García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during STAG cruise from Table Bay to Ceylon started at 1769-12-28 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752323, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -20.741429 * Median Longitude: 69.821429 * South-bound Latitude: -38.320000 * West-bound Longitude: 21.760000 * North-bound Latitude: 7.100000 * East-bound Longitude: 90.500000
Date/Time Start: 1769-12-28T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1770-02-13T06:00:00
Event(s):
Stag_17691228_NMM_ADM/L/S425 * Latitude Start: -34.430000 * Longitude Start: 16.950000 * Latitude End: 6.420000 * Longitude End: 83.080000 * Date/Time Start: 1769-12-28T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1770-02-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Stag (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Table Bay - Ceylon, 1st Observer: Jonathan Dean (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 32G 679BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 7 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 8 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 9 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc. | |||
| 13 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 14 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 15 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 16 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 17 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 18 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 19 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 20 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 21 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 22 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 23 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 24 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 25 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 26 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 27 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 28 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 29 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 30 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 31 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
893 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 TTT [°C] | 7 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 8 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...) | 13 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 14 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 15 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 16 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 17 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 18 V descr | 19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 20 ww (Weather description) | 21 Precip descr | 22 State sea descr | 23 Clearness | 24 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 25 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 26 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 27 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 28 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 29 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 30 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 31 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1769-12-28T00:00 | -33.73 | 180 | 2.6 | TABLELAND | N1/2W, WNW, SWBS, S | LIGHT WINDS AND VARIABLE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243278 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1769-12-29T00:00 | -34.65 | 158 | 6.7 | TABLELAND | SBW, W, SSE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243279 | |||||||||||||||
| 1769-12-30T11:00 | -36.50 | 21.76 | 215 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N50W | 70 | S50E | 210.00 | SPLIT THE FORE TOP MAST STAY SAIL IN A SQUALL WHICH ALMOST ALL BLEW AWAY | -21 | SWBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY WEATHER | A LARGE SW SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243280 | ||||||||
| 1769-12-31T10:00 | -37.22 | 25.51 | 247 | 6.7 | THE CAPE | N63:30W | 128 | S76:30E | 186.00 | -23 | SWBW, SWBS, SBW, W | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, BLOWING STRONG AT TIMES, AM MORE MODERATE | A GREAT SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243281 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-01T10:00 | -36.72 | 29.56 | 223 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N75:30W | 188 | N81E | 196.00 | -25 | NW, NNW, WSW | FRESH GALES | CONFUSED SEA | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243282 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-02T10:00 | -36.70 | 33.21 | 177 | 6.7 | THE CAPE | WBN | 224 | S89E | 174.00 | -26 | WSW, SW, SSW | STRONG GALES, MODERATE IN THE LATTER | CONFUSED SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243283 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-03T10:00 | -37.10 | 36.31 | 19 | 9.3 | THE CAPE | N79:54W | 293 | S83E | 150.00 | -26 | NEBN, ENE, NE | A FRESH TOPGALLANT GALE FOR THE MOST PART | CLEAR WEATHER FOR THE MOST PART | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243284 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-04T09:00 | -36.08 | 40.39 | 345 | 9.3 | THE CAPE | N84:31W | 359 | N74E | 204.00 | -26 | N, NBE | PLEASANT TOPGALLANT GALES | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243285 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-05T09:00 | -36.30 | 42.02 | 4.6 | THE CAPE | N84:17W | 386 | S81W | 82.00 | -26 | NN | LIGHT GALES | CLEAR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243286 | ||||||||||
| 1770-01-06T09:00 | -37.27 | 44.62 | 42 | 9.3 | THE CAPE | N82:13W | 428 | SEBE3/4E | 138.00 | -26 | VARIABLE, NE, ENE | FIRST PART LIGHT GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER A FINE BREEZE | MIDDLE AND LATTER A SMOOTH WATER | FIRST PART CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243287 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-07T09:00 | -37.28 | 47.32 | 177 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N82:59W | 474 | E1N | 130.00 | -26 | NEBE, NNE, N, SSW | UNSETTLED WEATHER WHICH ENDED IN FRESH GALES IN THE LATTER PART | LATTER PART DRIZZLING RAIN | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243288 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-08T09:00 | -36.57 | 49.56 | 121 | 21.7 | THE CAPE | N85W | 506 | ENE | 118.00 | -25 | SSW, S, SSE, SEBS | FIRST PART STRONG GALES WHICH DECREASED TOWARDS NIGHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243289 | ||||||||||
| 1770-01-09T09:00 | -36.57 | 49.72 | 43 | 1.0 | THE CAPE | N85W | 509 | SSE | 20.00 | -25 | VARIABLE, ENE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALM AT TIMES | A VERY LARGE CONFUSED SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243290 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-10T09:00 | -37.85 | 51.39 | 153 | 2.6 | THE CAPE | N82:40W | 539 | S46E | 110.00 | -27 | ENE, SEBE, S | LIGHT BREEZES | A VERY LARGE SW SWELL | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243291 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-11T08:00 | -37.90 | 55.24 | 210 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N83W | 597 | S89E | 184.00 | -26 | SBE, SBW, SWBW | FRESH GALES | A VERY LARGE SW SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243292 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-12T08:00 | -37.90 | 57.21 | 199 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N83W | 628 | E | 93.00 | -26 | SSW, SW | FRESH GALES | LESS SWELL | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243293 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-13T08:00 | -37.72 | 60.41 | 200 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N34:26W | 688 | N86E | 154.00 | -25 | S, SBW, SW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS UNSETTLED WEATHER, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST AND MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS A CONFUSED SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243294 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-14T08:00 | -38.32 | 65.06 | 201 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N84:03W | 752 | S82E | 228.00 | -24 | SWBS, WSW, SW | FRESH GALES WITH FLYING SQUALLS | A LARGE SEA | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243295 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-15T07:00 | -37.98 | 69.31 | 168 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N85W | 824 | N84E | 201.00 | -23 | SBW | FRESH GALES WITH FLYING SQUALLS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243296 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-16T07:00 | -37.98 | 73.01 | 137 | 19.0 | THE CAPE | N83W | 882 | N88:30E | 176.00 | -21 | SW, SBS, SSE | FRESH GALES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243297 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-17T00:00 | -37.82 | 191 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S70E | 5 | NO DATA | SSE, VARIABLE, SBW | LITTLE WIND | CLEAR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243298 | ||||||||||||
| 1770-01-18T00:00 | -36.97 | 124 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S | 17 | NO DATA | SSE, ESE, SEBE | LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243299 | ||||||||||||
| 1770-01-19T00:00 | -35.57 | 361 | 0.0 | ST PAULS | S | 25 | N | 84.00 | SE, ENE, CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LITTLE WINDS, LATTER CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243300 | |||||||||||
| 1770-01-20T07:00 | -33.07 | 79.17 | 199 | 9.3 | ST PAULS | SBW1/2W | 99 | N29E | 170.00 | -15 | NWBW, SWBS | FIRST PART STILL CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243301 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-21T07:00 | -29.87 | 80.82 | 169 | 19.0 | ST PAULS | S19W | 168 | N25E | 208.00 | -11 | SSW, SSE, S | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243302 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-22T07:00 | -26.28 | 82.49 | 116 | ST PAULS | S20:24W | 246 | NNE | 215.00 | -8 | SE, SEBE | PLEASANT WEATHER | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243303 | ||||||||||
| 1770-01-23T06:00 | -23.02 | 84.29 | 106 | 12.3 | ST PAULS | S21W | 312 | N26E | 218.00 | -7 | SEBE, ESE | A FRESH SE TRADE AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243304 | ||||||||||
| 1770-01-24T06:00 | -20.22 | 85.52 | 75 | 12.3 | ST PAULS | S21:33W | 379 | NNE | 182.00 | -4 | SEBE, EBN | A FRESH SE TRADE AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243305 | ||||||||||
| 1770-01-25T06:00 | -17.05 | 85.82 | 111 | 12.3 | ST PAULS | S19W | 440 | N5E | 192.00 | -2 | EBN, ESE | A FRESH SE TRADE AND SQUALLY | FINE COOL WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243306 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-26T06:00 | -15.03 | 84.84 | 66 | ST PAULS | S51:53W | 474 | NNW1/2W | 134.00 | -2 | NE, ENE | PLEASANT WEATHER | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243307 | ||||||||||
| 1770-01-27T06:00 | -12.32 | 85.04 | 100 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S14W | 527 | N4E | 162.00 | -1 | NEBE, E, EBS | LITTLE WINDS | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243308 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-28T06:00 | -9.68 | 85.95 | 134 | 19.0 | ST PAULS | S15W | 583 | NBE3/4E | 162.00 | -1 | E, EBS, SE | FRESH GALES FROM THE SE | SULTRY WEATHER | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243309 | ||||||||
| 1770-01-30T06:00 | -6.87 | 86.39 | 158 | ST PAULS | S14W | 639 | N21E | 70.00 | 0 | EBS, SSE | PLEASANT WEATHER | A SMALL SWELL FROM THE E | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243310 | |||||||||
| 1770-01-31T06:00 | -5.70 | 86.60 | 56 | ST PAULS | S14W | 663 | NBE | 71.00 | 0 | ESE, NEBE | PLEASANT WEATHER | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243311 | ||||||||||
| 1770-02-01T06:00 | -5.08 | 86.49 | 79 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S14W | 675 | NBW | 38.00 | 0 | NEBN, EBN | LIGHT BREEZES | SULTRY WEATHER | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243312 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-02T06:00 | -4.77 | 86.70 | 225 | 2.6 | ST PAULS | S14W | 681 | NEBE | 23.00 | 0 | NNW, SW | LITTLE WINDS AND CALM | SHOWERS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243313 | |||||||||
| 1770-02-03T06:00 | -3.87 | 87.62 | 270 | 26.1 | ST PAULS | S14W | 706 | NE | 76.00 | 0 | 79.00 | SW, NE, ESE, W | LITTLE WINDS AND CALM, IN THE LATTER MORE WINDS AND SQUALLY | SULTRY WEATHER | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243314 | |||||||
| 1770-02-04T06:00 | -3.32 | 89.44 | 11 | 9.3 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | N31W | 219 | ENE1/2E | 144.00 | 0 | NW, NBE | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243315 | |||||||||
| 1770-02-05T06:00 | -2.80 | 90.04 | 11 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | N35W | 217 | N49E | 48.00 | 0 | NW, SW, NBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 243316 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-06T06:00 | -2.53 | 90.42 | 259 | 2.6 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | N37W | 217 | N55E | 28.00 | 0 | NBE, CALM, WBS | ESE | LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS | SULTRY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243317 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-07T06:00 | -1.58 | 90.42 | 90 | 2.6 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | N41W | 204 | N | 57.00 | AT 7PM WAS TAKEN ABACK | 0 | VARIABLE, NW, E | LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS AND VARIABLE | MUCH RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243318 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-08T06:00 | -0.57 | 90.42 | 362 | 2.6 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | N46W | 190 | N | 61.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WINDS AND VARIABLE | SMOOTH SEA | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243319 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-09T06:00 | 1.02 | 90.50 | 281 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | NW3/4W | 170 | N1/2E | 95.00 | 0 | WSW, SW, WBN | MIDDLE SQUALLY | MIDDLE THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 243320 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-10T06:00 | 2.95 | 90.37 | 46 | 19.0 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | NWBW3/4W | 148 | N3W | 118.00 | 1 | SSE, NE | FRESH GALES | SQUALLS OF RAIN | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243321 | ||||||||
| 1770-02-11T06:00 | 4.45 | 89.92 | 35 | 9.3 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | WNW3/4W | 130 | NBW1/2W | 94.00 | 1 | VARIABLE, S, NEBN | NE | 14 IN 24 | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CALM AND VARIABLE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE THUNDER AND LIGHTNING, LATTER SHOWERY | FIRST AND MIDDLE RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 243322 | ||||||
| 1770-02-12T06:00 | 6.93 | 87.45 | 57 | 19.0 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | WSW3/4W | 76 | NW | 212.00 | 1 | NEBE | FRESH GALES | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243323 | |||||||||
| 1770-02-13T06:00 | 7.10 | 84.17 | 46 | 19.0 | SOUTH POINT OF CEYLONE | S49W | 33 | WBN | 200.00 | 1 | NE | FRESH GALES | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243324 |