-07-20T15:00 | 40.52 | -48.82 | 354 | 6.7 | ISLE CORVO | S87E | 272 | N87E | 126.00 | -17 | NBE, NNW | AM FRESH BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, MODERATE BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE | AM CLOUDY, PM CLEAR, CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249607 | ||||
| 1808-07-21T15:00 | 40.57 | -46.85 | 16 | 6.7 | CORVO | S86E | 243 | E | 90.00 | -18 | NW, NEBN, VARIABLE, NNE | AM MODERATE, LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS, NOON LIGHT BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, MODERATE | AM RAIN | AM CLOUDY, PM HAZY, CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249608 | |||
| 1808-07-22T15:00 | 40.33 | -45.38 | 362 | 6.7 | CORVO | S86E | 208 | S86E | 68.00 | -18 | VARIABLE, E, EBN, EBS | AM MODERATE BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS, PM LIGHT AIRS, MODERATE BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | AM CLOUDY, PM CLOUDY, CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249609 | |||
| 1808-07-23T15:00 | 39.30 | -44.05 | 362 | 6.7 | 25.8 | CORVO | N87E | 200 | S43E | 90.00 | -18 | 78.50 | VARIABLE, EBN, SE | AM MODERATE BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES | FINE | AM CLEAR, MIDNIGHT CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249610 | |
| 1808-07-24T15:00 | 39.70 | -43.22 | 128 | 1.0 | CORVO | E | 185 | N58E | 46.00 | -18 | VARIABLE, SW, SEBS, SW | AM LIGHT AIRS, MODERATE BREEZES, NOON LIGHT BREEZES, MIDNIGHT LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | AM DARK CLOUDY WEATHER, CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249611 | ||||
| 1808-07-25T15:00 | 40.00 | -42.35 | 205 | 2.6 | 25.8 | CORVO | S87E | 173 | N68E | 44.00 | -20 | 78.50 | SW, W | AM LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, LIGHT BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS, LIGHT BREEZES | AM FINE | AM CLEAR, PM CLEAR, CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249612 | |
| 1808-07-26T14:00 | 40.40 | -36.70 | 227 | 6.7 | 26.1 | CORVO | S87E | 155 | N69E | 67.00 | -21 | 79.00 | WSW, WBS | AM LIGHT BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES | AM PLEASANT WEATHER | PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249613 | |
| 1808-07-27T14:00 | 40.65 | -35.11 | 227 | 9.3 | 25.6 | CORVO | S77E | 86 | N77E | 145.00 | -21 | 78.00 | WSW | AM MODERATE BREEZES, FRESH BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | AM CLEAR, NOON CLOUDY, PM CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249614 | ||
| 1808-07-28T14:00 | 40.72 | -33.52 | 294 | 9.3 | 24.4 | CORVO | S60E | 42 | N88E | 160.00 | -21 | 76.00 | WSW, NW, NWBW, WBN | AM FRESH BREEZES, STRONG BREEZES, FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, FRESH BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, FRESH BREEZES | AM RAIN AT TIMES, PM RAIN AT TIMES | AM CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 249615 | |
| 1808-07-29T14:00 | 39.17 | -31.21 | 23 | 6.7 | 24.4 | S PT FLORES | NE1/2E | 10 | -22 | 76.00 | NE, NNE, N | AM FRESH BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY, PM FRESH BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES | AM CLOUDY, CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249616 | ||||
| 1808-07-30T14:00 | 37.62 | -28.90 | 23 | 6.7 | 23.9 | FAYAL | N70E | 25 | S39E | 166.00 | -22 | 75.00 | NE, NNE | AM MODERATE BREEZES, MODERATE, PM LIGHT BREEZES | PM FINE | AM CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249617 | |
| 1808-07-31T14:00 | 35.92 | -28.92 | 251 | 2.6 | 24.4 | W PT MADEIRA | S73E | 207 | S | 82.00 | -19 | 76.00 | NW, WNW, VARIABLE, W, SW | AM LIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLE, PM LIGHT BREEZES | AM CLEAR, CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249618 | ||
| 1808-08-01T14:00 | 35.92 | -29.77 | 206 | 12.3 | 23.3 | S PT MADEIRA | S74E | 221 | W | 41.00 | -19 | 74.00 | SW, WSW, VARIABLE | AM STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY, FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, STRONG BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZES | AM RAIN, PM SHOWERS OF RAIN | NOON CLOUDY, PM HAZY, CLOUDY, MIDNIGHT CLEAR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249619 | |
| 1808-08-02T14:00 | 35.55 | -29.80 | 116 | 6.7 | 24.4 | S PT MADEIRA | S75E | 207 | S14W | 22.00 | -19 | 76.00 | VARIABLE, SE, SSW, SW, VARIABLE | AM LIGHT AIRS, NOON MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY, PM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LIGHT BREEZES AND SQUALLY, MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | AM RAIN, PM CONSTANT HEAVY RAIN | AM CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 249620 | |
| 1808-08-03T14:00 | 34.70 | -29.97 | 229 | 6.7 | 23.3 | S PT MADEIRA | S80E | 209 | S9W | 52.00 | -19 | 74.00 | NW, WSW, WBN | AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, MODERATE, MODERATE BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE BREEZES | PM FINE | AM CLEAR, MIDNIGHT CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249621 | |
| 1808-08-04T14:00 | 32.38 | -29.85 | 362 | 2.6 | 24.4 | S PT MADEIRA | N87E | 207 | S2E | 135.00 | -17 | 76.00 | WBS, VARIABLE, NW, NE, NEBN | AM FRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY, MODERATE, NOON LIGHT BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZES | AM CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249622 | ||
| 1808-08-05T14:00 | 32.15 | -30.77 | 6 | 2.6 | 25.0 | S PT MADEIRA | N86E | 228 | S76W | 50.00 | -17 | 77.00 | NEBN, NNE, NEBN | AM LIGHT BREEZES, PM LIGHT AIRS, LIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, MIDNIGHT CALM | PM FINE | AM CLEAR, CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249623 | |
| 1808-08-06T14:00 | 32.22 | -31.40 | 362 | 2.6 | 25.8 | S PT MADEIRA | N87E | 240 | N84W | 33.00 | -17 | 78.50 | NNE, VARIABLE, NE | AM CALM, MODERATE BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE | AM CLEAR, CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249624 | ||
| 1808-08-07T14:00 | 32.52 | -30.68 | 26 | 6.7 | 25.6 | -19 | 78.00 | NE, ENE | AM MODERATE BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT LIGHT BREEZES | NOON FINE | AM CLOUDY, PM CLEAR, CLOUDY, CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249625 | ||||||
| 1808-08-08T14:00 | 32.25 | -29.97 | 84 | 1.0 | 26.7 | FAYAL | N9E | 127 | N26W | 60.00 | -17 | 80.00 | EBS, NE, NNE, VARIABLE, ENE | AM LIGHT BREEZES, NOON LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, PM LIGHT AIRS | AM CLEAR, PM CLEAR, MIDNIGHT CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249626 | ||
| 1808-08-09T14:00 | 33.17 | -30.82 | 49 | 9.3 | FAYAL | N18E | 113 | N38W | 70.00 | -19 | ENE, EBN, VARIABLE | AM LIGHT AIRS, MODERATE, FRESH BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE | AM CLEAR, CLOUDY, OM CLEAR, CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249627 | ||||
| 1808-08-10T14:00 | 35.10 | -32.17 | 362 | 6.7 | FAYAL | N30W | 134.00 | -19 | VARIABLE, NEBE, VARIABLE | AM MODERATE, NOON MODERATE BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES | AM CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249628 | ||||||
| 1808-08-11T14:00 | 36.42 | -32.25 | 362 | 1.0 | FAYAL | N53E | 70 | N3W | 80.00 | -19 | ENN, VARIABLE, ESE, SSE | AM MODERATE BREEZES, NOON LIGHT BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS | FINE | AM CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249629 | |||
| 1808-08-12T14:00 | 36.98 | -32.70 | 140 | 6.7 | -18 | VARIABLE, SSE | AM LIGHT AIRS, MODERATE BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT LIGHT BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249630 | |||||||||
| 1808-08-13T14:00 | 38.07 | -29.90 | 192 | 6.7 | FAYAL | S63E | 20 | N64E | 148.00 | -22 | SSW, SWBS, SW | AM MODERATE BREEZES, FRESH BREEZES, PM FRESH BREEZES, MODERATE | AM CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 249631 |