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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during STANDARD cruise from Plymouth to St. Helena started at 1796-02-29 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752330, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -5.963333 * Median Longitude: -16.996667 * South-bound Latitude: -31.120000 * West-bound Longitude: -27.300000 * North-bound Latitude: 48.080000 * East-bound Longitude: 2.500000
Date/Time Start: 1796-02-29T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-05-04T12:00:00
Event(s):
Standard_17960229_NMM_ADM/L/S359 * Latitude Start: 50.299000 * Longitude Start: -4.150000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1796-02-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-05-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Standard, Voyage: Plymouth - St Helena, 1st Observer: Joseph Ellison (Captain), Company: Royal Navy
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14 Current speed descriptionV descr
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1244 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
14 
V descr
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1796-02-29T13:0048.08-7.6564CAPE FINNISTERES18W187WSW146.00-26EBS, E0000000243444
1796-03-01T13:0045.07-9.67559.3CAPE FINNISTERES8W45S25W200.00-24ESE, EBNFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243445
1796-03-02T13:0041.90-12.55122.6PORTO SANCTOS19W189S34W229.00-22NNEFRESH BREEZES THEN STRONG GALES0000000243446
1796-03-03T13:0038.60-14.131219.0PORTO SANCTOS19W117S20W217.00-22NBE, NEBNFRESH GALESCLEAR0000000243447
1796-03-04T13:0035.33-15.573189.3PORTO SANCTOS17W49S20W202.00-20NNWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243448
1796-03-05T13:0032.67-16.502959.3SALVAGESS5E51S16W169.00-20NNW, NBE, NWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243449
1796-03-06T13:0029.93-16.32269.3LANCEROTTES84E50S3E180.00-19NEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243450
1796-03-07T00:0028.18456.7GRAND CANARIAWBS8NEMODERATE BREEZES AND PLEASANT0000000243451
1796-03-08T00:0027.02451.0CANARIANBE1/2E11S, SBW, NELIGHT AIRSCLOUDY0000000243452
1796-03-09T13:0026.93-16.981626.7CAPE BAJADORS79E48S52W74.00-18SSE, VARIABLE, SMODERATEPLEASANT0000000243453
1796-03-10T13:0025.58-16.452072.6ST ANTHONYS43W230S20E16.00-18VARIABLE, SWMODERATE BREEZES, AM LIGHT BREEZESRAINCLEAR0100000243454
1796-03-11T13:0023.53-18.132982.6SALS33W164S37W154.00-17NNE, NE, NWFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM LIGHT BREEZESRAINFINE0100000243455
1796-03-12T13:0020.97-20.15632.6SALS31W101S36W191.00-16EBNLIGHT WINDSFINE0000000243456
1796-03-13T13:0018.17-21.93526.7SALS29W35S31W196.00-16NEBE, NE, ENEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT0000000243457
1796-03-14T14:0016.28-22.98339.3BONAVISTAS45W5S28W128.00-12VARIABLE, NEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243458
1796-03-15T00:0014.72459.3MAYONW7NEFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT0000000243459
1796-03-16T14:0013.10-24.402581.0FOGON8W37S20W111.00-12VARIABLE, WLIGHT AIRSCLEAR0000000243460
1796-03-17T14:009.92-23.77572.6FOGON7W102S11E195.00-11ENELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000243461
1796-03-18T14:007.67-23.53576.7FOGON7W147S5E136.00-11ENEMODERATECLEAR0000000243462
1796-03-19T14:006.37-23.03352.6FOGON9W174S21E64.00-10NELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT0000000243463
1796-03-20T14:004.93-23.15351.0FOGON8W202S5W87.00-10VARIABLE, NELIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM0000000243464
1796-03-21T14:004.05-23.321146.7FOGON6W219S11W54.00-10E, SEBEMODERATECLEAR0000000243465
1796-03-22T14:002.97-23.38125FOGON5W240S4W65.00-10SESQUALLYRAIN0100100243466
1796-03-23T14:001.42-23.50812.6FOGON4W271S4W93.00-9SSE, ELIGHT BREEZESRAIN0100000243467
1796-03-24T14:000.37-23.771046.7FOGON3W292S14W66.00-9SE, ESELIGHT AIRS, AM MODERATECLEAR, AM PLEASANT0000000243468
1796-03-25T14:00-1.18-24.151261.0TRINIDADS18W402S14W96.00-9SELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT0000000243469
1796-03-26T14:00-1.07-24.421041.0TRINIDADS18W390S29W33.00-9ESELIGHT AIRSRAINPLEASANT0100000243470
1796-03-27T14:00-1.78-24.721261.0TRINIDADS17W386S70W20.00-9SEBS, SELIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM0000000243471
1796-03-28T14:00-2.40-25.351152.6TRINIDADS15W376S46W53.00-9VARIABLE, SEBEMODERATE, AM LIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000243472
1796-03-29T14:00-3.12-25.531831.0TRINIDADS16W357S14W45.00-8VARIABLE, SBWLIGHT AIRSPLEASANT0000000243473
1796-03-30T14:00-4.30-26.35932.6TRINIDADS15W331S22W77.00-8SEBE, SEBS, SE, EBSLIGHT AIRS, AM LIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT, AM CLOUDY0000000243474
1796-03-31T14:00-5.95-26.601272.6TRINIDADS15W298S20W99.00-8SELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT0000000243475
1796-04-01T14:00-7.73-27.201222.6TRINIDADS14W259S17W119.00-7SE1/2ELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR, AM PLEASANT0000000243476
1796-04-02T14:00-9.07-27.301176.7TRINIDADS16W230S4W80.00-7VARIABLE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT0000000243477
1796-04-03T14:00-10.65-26.931281.0TRINIDADS20W204S13E98.00-7ENE, SESE1/2MPHLIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM0000000243478
1796-04-04T14:00-11.80-25.50161.0TRINIDADS30W195S51E110.00-7NNELIGHT BREEZES, AM LIGHT AIRSPLEASANT0000000243479
1796-04-05T14:00-12.97-24.87170.6TRINIDADS36W181S28E79.00-6EBN, NNELIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM0000000243480
1796-04-06T14:00-15.48-24.02732.6TRINIDADS53W157S18E159.00-6EBNLIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT0000000243481
1796-04-07T14:00-17.90-23.58859.3TRINIDADS70W139S10E147.00-5EBS, EFRESH BREEZESCLEAR, AM CLOUDY0000000243482
1796-04-08T14:00-20.00-23.75966.7ST HELENAN76E352S4W127.00-5VARIABLE, EBSMODERATE BREEZESFINE0000000243483
1796-04-09T14:00-22.67-23.75979.3ST HELENAN60E366S160.00-4VARIABLE, EBSFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243484
1796-04-10T14:00-24.17-24.25976.7SAXEMBURGS34E157S17W94.00-4VARIABLE, EBSMODERATE BREEZESHEAVY SWELL FROM SWCLEAR0000000243485
1796-04-11T14:00-25.68-24.481206.7SAXEMBURGS42E137S8W91.00-4VARIABLE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZESHEAVY SWELL FORM SCLOUDY0000000243486
1796-04-12T14:00-26.52-24.15752.6SAXEMBURGS46E120S20E53.00-4E, SEBS, EBNLIGHT BREEZESHAZY0000000243487
1796-04-13T14:00-27.80-24.901449.3SAXEMBURGS60E114S27W87.00-2VARIABLE, SEBSMODERATE BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY0000000243488
1796-04-14T14:00-28.97-23.381441.0SAXEMBURGS64E80S50E105.00-2VARIABLE, NW, SEBSLIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM0000000243489
1796-04-15T13:00-29.18-18.923439.3ST HELENAN42E358S7E234.00-6SWBW, NBWFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000243490
1796-04-16T13:00-29.15-15.502059.3ST HELENAN34E320N89E180.00-9SSW, S, SWBSFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243491
1796-04-17T13:00-28.80-15.782052.6ST HELENAN30E320N77E93.00-9VARIABLE, SWBSFRESH BREEZES, AM LIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000243492
1796-04-18T13:00-29.92-14.303622.6ST HELENAN30E298S30W54.00-9VARIABLE, ESE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000243493
1796-04-19T13:00-30.25-14.201151.0ST HELENAN28E316S7E40.00-9VARIABLE, SEBELIGHT AIRSCLEAR0000000243494
1796-04-20T13:00-30.32-12.58252.6ST HELENAN23E313S87E84.00-9NW, NEBNLIGHT AIRS, AM LIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000243495
1796-04-21T13:00-30.32-9.473269.3ST HELENAN14E297E163.00-12WBN, NNWLIGHT BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZESCLEAR, AM CLOUDY0000000243496
1796-04-22T12:00-30.17-7.073249.3ST HELENAN5E287N86E126.00-14WBN, WSW, NNWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR THEN CLOUDY0000000243497
1796-04-23T12:00-29.97-6.182676.7ST HELENAN2E281N76E48.00-14WSW, WBNMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR0000000243498
1796-04-24T12:00-28.93-5.232679.3ST HELENAN2W260N39E80.00-14EBS, WBNLIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, AM FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000243499
1796-04-25T12:00-27.98-4.68999.3ST HELENAN5W242N27E64.00-14VARIABLE, ESEFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000243500
1796-04-26T12:00-29.18-3.97656.7ST HELENAN9W267S20E82.00-14VARIABLE, E, EBNFRESH BREEZES, THEN MODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY0000000243501
1796-04-27T12:00-30.67-2.87656.7ST HELENAS10W300S33W106.00-14E, EBNFRESH BREEZES, AM MODERATE BREEZESCLEAR THEN CLOUDY0000000243502
1796-04-28T12:00-31.12-1.02516.7ST HELENAN16W316S74E99.00-17NEBN, ENEFRESH BREEZES, AM MODERATE BREEZESRAINCLOUDY0100000243503
1796-04-29T12:00-30.302.1069.3ST HELENAN27W323N73E167.00-17EBN, W, NNEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000243504
1796-04-30T12:00-26.432.50519.0ST HELENAN36W260N5E233.00-18W, NNELIGHT BREEZES, AM FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, LATER FRESH GALESCLEAR0000000243505
1796-05-01T12:00-23.052.5011722.6ST HELENAN47W212N203.00-18EBS, SESTRONG GALESHAZY0000000243506
1796-05-02T12:00-19.831.709412.3ST HELENAN61W162N12W198.00-19EBS, ESEFRESH BREEZES, ALTER STRONG BREEZESRAINCLOUDY THEN CLEAR0100000243507
1796-05-03T12:00-16.670.30829.3ST HELENAN83W117N23E207.00-19VARIABLE, EBSFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM FRESH BREEZERAINCLOUDY0100000243508
1796-05-04T12:00-16.08-2.08719.3ST HELENAN87W70N75W142.00-19EFRESH BREEZESHAZY0000000243509