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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise from Trincomalee to Port Louis started at 1775-07-19 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752400, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -17.988772 * Median Longitude: 59.135439 * South-bound Latitude: -35.130000 * West-bound Longitude: 21.970000 * North-bound Latitude: 6.950000 * East-bound Longitude: 85.420000
Date/Time Start: 1775-07-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-09-21T11:00:00
Event(s):
Swallow_17750719_NMM_ADM/L/S223 * Latitude Start: 8.620000 * Longitude Start: 81.600000 * Latitude End: -34.680000 * Longitude End: 21.970000 * Date/Time Start: 1775-07-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-09-21T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Voyage: Trincomalee - Port Louis, 1st Observer: James Pigott (Captain), 2nd Observer: Henry Ball (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 302BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 CommentComment
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1131 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
15 
ww
(Weather description)
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
Comment
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1775-07-19T00:007.68362FLAGSTAFF OF BATTACALONWBW1/2W11E, WSW, W, VARIABLEFIRST MODERATESWELL FROM S0000000247410
1775-07-20T07:006.9582.022702.6FRYERS HOODN39W18S39E48.000VARIABLE, SEBS, SE, WLIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLYSWELL FROM S0000000247411
1775-07-21T06:005.6582.502489.3FRYERS HOODN29W40S21E85.000SW, SWBW, WSWFRESH BREEZESLARGE SWELL FROM SCLOUDY0000000247412
1775-07-22T06:004.4383.00260FRYERS HOODN29W65S27E82.001SWBW, W, WBSFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, 5 HARD SQUALLSHEAVY RAINGREAT SWELL0100000247413
1775-07-23T06:003.0884.052159.3FRYERS HOODN30W99S37E82.001WBS, SW, SWBSFRESH BREEZES WITH FREQUENT SQUALLSLARGE SWELL AT SWDARK CLOUDY0000000247414
1775-07-24T06:001.8384.80362FRYERS HOODN28W135S31E87.001SWBS, SW, VARIABLEMODERATE, 8 HARD SQUALLHEAVY RAINCLOUDY0100000247415
1775-07-25T06:001.1585.422946.7FRYERS HOODN32:21W146S31E44.001SWBS, SSW, SBW, WNWLIGHT AIRS, THEN MODERATE BREEZESSWELL FROM S THEN SWCLOUDY0000000247416
1775-07-26T06:000.6584.923616.7FRYERS HOODN46:28W151S41W45.001SEBS, SE, CALMMODERAETVERY HEAVY SWELL TO SCLOUDY0000000247417
1775-07-27T06:000.1384.883611.0FRYERS HOODN25:30W159S4:00W23.001S, SEBS, CALMFIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS, LOOKS VERY SQUALLYFIRST CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER HAZY0000000247418
1775-07-28T06:00-0.6085.301479.3FRYERS HOODN24:44W174S29:00E49.001SSW, SW, CALM, SEBSLIGHT AIRS, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYTHICKRAINSWELL FROM THE SCLOUDY0100000247419
1775-07-29T06:00-1.3084.882269.3FRYERS HOODN21:14W187S37.001WBN, WSW, WBS, SWFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYSEA INCREASES0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247420
1775-07-30T06:00-2.0084.873622.6FRYERS HOODN19:46W199S2W47.001SEBS, SSW, S, VARIABLELIGHT WINDSSWELL AS BEFOREHAZY0000000247421
1775-07-31T06:00-2.0884.653616.7FRYERS HOODN18:39W197S16W45.001ESE, SE, CALMMODERATE AND SQUALLYA CONTINUED HARD RAIN0100000247422
1775-08-01T06:00-2.5084.131591.0FRYERS HOODN15:04W202S40W41.001SEBS, SSELIGHT AIRSHARD RAIN AT TIMES0100000247423
1775-08-02T06:00-2.5084.101470.0FRYERS HOODN11:06W203S35W14.001SE, SEBSFIRST SQUALLY, LATTER CALMHARD RAINMIDDLE THICK LATTER FAIR0100000247424
1775-08-03T06:00-2.8284.15180FRYERS HOODN84:40W207S24:10W13.000SEBS, SE, SCALM, AM SQUALLYFAIR0000000247425
1775-08-04T06:00-3.2884.171461.0FRYERS HOODN14:10W217S25:00W29.000SBW, SE, SEBSLIGHT AIRSCLOUDY0000000247426
1775-08-05T06:00-4.0084.05135FRYERS HOODN12:41W232S4:0E71.000S, SBW, SEFIRST MODERATE, AM SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY0100000247427
1775-08-06T06:00-5.7082.971699.3FRYERS HOODS6:27W260S34W114.000SE, SBEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000247428
1775-08-07T07:00-7.8881.351349.3FRYERS HOODN0:34E303S36W164.00-1SEBE, SEFRESH BREEZESSWELL FROM THE SECLOUDY0000000247429
1775-08-08T07:00-9.6780.081456.7FRYERS HOODN4:46E340S35W130.00-1SE, SEBSMODERATEFAIR0000000247430
1775-08-09T07:00-11.3878.581349.3FRYERS HOODN8:53E370S40W137.00-1SEBS, SEFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYSE SWELL0000000247431
1775-08-10T07:00-13.2877.321206.7DIEGO RAYSS67:07W332S36W138.00-4SE, SEBEFIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000247432
1775-08-11T07:00-15.9275.408619.0DIEGO RAYSS74:06W270S33:45W188.00-4SEBE, EFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY0000000247433
1775-08-12T07:00-18.3872.821189.3DIEGO RAYSS82:32W215S46W208.00-6SE, SEBEFIRST AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE SQUALLYVERY COOLCLOUDY0000000247434
1775-08-13T07:00-19.8269.62829.3DIEGO RAYSN89:25W163S65:00W201.00-8SE, EFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY0000000247435
1775-08-14T08:00-19.7566.10806.7DIEGO RAYSN89:48W95S89:00W198.00-10SE, ESE, EFIRST AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZESDRIZZLING RAINLARGE SWELL FROM EFAIR0100000247436
1775-08-15T08:00-19.8061.02776.7MAURITIUSS81:04W50S89:00W135.00-13ESE, EMODERATE BREEZESFAIR0000000247437
1775-08-16T08:00-20.1258.981226.7MAURITIUSS85:46W10S79W126.00-13SEBS, SSE, SEMODERATEFAIR0000000247438
1775-08-17T08:00-20.0557.45406.7PORT LEWISSBW21-16SSE, SE, SEBE, NEBEMODERATEFAIR0000000247439
1775-08-25T08:00-21.1256.622206.7PORT LOUISN59E38S57W113.00-16ESE, NWBW, WBN, SWBWMODERATECLOUDY0000000247440
1775-08-26T08:00-22.6856.15206PORT LOUISN26:00E57S11E104.00-19N, NNE, SWRAINTHICK0100000247441
1775-08-27T08:00-23.8755.71251PORT LOUISN24:00E81S6W71.00-19SWBW, WRAINTHICK0100000247442
1775-08-28T08:00-25.1756.432296.7PORT LOUISN10:58E103S27E87.00-19WBS, WSWMODERATECOOLPLEASANT0000000247443
1775-08-29T08:00-25.6856.702176.7PORT LOUISN7:26E111S21E33.00-19SBW, SW, SWBWMODERATECLEAR0000000247444
1775-08-30T08:00-26.6855.111166.7PORT LOUISN18:50E137S55W104.00-19SBW, SSE, SEMODERATEFAIR0000000247445
1775-08-31T08:00-27.6053.751596.7PORT LOUISN24:33E163S51W93.00-21SSE, SMODERATEFAIR0000000247446
1775-09-01T09:00-28.4251.651579.3POINT LEWISN29:40E202S68W127.00-23NNE, SLIGHT WINDS, THEN BLOWS FRESHFAIR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247447
1775-09-02T09:00-29.5847.9267POINT LEWISS76:47W464S68W199.00-23EFIRST FRESH BREEZESMID HARD RAINSWELL AS BEFORECLOUDY0100000a trivial correction was made in this observation247448
1775-09-03T09:00-30.0044.523626.7POINT LEWISS75:53W403S74W200.00-25VARIABLEFRESH BREEZES, THEN VARIABLE AND SQUALLY, THEN MODERATEDRIZZLING RAIN, THEN SHOWERS OF RAINCLOUDY1100000a trivial correction was made in this observation247449
1775-09-04T09:00-30.3541.57646.7POINT LEWISS75:12W356S81:00W152.00-26EMODERATEFAIR AND FINE0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247450
1775-09-05T09:00-31.3039.702336.7CAPE LAGULLASS77:00W320S61:00W108.00-26E, N, WBSFIRST LIGHT AIRS MID AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST FAIR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247451
1775-09-06T09:00-31.0038.523626.7CAPE LAGULLASS75:00W302N70:00W50.00-26VARIABLEMODERATEWESTERRN SWELLHAZY THEN CLOUDY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247452
1775-09-07T10:00-30.2037.402336.7CAPE LAGULLASS71:13W292S46:00W77.00-26WSW, SW, WBSFIRST AND MID SQUALLY, LATTER MORE MODERATEHARD RAINGREAT HEAD SEA0100000a trivial correction was made in this observation247453
1775-09-08T10:00-29.2236.462446.7CAPE LAGULLASS66:10W290N42:00W79.00-26WMODERATE AND SQUALLY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247454
1775-09-09T10:00-28.7535.9119CAPE LAGULLASS64:08W287S42:00W39.00-26WSW, WNW, NEFIRST AND MID MODERATESOUTHERN SWELLCLOUDY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247455
1775-09-10T10:00-30.4533.183624.6CAPE LAGULLASS66:50W226S53:00W170.00-26NE, VARIABLEGENTLE BREEZESCLEAR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247456
1775-09-11T10:00-31.2231.681786.7CAPE LAGULLASS67:49W200S60:00W91.00-25SBW, SW, SSWGENTLE BREEZES TEHN MODERATECLEAR THEN FAIR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247457
1775-09-12T10:00-32.5729.033119.0CAPE LAGULLASS64:00W151S59:00W156.00-25SBW, E, NEBELIGHT AIRS THEN FRESH GALESGREAT HEAD SEAFAIR THEN HAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247458
1775-09-13T10:00-34.2826.842466.7CAPE LAGULLASS83:20W117S38:00W130.00-24NEBE, WFRESH GALES LATER MODERATEWATER VERY SMOOTHHAZY, LATER FAIR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247459
1775-09-14T10:00-34.3326.41219.3CAPE LAGULLASS83:25W98S80:00W36.00-24WBS, W, NEMODERATE, FINE BREEZESGREAT DEWSWELL FROM THE SWCLOUDY, FAIR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247460
1775-09-15T10:00-34.3025.2944CAPE LAGULLASS82:50W78S86:00W53.00-24NE, SEBE, ENEHEAVY DEWSHAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247461
1775-09-16T10:00-34.5224.312912.6CAPE LAGULLASS82:50W63S74:00W48.00-24ESE, SBE, NWLIGHT WINDSHAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247462
1775-09-17T10:00-34.3323.843622.6CAPE LAGULLASS48:42W56N61:00W22.00-24VARIABLELIGHT WINDSHAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247463
1775-09-18T10:00-34.2723.572466.7CAPE LAGULLASS76:37W51N51:00W13.00-24CALM, NEBE, WFIRST THICK HAZY, MIDDLE SQUALLY, 8AM MORE MODERATE0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247464
1775-09-19T10:00-34.7023.513026.7-24WBS, WSW, NWBNMODERATEGREAT SWELLFAIR, THEN DARK CLOUDY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247465
1775-09-20T10:00-35.1323.392699.3CAPE LAGULLASS83:15W40S28:00W48.00-24WNW, WBS, WNWFRESH GALES, FRESH BREEZESLARGE SEA FROM WHAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247466
1775-09-21T11:00-34.6821.972269.3CAPE LAGULLASS79:40W26S51:00W48.00-22NW, W, WBS, WSWFRESH GALES, TEHN FRESH BREEZESHAZY, THEN CLOUDY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation247467