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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SUMATRA cruise from St. George Delmina to Rio de Janeiro started at 1828-08-21 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752361, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -8.725000 * Median Longitude: -14.146250 * South-bound Latitude: -23.080000 * West-bound Longitude: -43.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 3.830000 * East-bound Longitude: 5.720000
Date/Time Start: 1828-08-25T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1828-09-25T15:00:00
Event(s):
Sumatra_18280821_MAR_D23905_2226 * Latitude Start: 4.900000 * Longitude Start: -1.350000 * Latitude End: -23.370000 * Longitude End: -43.120000 * Date/Time Start: 1828-08-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1828-09-25T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Sumatra (Fregat), Voyage: St George D'Elmina - Rio De Janeiro, 1st Observer: Engelbertus Lucas (Ktz), Company: MAR, Other ship information: BEMAND MET 350 KOPPEN. 28 STUKKEN VAN 18 POND, 18 CARRONADES VAN 24 POND, 2 STUKKEN VAN 12 POND
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7Temperature, airTTT°C
8Image number/nameImage no/nameIdentification Number of the original image
9LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
10BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
11Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
12LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
13BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
14Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
15--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
16WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
17GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
18CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
19DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
20DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
21Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
22Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
23Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
24Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
25Present weatherwwWeather description
26Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
27State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
28Cloud typeCloud type
29ClearnessClearness
30GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
31Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
32FogFog1 If fog was reported
33Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
34ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
35HailHail1 If hail was reported
36Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
37IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
811 data points

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