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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWIFT cruise from Equator to Madras started at 1794-06-16 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752415, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -22.111528 * Median Longitude: 20.277361 * South-bound Latitude: -37.330000 * West-bound Longitude: -40.620000 * North-bound Latitude: 12.170000 * East-bound Longitude: 82.350000
Date/Time Start: 1794-06-16T14:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-09-06T07:00:00
Event(s):
Swift_17940616_NMM_ADM/L/S596 * Latitude Start: -0.150000 * Longitude Start: -26.120000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1794-06-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-09-06T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swift (Sloop), Voyage: Equator - Madras, 1st Observer: John Doling (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 16G 329BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1331 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1794-06-16T14:00-0.15-26.12149ST PAULSN30W18S25W84.00-9SE, SEBS, SBE, SSEPM FRESH BREEZESPM FINE WEATHER0000000249367
1794-06-17T14:00-1.35-26.75126CAPE ST AUGUSTINES49W220S28:7W60.00-9SBE, SEPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249368
1794-06-18T14:00-2.78-26.92116FERDINANDOS79W116S7W82.00-8ESE, EBS, SEBEPM MODERATEPM CLEAR WEATHER0000000249369
1794-06-19T14:00-4.33-26.6271ST AUGUSTINES64W190S12W95.00-8E, ENE, EBNPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249370
1794-06-20T14:00-5.68-26.9282ST AUGUSTINES70W171S13W83.00-8SSE, NE, SEBS, EPM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249371
1794-06-21T14:00-6.92-28.221419.3ST AUGUSTINES77W140S47W109.00-5SEBSPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM FRESH BREEZESAM CLOUDY0000000249372
1794-06-22T14:00-8.38-29.67142ST AUGUSTINES88W107S45W123.00-4SE, SEBSPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYPM SHOWERS1000000249373
1794-06-23T14:00-10.05-30.77142RIO DE JANERIOS41W346S33:45W120.00-4SEBE, SE, SEBSPM FRESH BREEZESLONG SEA FROM THE SEPM CLOUDY0000000249374
1794-06-24T14:00-11.82-31.32120RIO DE JANERIOS47W298S16:52W112.00-4SE, SEBEPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249375
1794-06-25T14:00-13.57-32.03121RIO DE JANERIOS47W276S22:30W115.00-3ESE, SEBEPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY0000000249376
1794-06-26T14:00-15.47-32.43110RIO DE JANERIOS53W246S12W117.00-3EBS, ESEPM MODERATE AND SQUALLYPM CLOUDY0000000249377
1794-06-27T14:00-17.42-33.071139.3RIO DE JANERIOS59W210S16:52W126.000E, EBS, SE, ESEPM FRESH BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYAM SMALL RAIN0100000249378
1794-06-28T14:00-19.63-34.27147RIO DE JANERIOS68W173S27W133.001SE, ESE, SEBSPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYPM RAIN0100000249379
1794-06-29T14:00-21.53-35.65114RIO DE JANERIOS78W133S33:45W140.001ESEPM MODERATEPM CLEAR0000000249380
1794-06-30T15:00-22.72-37.6284RIO DE JANERIOS88W92S52W115.005ESE, EBNPM MODERATEPM CLOUDY0000000249381
1794-07-01T15:00-22.73-40.62959.3RIO DE JANERION74W12W166.005ENE, EPM MODERATE, AM FRESH BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0000100249382
1794-07-12T15:00-25.27-40.4595RIO DE JANERION41W63S41E189.005ENE, NE, EPM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLEAR0000000249383
1794-07-13T15:00-26.72-38.1239A ROCKS14W19S54E148.005NEBNPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER0000000249384
1794-07-14T14:00-27.85-35.57279.3TRISTAN DE CUNTAS64E427S64:42E149.004NNEPM MODERATE, AM FRESH BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER, AM CLEAR0000000249385
1794-07-15T14:00-29.05-31.981TRISTAN DE CUNTAS63E357S69E204.001NPM FRESH BREEZESPM PLEASANT WEATHER0000000249386
1794-07-16T14:00-29.27-29.223276.7TRISTAN DE CUNTAN60E312S88:22E146.001WSW, SWBS, NWBNPM FRESH BREEZES, AM MODERATE BREEZESAM RAINPM HAZY WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0100000249387
1794-07-17T14:00-29.60-26.302919.3TRISTAN DE CUNTAS56E264S82E154.00-2WSW, WNWPM MODERATE BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZESAM SMALL RAINPM HAZY WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0100000249388
1794-07-18T14:00-30.27-23.302469.3TRISTAN DE CUNTAS50E217S75E162.00-2SW, WSWPM MODERATE BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYAM DRIZZLING RAINPM HAZY WEATHER0100000249389
1794-07-19T13:00-30.60-21.221756.7TRISTAN DE CUNTAS45E184S79E109.00-5SBE, SBW, SPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM MODERATEAM CLOUDY0000000249390
1794-07-20T13:00-31.07-18.7369.3TRISTAN DE CUNTAS58E152S77E130.00-5NW, N, NBEPM CALM AND LIGHT AIRS, AT 6 FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY0000000249391
1794-07-21T13:00-31.87-15.823072.6TRISTAN DE CUNTAS21E115S72E158.00-8W, WSW, NWPM FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, AM LIGHT WINDSAM CLEAR0000000249392
1794-07-22T13:00-32.55-12.2235012.3TRISTAN DE CUNTAS79E94S76E188.00-10NPM FRESH BREEZES, AM STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLYAM RAINPM CLOUDY0100100249393
1794-07-23T13:00-33.10-8.13260CAPE OF GOOD HOPES86E445S80E210.00-10WNW, NW, WNW, WPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM SQUALLYAM RAIN0100000249394
1794-07-24T12:00-33.70-4.05280CAPE OF GOOD HOPES88E375S80E207.00-13N, NW, WNWPM FRESH BREEZES, AM SQUALLYPM SHOWERS, AM RAIN1100000249395
1794-07-25T12:00-34.00-0.123229.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES89E310S84E196.00-16WNW, NNWPM STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHERPM RAIN0100000249396
1794-07-26T12:00-34.172.602302.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPES89E163S84E136.00-19SW, WSWPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AT 5 MODERATE, AM LIGHT WINDSAT 5 CLOUDY0000000249397
1794-07-27T12:00-34.655.152756.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN89E221S78E130.00-19NWBW, NWBN, WNWPM LIGHT BREEZES, AM MODERATEPM CLEAR WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0000000249398
1794-07-29T11:00-35.158.90182CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN85E158S81E46.00-21N, SSWPM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249399
1794-07-30T11:00-35.3310.822942.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN82E126S83E96.00-21SSW, SW, SBW, NWPM LIGHT BREEZES, AM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLEAR0000000249400
1794-07-31T11:00-35.7512.65362CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN75E93S74E94.00-23NW, WNW, VARIABLEPM CALMPM CLEAR0000000249401
1794-08-01T11:00-36.3015.95281CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN48E56S78E163.00-23W, SW, SWBS, S1/2E, NWBWPM FRESH BREEZESDRIZZLING RAINPM HAZY WEATHER0100000249402
1794-08-02T11:00-35.1515.951231.0CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN72E43N69.00-23VARIABLE, SE, SEBE, VARIABLE, SEBSPM LIGHT AIRS, AM LIGHT AIRSPM A SWELL FROM THE SWPM CLEAR, AM CLOUDY0000000249403
1794-08-03T11:00-34.6318.031449.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN67E8N73:7E107.00-25S, SBEPM LIGHT BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZESPM CLEAR0000000249404
1794-08-04T11:00-36.7016.9278CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN86E51S23W139.00-23ESE, EBSPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER0000000249405
1794-08-05T11:00-37.3319.22769.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN73E41S71W116.00-25VARIABLE, N, NW, NBW, EBSPM LIGHT AIRS, AM FRESH BREEZESPM HAZY, AM CLEAR0000000249406
1794-08-06T10:00-37.2724.3333322.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN61E110N89E246.00-27NNW, NPM FRESH BREEZES, AM STRONG GALES AND SQUALLYPM CLOUDY0000000249407
1794-08-07T10:00-36.5329.40332ST PAULSS88:45E773N78:45E249.00-28NNW, NW, NPM FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, AM SQUALLY0000100249408
1794-08-08T10:00-35.6734.353099.3ST PAULSS87E706N78E245.00-29NW, WNW, WBN, W, NNWPM STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, AM FRESH BREEZESAM CLOUDY0000000249409
1794-08-09T09:00-35.6338.02275ST PAULSS86E650E180.00-29SWBW, SW, NWBWPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHERPM CLOUDY0000000249410
1794-08-10T09:00-35.7342.332869.3ST PAULSS86E580S88E210.00-29W, SW, NWPM MODERATE BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY, AM CLOUDY0000000249411
1794-08-11T09:00-35.8046.35220ST PAULSS86E515S88:36E195.00-28W, NW, NWBN, WSWPM FRESH GALESPM CLOUDY0000000249412
1794-08-12T09:00-35.8850.7327719.0ST PAULSS86E444S87:15E213.00-27NNW, NWBWPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHER, AM FRESH GALESAM CLOUDY0000000249413
1794-08-13T08:00-35.2354.47313ST PAULSS83E383N78:30E188.00-25NW, SBW, SSW, SW, NNWPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100100249414
1794-08-14T08:00-34.9857.98247ST PAULSS81E330N86E174.00-23WNW, WPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249415
1794-08-15T08:00-34.9360.80225ST PAULSS80E283N88:40E138.00-23WNW, W, NW, WSWPM FRESH BREEZESPM HAZY WEATHER0000000249416
1794-08-16T08:00-34.8064.4831719.0ST PAULSS76E225N87:26E181.00-21NNWPM MODERATE, AM FRESH GALESPM HAZY WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0000000249417
1794-08-17T07:00-33.7368.222969.3ST PAULSS65E177N70:30E195.00-19S, SBE, NWPM FRESH BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYAM RAINPM CLEAR WEATHER0100000249418
1794-08-18T07:00-32.5770.20139ST PAULSN52E163N56E120.00-19SBE, SW, SSEPM MODERATE BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249419
1794-08-19T07:00-31.0873.90246ST PAULSN62E145N65E208.00-13SW, SSW, WBSPM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY0000000249420
1794-08-20T07:00-29.9375.28145ST PAULSS74E159N44:10E100.00-13W, SSEPM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER0000000249421
1794-08-21T07:00-27.9276.933139.3CEYLONN7E680N34E157.00-13NW, NNW, NWBNPM LIGHT BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZESPM CLOUDY WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0000000249422
1794-08-22T07:00-24.8877.673189.3CEYLONN6E616N12:30E190.00-8WSW, S, SSE, NWBNPM MODERATE BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYPM CLOUDY0000000249423
1794-08-23T07:00-21.2777.281299.3CEYLONN7:30E547N6W217.00-6ESE, E, SEPM FRESH BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHERPM RAINPM HAZY0100000249424
1794-08-24T07:00-17.9277.28107CEYLONN9E481N201.00-6EBS, E, ESEPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHER, AM SQUALLY0000000249425
1794-08-25T07:00-14.7877.28121CEYLONN10E416N188.00-3EBS, SEBEPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHER0000000249426
1794-08-26T07:00-12.1577.82100CEYLONN10E364N11:15E162.00-1ESE, SE, EBSPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHER0000000249427
1794-08-27T07:00-10.1378.22112CEYLONN10E323N11:15E123.00-1SE, SSE, ESEPM LIGHT AIRSPM CLOUDY WEATHER0000000249428
1794-08-28T07:00-8.7378.50179CEYLONN10E296N11:15E86.00-1SSW, SPM LIGHT BREEZESPM FAIR WEATHER0000000249429
1794-08-29T07:00-7.0878.73203CEYLONN10E263N8E100.000SSE, SSWPM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER0000000249430
1794-08-30T07:00-4.8579.052486.7CEYLONN10E222N8E135.000SSW, SW, WSWPM LIGHT BREEZES, AM MODERATE BREEZEPM CLOUDY, AM CLOSE CLOUDY WETAHER0000000249431
1794-08-31T07:00-1.3579.672266.7CEYLONN10E146N10E213.001SBW, SSW, SWMODERATE BREEZES, FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, AM MODERATE BREEZESRAINHAZY WEATHER, AM CLOUDY WEATHER0100000249432
1794-09-01T07:000.8580.60192CEYLONS11:5E98N22:30E143.001SSW, W, WNW, SBWPM MODERATE BREEZESPM CLOUDY WEATHER0000000249433
1794-09-02T07:003.9281.87282CEYLONN24W41N22:30E199.001WNW, WBNPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHER0000000249434
1794-09-03T07:007.1382.202712.6CEYLONWNW7N194.001WPM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY WEATHER, AM LIGHT BREEZESAM HAZY WEATHER0000000249435
1794-09-04T07:008.6382.35181TRINCOMALEES84W12N16W90.001ESE, NE, WNW, W, SPM LIGHT BREEZESPM HAZY WEATHER0000000249436
1794-09-05T07:0010.7081.40469.3MADRASN20W53N22:30W136.001SE, SW, NEPM LIGHT BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER, AM CLOUDY0000000249437
1794-09-06T07:0012.1780.322262.6MADRASN16E19N33:45W113.001S, SE, SWPM LIGHT AIRS, AM LIGHT BREEZESPM CLEAR WEATHER0000000249438