García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise from St. Jago to St. Helena started at 1771-03-13 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752394, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -14.778537 * Median Longitude: -16.906829 * South-bound Latitude: -32.350000 * West-bound Longitude: -26.570000 * North-bound Latitude: 12.320000 * East-bound Longitude: 0.260000
Date/Time Start: 1771-03-13T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1771-04-29T12:00:00
Event(s):
Swallow_17710313_NMM_ADM/L/S568 * Latitude Start: 14.080000 * Longitude Start: -22.490000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1771-03-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1771-04-29T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Voyage: St Jago - St Helena, 1st Observer: James Shirley (Captain), 2nd Observer: Philip Hue (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 302BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
789 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 ww (Weather description) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1771-03-13T13:00 | 12.32 | -20.32 | 35 | 6.7 | ST JAGO | N47W | 48 | S43E | 207.00 | -10 | NE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248135 | ||||
| 1771-03-14T13:00 | 10.30 | -18.92 | 350 | 6.7 | ST PAULS | S30W | 268 | S35E | 143.00 | -10 | NE-N | FRESH BREEZES THEN MODERATE | HOT SULTRY WEATHER | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248136 | |||
| 1771-03-15T13:00 | 9.30 | -18.35 | 350 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S34W | 254 | S31E | 65.00 | -10 | N | STRONG RIPPLING | LIGHT BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248137 | |||
| 1771-03-16T13:00 | 8.10 | -17.82 | 328 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S39W | 243 | S23E | 79.00 | -10 | NNW | LIGHT BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248138 | ||||
| 1771-03-17T13:00 | 7.42 | -17.67 | 329 | 1.0 | ST PAULS | S41W | 226 | S12E | 44.00 | -9 | NNW | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248139 | ||||
| 1771-03-18T13:00 | 6.97 | -18.00 | 351 | 1.0 | ST PAULS | S42W | 223 | S45W | 30.00 | -9 | N | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248140 | ||
| 1771-03-19T13:00 | 6.35 | -17.78 | 216 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S45W | 214 | S22E | 40.00 | -9 | N, SW | LIGHT BREEZES | LIGHTNING | VARIABLE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248141 | |||
| 1771-03-20T13:00 | 5.53 | -18.18 | 47 | 9.3 | ST PAULS | S47W | 201 | S24W | 54.00 | -9 | NEBE | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLS AT TIMES | HEAVY RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248142 | |||
| 1771-03-21T13:00 | 4.68 | -18.05 | 104 | 1.0 | ST PAULS | S51W | 191 | S8E | 32.00 | -9 | ESE | FIRST AND MID CALM, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 248143 | |||
| 1771-03-29T13:00 | -0.30 | -19.73 | 262 | 1.0 | ST PAULS | S80W | 117 | S49W | 43.00 | -8 | W | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248144 | |||||
| 1771-03-30T13:00 | -1.92 | -20.45 | 127 | 9.3 | ST PAULS | N83W | 101 | S28W | 113.00 | -8 | SE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248145 | ||||
| 1771-03-31T13:00 | -3.33 | -20.92 | 117 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | N66W | 96 | S13W | 83.00 | -7 | SEBE | LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248146 | ||||
| 1771-04-01T13:00 | -5.88 | -22.02 | 128 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | S15W | 300 | S28W | 170.00 | -7 | SE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248147 | ||||
| 1771-04-02T14:00 | -8.40 | -23.12 | 221 | 19.0 | TRINIDADO | S13W | 247 | S13W | 161.00 | -4 | SE-SW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248148 | ||||
| 1771-04-03T14:00 | -10.98 | -24.20 | 210 | 19.0 | TRINIDADO | S10W | 191 | S23W | 172.00 | -4 | SWBS | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248149 | ||||
| 1771-04-04T14:00 | -13.43 | -24.60 | 132 | 19.0 | TRINIDADO | S11W | 141 | S9W | 149.00 | -3 | SE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248150 | ||||
| 1771-04-05T14:00 | -15.13 | -24.50 | 65 | 12.3 | TRINIDADO | S15W | 109 | S3E | 104.00 | -3 | ENE | FIRST LIGHT BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH WIND | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248151 | ||||
| 1771-04-06T14:00 | -17.47 | -24.40 | 87 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | S27W | 66 | S2E | 142.00 | -3 | E | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248152 | |||||
| 1771-04-07T14:00 | -18.38 | -24.43 | 223 | 1.0 | TRINIDADO | S36W | 50 | S2W | 52.00 | -2 | W, S, SW | LIGHT AIRS | FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248153 | ||||
| 1771-04-08T14:00 | -19.05 | -24.70 | 223 | 1.0 | TRINIDADO | S42W | 37 | S22:30W | 40.00 | -2 | S, SW | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248154 | ||||
| 1771-04-09T14:00 | -20.08 | -25.78 | 223 | TRINIDADO | S58W | 24 | S33:45W | 82.00 | -2 | SBW, SW | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248155 | |||||
| 1771-04-10T14:00 | -21.43 | -26.30 | 201 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | N1/2E | 10 | S18W | 55.00 | -2 | SWBS, SSW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248156 | ||||
| 1771-04-11T14:00 | -23.53 | -26.30 | 179 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | N16E | 65 | S16W | 132.00 | -1 | SSW-S | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248157 | ||||
| 1771-04-12T14:00 | -26.37 | -26.57 | 67 | TRINIDADO | N5E | 119 | S7E | 170.00 | -1 | SSE, ENE | MODERATE, LATTER SQUALLY | GREAT SWELL FROM SE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248158 | ||||
| 1771-04-13T14:00 | -29.00 | -25.60 | 80 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | N2E | 190 | S19E | 167.00 | 1 | EBN | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248159 | ||||
| 1771-04-14T14:00 | -31.22 | -23.95 | 339 | TRINIDADO | N10W | 219 | S33E | 157.00 | 1 | NNE-NNW | FIRST MODERATE | MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248160 | |||||
| 1771-04-15T13:00 | -31.35 | -21.10 | 144 | 6.7 | TRINIDADO | N22W | 250 | S86E | 140.00 | -2 | NNW-SEBS | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248161 | ||||
| 1771-04-16T13:00 | -32.35 | -20.59 | 358 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | N22W | 258 | S22E | 63.00 | -2 | SE-N | FRESH BREEZES WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS | GREAT SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248162 | |||
| 1771-04-17T13:00 | -32.15 | -17.22 | 333 | 6.7 | TRINIDADO | N32W | 284 | N86E | 180.00 | -5 | NNW | FRESH GALES, LATER MORE MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248163 | ||||
| 1771-04-18T13:00 | -31.70 | -13.16 | 288 | 19.0 | TRINIDADO | N45W | 316 | N82E | 212.00 | -5 | NNW, WNW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248164 | ||||
| 1771-04-19T13:00 | -31.32 | -9.63 | 274 | 9.3 | TRINIDADO | N53W | 363 | N83E | 176.00 | -7 | NW, WBN | FRESH BREEZES | FAIR PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248165 | ||||
| 1771-04-20T13:00 | -31.32 | -7.59 | 184 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N5E | 308 | E | 104.00 | -7 | W-SBW | FIRST LITTLE WIND, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FREQUENT SHOWERS OF SMALL RAIN | FAIR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248166 | |||
| 1771-04-21T12:00 | -31.32 | -6.70 | 91 | 2.6 | ST HELENA | N2E | 306 | E | 49.00 | -10 | SSE, EBS | LIGHT BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248167 | ||||
| 1771-04-22T12:00 | -31.33 | -5.54 | 238 | 0.0 | ST HELENA | N1E | 300 | E | 57.00 | -10 | N-WSW | FIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER CALM | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248168 | |||
| 1771-04-23T12:00 | -30.78 | -1.67 | 179 | 9.3 | ST HELENA | N15E | 305 | N80E | 183.00 | -12 | SBW | FRESH BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248169 | |||
| 1771-04-24T12:00 | -28.93 | 0.26 | 213 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | N23W | 280 | N44E | 159.00 | -12 | SW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248170 | ||||
| 1771-04-25T12:00 | -25.47 | -1.95 | 122 | 9.3 | ST HELENA | N21W | 203 | N22:30W | 224.00 | -13 | SW-SE | FRESH BREEZES | GREAT SWELL FROM THE SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248171 | |||
| 1771-04-26T12:00 | -22.15 | -3.01 | 123 | 6.7 | ST HELENA | N23W | 133 | N16:52W | 210.00 | -12 | SE | FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | GREAT SWELL FROM THE SE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248172 | |||
| 1771-04-27T12:00 | -18.80 | -3.58 | 112 | 22.6 | ST HELENA | N36W | 69 | N10W | 203.00 | -12 | SEBE | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248173 | ||||
| 1771-04-28T12:00 | -16.02 | -4.04 | 122 | 22.6 | ST HELENA | W | 32 | N10W | 170.00 | -13 | SE | STRONG GLAES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248174 | ||||
| 1771-04-29T12:00 | -16.00 | -5.00 | 122 | 19.0 | ST HELENA | W | 13 | W | 58.00 | -13 | SSE-SE | FRESH GALES | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 248175 |