García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise from St. Helena to Madras started at 1771-05-06 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752395, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -19.536786 * Median Longitude: 30.516071 * South-bound Latitude: -38.580000 * West-bound Longitude: -10.850000 * North-bound Latitude: 9.630000 * East-bound Longitude: 80.800000
Date/Time Start: 1771-05-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1771-06-30T07:00:00
Event(s):
Swallow_17710506_NMM_ADM/L/S568 * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1771-05-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1771-06-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Voyage: St Helena - Madras, 1st Observer: James Shirley (Captain), 2nd Observer: Philip Hue (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 302BM
Parameter(s):
# | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
14 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
16 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
17 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
18 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
19 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
20 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
21 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
22 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
23 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
24 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
25 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
26 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1072 data points
Data
1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 V descr | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 ww (Weather description) | 17 Precip descr | 18 State sea descr | 19 Clearness | 20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 21 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 22 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 23 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 25 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 26 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1771-05-06T12:00 | -15.20 | -5.70 | 145 | 6.7 | ST HELENA | S | 4 | -13 | SSE | MODERATE BREEZES AND CALM | FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248176 | |||||||
1771-05-07T12:00 | -17.85 | -7.28 | 123 | 9.3 | ST HELENA | N28E | 42 | S29W | 125.00 | -12 | VARIABLE, SE | LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248177 | |||||
1771-05-08T13:00 | -19.87 | -8.55 | 136 | 9.3 | ST HELENA | N30E | 89 | S30:56W | 141.00 | -10 | SEBS | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248178 | |||||
1771-05-09T13:00 | -20.80 | -8.63 | 58 | 2.6 | ST HELENA | N26E | 107 | S4W | 56.00 | -10 | SSE-ENE | LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248179 | |||||
1771-05-10T13:00 | -22.07 | -8.37 | 35 | 1.0 | ST HELENA | N18E | 128 | S11E | 78.00 | -10 | NE | LIGHT AIRS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248180 | ||||
1771-05-11T13:00 | -22.52 | -8.72 | 149 | 2.6 | ST HELENA | N20E | 138 | S34W | 35.00 | -9 | SE-SSE | FIRST AND MID INCLINABLE TO CALM, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248181 | ||||||
1771-05-12T13:00 | -23.90 | -9.98 | 137 | 6.7 | ST HELENA | N24E | 173 | S39:22W | 100.00 | -9 | SEBS | MODERATE BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248182 | |||||
1771-05-13T13:00 | -25.40 | -10.85 | 104 | 6.7 | ST HELENA | N25E | 203 | S20W | 101.00 | -9 | ESE | MODERATE BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248183 | |||||
1771-05-14T13:00 | -27.90 | -10.57 | 83 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N19E | 251 | S6E | 147.00 | -7 | E | FRESH GALES WITH SQUALLS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248184 | ||||
1771-05-15T13:00 | -30.82 | -9.12 | 61 | 6.7 | ST HELENA | N10E | 301 | S25E | 196.00 | -7 | ENE | FRESH GALES, THEN MORE MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248185 | ||||||
1771-05-16T12:00 | -32.58 | -7.28 | 36 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N3E | 332 | S44W | 146.00 | -9 | NNE, NE | FRESH GALES | GREAT SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248186 | ||||
1771-05-17T12:00 | -33.03 | -4.38 | 194 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N6W | 334 | S79E | 143.00 | -9 | SSW | FRESH GALES | GREAT SWELL FROM THE SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248187 | ||||
1771-05-18T12:00 | -34.20 | -0.32 | 327 | ST HELENA | N16W | 378 | N71E | 219.00 | -11 | NNW | FIRST AND MID FRESH GALES, LATTER WITH LESS WIND | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248188 | ||||||
1771-05-19T12:00 | -34.07 | 3.12 | 290 | 9.3 | ST HELENA | N24W | 411 | S79E | 168.00 | -14 | NWBW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248189 | |||||
1771-05-20T12:00 | -35.03 | 6.87 | 301 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N35W | 464 | S84E | 189.00 | -14 | NW | FRESH GALES, MID SQUALLY | CLEAR LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248190 | |||||
1771-05-21T11:00 | -35.03 | 11.70 | 354 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N40W | 496 | E | 237.00 | -17 | NBE | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248191 | ||||||
1771-05-22T11:00 | -35.03 | 15.97 | 206 | 9.3 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N66E | 46 | E | 209.00 | -19 | WNW, SW | FRESH BREEZES | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248192 | ||||
1771-05-23T11:00 | -35.57 | 17.57 | 249 | 6.7 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N32E | 34 | S68E | 83.00 | -21 | SW-W | FIRST FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248193 | ||||||
1771-05-24T11:00 | -35.70 | 19.99 | 294 | 9.3 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N35W | 38 | S85E | 130.00 | -21 | NW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248194 | |||||
1771-05-25T11:00 | -37.00 | 19.87 | 103 | 6.7 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N20W | 61 | S2W | 74.00 | -21 | WNW-SEBE | FRESH GALES WITH SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATE | GREAT SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248195 | ||||
1771-05-26T11:00 | -38.42 | 21.61 | 25 | 6.7 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N30W | 99 | S43E | 120.00 | -20 | SSE-NE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE INCLINABLE TO CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248196 | ||||||
1771-05-27T10:00 | -38.58 | 23.62 | 22 | 6.7 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N39W | 115 | S84E | 97.00 | -23 | NE | LATTER MORE MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248197 | |||||
1771-05-28T10:00 | -38.50 | 24.91 | 180 | 6.7 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N50W | 116 | N85E | 66.00 | -23 | NE-SSW | MODERATE, MID AND LATTER HAZY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248198 | |||||
1771-05-29T10:00 | -37.95 | 28.30 | 134 | 19.0 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N49W | 162 | N79E | 163.00 | -24 | S-SSE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248199 | |||||
1771-05-30T10:00 | -36.70 | 29.82 | 65 | 19.0 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N75W | 200 | N44E | 106.00 | -25 | SSE-E | FRESH GALES | LIGTHNING | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248200 | ||||
1771-05-31T10:00 | -37.58 | 31.73 | 21 | 19.0 | CAPE BON ESPERANCE | N73W | 227 | S66E | 103.00 | -24 | E, NE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248201 | |||||
1771-06-01T10:00 | -37.25 | 34.99 | 244 | 19.0 | CAPE ST MARYS | N38E | 292 | N85E | 160.00 | -26 | NE-W | MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | FIRST HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248202 | ||||
1771-06-02T09:00 | -35.52 | 37.90 | 323 | 19.0 | CAPE ST MARYS | N35E | 237 | N55E | 175.00 | -26 | WNW-NBW | FRESH GALES | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248203 | |||
1771-06-03T09:00 | -33.47 | 40.35 | 312 | 19.0 | CAPE ST MARYS | N31E | 180 | N44E | 173.00 | -26 | NNW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248204 | |||||
1771-06-04T09:00 | -30.58 | 41.16 | 222 | 6.7 | CAPE ST MARYS | N40E | 125 | N14E | 180.00 | -26 | NBW-WSW | STRONG RIPPLING | FRESH GALES, LATTER MORE MODERATE | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248205 | ||
1771-06-05T09:00 | -28.48 | 41.12 | 255 | 6.7 | CAPE ST MARYS | N56E | 165 | N | 123.00 | -26 | WBN | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248206 | |||||
1771-06-06T09:00 | -27.83 | 41.08 | 361 | 2.6 | CAPE ST MARYS | N63E | 90 | N | 40.00 | -26 | WNW, S, CALM | SW | 0.5 | LIGHT BREEZES INCLINABLE TO CALM | SMALL RAIN | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248207 | ||
1771-06-07T09:00 | -26.37 | 40.55 | 167 | 9.3 | CAPE ST MARYS | S83E | 96 | N17W | 93.00 | -24 | SBW | LIGHT BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248208 | |||||
1771-06-08T09:00 | -24.15 | 41.31 | 111 | 19.0 | CAPE ST MARYS | S67E | 83 | N18E | 140.00 | -24 | SSE-SE | FRESH GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248209 | |||||
1771-06-09T09:00 | -23.20 | 42.83 | 292 | 9.3 | CAPE ST AUGUSTINES | N83E | 17 | N56:15E | 103.00 | -23 | SE-NW | FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248210 | |||||
1771-06-10T09:00 | -22.30 | 42.03 | 180 | 6.7 | CAPE ST AUGUSTINES | S58E | 36 | N41E | 68.00 | -23 | WBN-SSW | MODERATE WITH LIGHT BREEZES | SMALL DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248211 | |||||
1771-06-11T09:00 | -19.13 | 41.98 | 180 | 19.0 | CAPE ST AUGUSTINES | N36E | 24 | N | 190.00 | -23 | SSW | FRESH GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248212 | |||||
1771-06-12T09:00 | -16.70 | 43.28 | 172 | 19.0 | CAPE ST AUGUSTINES | N38E | 24 | N27E | 166.00 | -19 | S, SSW, SBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248213 | |||||
1771-06-13T09:00 | -13.67 | 44.50 | 94 | 19.0 | JUANA | N12W | 31 | N23E | 195.00 | -19 | SSW-ESE | FRESH GALES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248214 | ||||
1771-06-14T09:00 | -11.67 | 44.66 | 152 | 19.0 | SADDLE HILL | NNE | 1 | -17 | ESE, E, SBE | FRESH GALES | FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248215 | |||||||
1771-06-15T09:00 | -9.67 | 44.81 | 186 | 6.7 | COMORO | WSW | 17 | -17 | SSW | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248216 | |||||||
1771-06-16T09:00 | -7.67 | 44.97 | 186 | JUANNA | S | 64 | N | 194.00 | -17 | SSW | FIRST AND MID FRESH GALES, ATTER SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248217 | |||||
1771-06-17T09:00 | -4.38 | 45.27 | 188 | 19.0 | JUANNA | S3W | 156 | N6E | 200.00 | -15 | SSW | FRESH GALES | LIGHTNING | SHOWERING | PLEASANT | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248218 | |||
1771-06-18T09:00 | -1.20 | 46.89 | 177 | 19.0 | JUANNA | S11W | 223 | N28E | 217.00 | -14 | SBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | LIGHTNING AND THUNDER | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248219 | ||||
1771-06-19T09:00 | 1.37 | 48.80 | 191 | 19.0 | JUANNA | S17W | 284 | N38E | 194.00 | -12 | SSW | FRESH GALES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248220 | ||||
1771-06-20T09:00 | 3.30 | 51.46 | 214 | 19.0 | JUANNA | S21W | 332 | N55E | 200.00 | -11 | WSW-SW | FRESH GALES, INCLINABLE TO CALM | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248221 | ||||
1771-06-21T08:00 | 4.78 | 54.61 | 240 | 19.0 | JUANNA | S31W | 396 | N65E | 215.00 | -8 | SW, WSW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248222 | |||||
1771-06-22T08:00 | 6.58 | 57.73 | 219 | 19.0 | JUANNA | S35W | 458 | N61E | 220.00 | -6 | SW | FRESH GALES | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248223 | |||||
1771-06-23T08:00 | 8.35 | 61.23 | 230 | 19.0 | CAPE GALLOS CYLONE | S84E | 415 | N64E | 240.00 | -6 | SWBW | FRESH GALES | FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248224 | |||||
1771-06-24T08:00 | 9.63 | 64.96 | 221 | 19.0 | STH END OF CYLON | S84E | 415 | N86E | 230.00 | -4 | SW | FRESH GALES | SOME SHOWERS OF RAIN | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248225 | ||||
1771-06-25T07:00 | 8.92 | 68.70 | 234 | 19.0 | STH END OF CYLON | S69E | 242 | N86E | 230.00 | -2 | SWBW | FRESH GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248226 | |||||
1771-06-26T07:00 | 8.62 | 72.11 | 246 | STH END OF CYLON | S73E | 172 | N85E | 211.00 | -2 | WSW | FIRST SMALL RAIN | MID AND LATTER FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248227 | ||||||
1771-06-27T07:00 | 8.63 | 75.56 | 258 | 19.0 | STH END OF CYLON | S80E | 98 | E | 210.00 | -1 | WBS | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248228 | ||||||
1771-06-28T07:00 | 7.98 | 78.03 | 203 | STH END OF CYLON | S49E | 56 | S76E | 158.00 | 0 | WSW-SSW | FRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLY | RAIN | FAIR PLEASANT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248229 | |||||
1771-06-29T07:00 | 6.35 | 79.90 | 68 | 19.0 | STH END OF CYLON | S46E | 6 | S50E | 153.00 | 0 | SEBS-ENE | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248230 | |||||
1771-06-30T07:00 | 5.97 | 80.80 | 281 | 2.6 | NEEVEL POINT | WBS | 5 | 0 | W, SW, WBN | LIGHT BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248231 |