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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise from St. Helena to Madras started at 1771-05-06 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752395, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -19.536786 * Median Longitude: 30.516071 * South-bound Latitude: -38.580000 * West-bound Longitude: -10.850000 * North-bound Latitude: 9.630000 * East-bound Longitude: 80.800000
Date/Time Start: 1771-05-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1771-06-30T07:00:00
Event(s):
Swallow_17710506_NMM_ADM/L/S568 * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1771-05-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1771-06-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Voyage: St Helena - Madras, 1st Observer: James Shirley (Captain), 2nd Observer: Philip Hue (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 302BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14 Current speed descriptionV descr
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1072 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
14 
V descr
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
ww
(Weather description)
17 
Precip descr
18 
State sea descr
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
21 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
22 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
23 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
24 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
25 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
26 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1771-05-06T12:00-15.20-5.701456.7ST HELENAS4-13SSEMODERATE BREEZES AND CALMFINE PLEASANT0000000248176
1771-05-07T12:00-17.85-7.281239.3ST HELENAN28E42S29W125.00-12VARIABLE, SELIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000248177
1771-05-08T13:00-19.87-8.551369.3ST HELENAN30E89S30:56W141.00-10SEBSFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000248178
1771-05-09T13:00-20.80-8.63582.6ST HELENAN26E107S4W56.00-10SSE-ENELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY0000000248179
1771-05-10T13:00-22.07-8.37351.0ST HELENAN18E128S11E78.00-10NELIGHT AIRSRAINCLOUDY0100000248180
1771-05-11T13:00-22.52-8.721492.6ST HELENAN20E138S34W35.00-9SE-SSEFIRST AND MID INCLINABLE TO CALM, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES0000000248181
1771-05-12T13:00-23.90-9.981376.7ST HELENAN24E173S39:22W100.00-9SEBSMODERATE BREEZESSMALL RAIN0100000248182
1771-05-13T13:00-25.40-10.851046.7ST HELENAN25E203S20W101.00-9ESEMODERATE BREEZESSMALL RAIN0100000248183
1771-05-14T13:00-27.90-10.578319.0ST HELENAN19E251S6E147.00-7EFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY0100000248184
1771-05-15T13:00-30.82-9.12616.7ST HELENAN10E301S25E196.00-7ENEFRESH GALES, THEN MORE MODERATE0000000248185
1771-05-16T12:00-32.58-7.283619.0ST HELENAN3E332S44W146.00-9NNE, NEFRESH GALESGREAT SWELL FROM SWCLOUDY0000000248186
1771-05-17T12:00-33.03-4.3819419.0ST HELENAN6W334S79E143.00-9SSWFRESH GALESGREAT SWELL FROM THE SWCLOUDY0000000248187
1771-05-18T12:00-34.20-0.32327ST HELENAN16W378N71E219.00-11NNWFIRST AND MID FRESH GALES, LATTER WITH LESS WINDLATTER CLOUDY0000000248188
1771-05-19T12:00-34.073.122909.3ST HELENAN24W411S79E168.00-14NWBWFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000248189
1771-05-20T12:00-35.036.8730119.0ST HELENAN35W464S84E189.00-14NWFRESH GALES, MID SQUALLYCLEAR LATTER CLOUDY0000000248190
1771-05-21T11:00-35.0311.7035419.0ST HELENAN40W496E237.00-17NBEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY0000000248191
1771-05-22T11:00-35.0315.972069.3CAPE BON ESPERANCEN66E46E209.00-19WNW, SWFRESH BREEZESRAINHAZY0100000248192
1771-05-23T11:00-35.5717.572496.7CAPE BON ESPERANCEN32E34S68E83.00-21SW-WFIRST FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE0000000248193
1771-05-24T11:00-35.7019.992949.3CAPE BON ESPERANCEN35W38S85E130.00-21NWFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000248194
1771-05-25T11:00-37.0019.871036.7CAPE BON ESPERANCEN20W61S2W74.00-21WNW-SEBEFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATEGREAT SWELL FROM SWCLOUDY0000000248195
1771-05-26T11:00-38.4221.61256.7CAPE BON ESPERANCEN30W99S43E120.00-20SSE-NEFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE INCLINABLE TO CALM0000000248196
1771-05-27T10:00-38.5823.62226.7CAPE BON ESPERANCEN39W115S84E97.00-23NELATTER MORE MODERATECLEAR0000000248197
1771-05-28T10:00-38.5024.911806.7CAPE BON ESPERANCEN50W116N85E66.00-23NE-SSWMODERATE, MID AND LATTER HAZYHAZY0000000248198
1771-05-29T10:00-37.9528.3013419.0CAPE BON ESPERANCEN49W162N79E163.00-24S-SSEFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000248199
1771-05-30T10:00-36.7029.826519.0CAPE BON ESPERANCEN75W200N44E106.00-25SSE-EFRESH GALESLIGTHNINGHAZY0000100248200
1771-05-31T10:00-37.5831.732119.0CAPE BON ESPERANCEN73W227S66E103.00-24E, NEFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000248201
1771-06-01T10:00-37.2534.9924419.0CAPE ST MARYSN38E292N85E160.00-26NE-WMID AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAINFIRST HAZY0100000248202
1771-06-02T09:00-35.5237.9032319.0CAPE ST MARYSN35E237N55E175.00-26WNW-NBWFRESH GALESTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINCLOUDY0100100248203
1771-06-03T09:00-33.4740.3531219.0CAPE ST MARYSN31E180N44E173.00-26NNWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY0000000248204
1771-06-04T09:00-30.5841.162226.7CAPE ST MARYSN40E125N14E180.00-26NBW-WSWSTRONG RIPPLINGFRESH GALES, LATTER MORE MODERATETHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGSMALL RAINCLOUDY0100100248205
1771-06-05T09:00-28.4841.122556.7CAPE ST MARYSN56E165N123.00-26WBNMODERATECLEAR0000000248206
1771-06-06T09:00-27.8341.083612.6CAPE ST MARYSN63E90N40.00-26WNW, S, CALMSW0.5LIGHT BREEZES INCLINABLE TO CALMSMALL RAINLATTER CLOUDY0100000248207
1771-06-07T09:00-26.3740.551679.3CAPE ST MARYSS83E96N17W93.00-24SBWLIGHT BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY, MID AND LATTER CLEAR0000000248208
1771-06-08T09:00-24.1541.3111119.0CAPE ST MARYSS67E83N18E140.00-24SSE-SEFRESH GALESCLEAR0000000248209
1771-06-09T09:00-23.2042.832929.3CAPE ST AUGUSTINESN83E17N56:15E103.00-23SE-NWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000248210
1771-06-10T09:00-22.3042.031806.7CAPE ST AUGUSTINESS58E36N41E68.00-23WBN-SSWMODERATE WITH LIGHT BREEZESSMALL DRIZZLING RAIN0100000248211
1771-06-11T09:00-19.1341.9818019.0CAPE ST AUGUSTINESN36E24N190.00-23SSWFRESH GALESCLEAR0000000248212
1771-06-12T09:00-16.7043.2817219.0CAPE ST AUGUSTINESN38E24N27E166.00-19S, SSW, SBWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYCLEAR0000000248213
1771-06-13T09:00-13.6744.509419.0JUANAN12W31N23E195.00-19SSW-ESEFRESH GALESRAINCLOUDY0100000248214
1771-06-14T09:00-11.6744.6615219.0SADDLE HILLNNE1-17ESE, E, SBEFRESH GALESFINE PLEASANT0000000248215
1771-06-15T09:00-9.6744.811866.7COMOROWSW17-17SSWMODERATE BREEZESFAIR PLEASANT0000000248216
1771-06-16T09:00-7.6744.97186JUANNAS64N194.00-17SSWFIRST AND MID FRESH GALES, ATTER SQUALLYSOME RAINCLEAR0100000248217
1771-06-17T09:00-4.3845.2718819.0JUANNAS3W156N6E200.00-15SSWFRESH GALESLIGHTNINGSHOWERINGPLEASANT1000100248218
1771-06-18T09:00-1.2046.8917719.0JUANNAS11W223N28E217.00-14SBWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYLIGHTNING AND THUNDERRAIN0100100248219
1771-06-19T09:001.3748.8019119.0JUANNAS17W284N38E194.00-12SSWFRESH GALESRAINCLOUDY0100000248220
1771-06-20T09:003.3051.4621419.0JUANNAS21W332N55E200.00-11WSW-SWFRESH GALES, INCLINABLE TO CALMRAINCLOUDY0100000248221
1771-06-21T08:004.7854.6124019.0JUANNAS31W396N65E215.00-8SW, WSWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYSHOWERS OF RAIN1100000248222
1771-06-22T08:006.5857.7321919.0JUANNAS35W458N61E220.00-6SWFRESH GALESSHOWERS OF RAIN1100000248223
1771-06-23T08:008.3561.2323019.0CAPE GALLOS CYLONES84E415N64E240.00-6SWBWFRESH GALESFINE PLEASANT0000000248224
1771-06-24T08:009.6364.9622119.0STH END OF CYLONS84E415N86E230.00-4SWFRESH GALESSOME SHOWERS OF RAINCLOUDY1100000248225
1771-06-25T07:008.9268.7023419.0STH END OF CYLONS69E242N86E230.00-2SWBWFRESH GALESPLEASANT0000000248226
1771-06-26T07:008.6272.11246STH END OF CYLONS73E172N85E211.00-2WSWFIRST SMALL RAINMID AND LATTER FINE PLEASANT0100000248227
1771-06-27T07:008.6375.5625819.0STH END OF CYLONS80E98E210.00-1WBSFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY0000000248228
1771-06-28T07:007.9878.03203STH END OF CYLONS49E56S76E158.000WSW-SSWFRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLYRAINFAIR PLEASANT0100000248229
1771-06-29T07:006.3579.906819.0STH END OF CYLONS46E6S50E153.000SEBS-ENEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYSMALL RAIN0100000248230
1771-06-30T07:005.9780.802812.6NEEVEL POINTWBS50W, SW, WBNLIGHT BREEZESSMALL RAINHAZY0100000248231