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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Stad Utrecht cruise from Amsterdam to Batavia started at 1848-09-02 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752302, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -7.138824 * Median Longitude: 22.324510 * South-bound Latitude: -39.280000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.420000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.580000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1848-09-02T20:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-12-13T05:00:00
Event(s):
Stad_Utrecht_18480902_O_REIS_7B_P12-50 * Latitude Start: 52.900000 * Longitude Start: 4.100000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-09-02T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-12-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Stad Utrecht, Voyage: Amsterdam - Batavia, 1st Observer: F.H.J. Taski (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 Cloud typeCloud type
20 ClearnessClearness
21 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
22 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
23 FogFog1 If fog was reported
24 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
25 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26 HailHail1 If hail was reported
27 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28 CommentComment
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2155 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
Cloud type
20 
Clearness
21 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
22 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
23 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
24 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
25 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
26 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
27 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
28 
Comment
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1848-09-02T20:0051.582.332482.61PV8-222W2V030000000241749
1848-09-03T20:0051.021.331029.518.91PV8-2266.0030.400000000241750
1848-09-04T20:0050.70-0.681026.820.01PV8-2268.0030.32H000000000241751
1848-09-05T20:0050.33-2.701782.61011.220.01PV8-25268.0029.86ZZW20000000241752
1848-09-06T20:0049.82-3.602796.71016.018.91PV8-25466.0030.00NWTW4V00H000000000241753
1848-09-07T20:0049.68-4.182232.61017.718.91PV8-25266.0030.05WZW2H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation241754
1848-09-08T20:0049.80-5.3522315.41014.317.8PV8-25764.0029.95WZW7V040000000241755
1848-09-09T20:0049.18-5.102234.61014.319.4PV8-25367.0029.95WZW30000000241756
1848-09-10T20:0049.62-6.7222315.41000.718.3PV8-25765.0029.55WZW7W20V060100000241757
1848-09-11T21:0048.58-10.68636.71026.116.1PV8-27461.0030.30O4V000000000241758
1848-09-12T21:0046.45-12.751322.61025.516.7PV8-26262.0030.28ZZO2V00, V01H000000000241759
1848-09-13T21:0044.60-13.7810912.31025.118.9PV8-26666.0030.27ZO6V010000000241760
1848-09-14T21:0040.92-15.32559.31018.019.4PV8-24567.0030.06OTN5H000000000241761
1848-09-15T21:0038.00-16.58216.71015.020.6PV8-24469.0029.97NO4H000000000241762
1848-09-16T21:0035.57-17.3512.61022.420.6PV8-22269.0030.19NNO2V01H000000000241763
1848-09-17T21:0033.60-18.10229.31024.123.3PV8-23574.0030.24NO5H000000000241764
1848-09-18T21:0030.60-18.956912.31020.024.4PV8-21676.0030.12O6V04H000000000241765
1848-09-19T21:0027.37-20.85936.71018.725.6PV8-20478.0030.08OZO4H000000000241766
1848-09-20T21:0024.87-21.95939.31017.025.0PV8-20577.0030.03OZO5H000000000241767
1848-09-21T22:0022.12-23.08726.71017.725.0PV8-18477.0030.05O4V01H000000000241768
1848-09-22T22:0020.03-24.38276.71039.726.1PV8-18479.0030.70NO4V00, V010000000241769
1848-09-23T22:0017.88-25.45506.71018.727.2PV8-18481.0030.08ONO4V01H000000000241770
1848-09-24T22:0015.38-25.88739.31016.027.2PV8-17581.0030.00O50000000241771
1848-09-25T22:0013.70-24.93736.71022.127.8PV8-17482.0030.18O4H000000000241772
1848-09-26T22:0012.25-24.103222.61016.027.2PV8-16281.0030.00NNW2H000000000241773
1848-09-27T22:0010.05-22.572206.71012.628.3PV8-16483.0029.90ZWTW4W04V01H000000000241774
1848-09-28T21:008.42-20.822186.71014.327.8PV8-18482.0029.95ZWTW4V00H000000000241775
1848-09-29T21:006.58-19.232086.71006.826.1PV8-17479.0029.73ZW4V100000000241776
1848-09-30T21:005.95-17.281616.71005.526.7PV8-19480.0029.69Z4V00H000000000241777
1848-10-01T21:005.63-17.601862.61047.127.8PV8-17282.0030.92ZZW2V01H000000000241778
1848-10-02T21:005.27-16.571846.71013.327.8PV8-19482.0029.92ZZW4V04H000000000241779
1848-10-03T21:004.45-15.631619.31003.127.2PV8-19581.0029.62Z5H000000000241780
1848-10-04T21:003.25-17.071506.71008.228.3PV8-19483.0029.77ZTO4V00H000000000241781
1848-10-05T21:002.53-17.471842.61015.327.8PV8-19282.0029.98ZZW2V00H000000000241782
1848-10-06T21:001.57-16.0020612.31013.327.2PV8-19681.0029.92ZW6V010000000241783
1848-10-07T21:000.95-14.071846.71015.027.2PV8-19481.0029.97ZZW40000000241784
1848-10-08T21:000.02-15.701616.71016.027.8PV8-19482.0030.00Z4V00, V01H000000000241785
1848-10-09T21:00-1.17-17.051396.71016.327.8PV8-19482.0030.01ZZO4H000000000241786
1848-10-10T21:00-2.60-19.051636.71016.327.2PV8-17481.0030.01Z4V00H000000000241787
1848-10-11T21:00-4.27-21.201416.71015.026.7PV8-17480.0029.97ZZO4H000000000241788
1848-10-12T22:00-6.22-22.731326.71016.027.2PV8-14481.0030.00ZOTZ4V00H000000000241789
1848-10-13T22:00-8.05-24.421449.31015.326.7PV8-14580.0029.98ZZO5H000000000241790
1848-10-14T22:00-11.18-25.981449.3995.726.1PV8-14579.0029.40ZZO5V00, V010000000241791
1848-10-15T22:00-13.97-27.371226.71016.025.0PV8-13477.0030.00ZO4V010000000241792
1848-10-16T22:00-16.95-27.721036.71013.625.6PV8-10478.0029.93OZO4V00, V01H000000000241793
1848-10-17T22:00-19.45-28.401496.71014.325.6PV8-9478.0029.95ZZO4V01H000000000241794
1848-10-18T22:00-21.50-29.421046.71016.725.6PV8-9478.0030.02OZO4V00H000000000241795
1848-10-19T22:00-24.42-28.806012.3PV8-86ONO6H000000000241796
1848-10-20T22:00-27.80-26.624615.41007.923.3PV8-10774.0029.76NOTO7V050000000241797
1848-10-21T22:00-31.17-24.123519.01010.222.8PV8-10873.0029.83NO8W20V100100000241798
1848-10-22T21:00-33.32-21.233312.31009.521.7PV8-12671.0029.81NO6V050000000241799
1848-10-23T21:00-34.20-18.433315.41007.919.4PV8-12767.0029.76NO7V100000000241800
1848-10-24T21:00-34.73-14.903012.31009.918.3PV8-15665.0029.82NO6W20V050100000241801
1848-10-25T21:00-35.35-11.331612.31018.016.1PV8-18661.0030.06NOTN6H000000000241802
1848-10-26T20:00-36.23-7.40246.71022.117.8PV8-21464.0030.18NO4H000000000241803
1848-10-27T20:00-36.67-6.93246.71022.418.3PV8-21465.0030.19NO4H000000000241804
1848-10-28T20:00-37.23-2.17446.71014.317.8PV8-24464.0029.95ONO4V05H000000000241805
1848-10-30T20:00-36.804.323002.61021.717.2PV8-26263.0030.17NWTN2V050000000241806
1848-10-31T20:00-36.786.533349.31021.117.2PV8-26563.0030.15N5V04H000000000241807
1848-11-01T19:00-36.9310.8317612.31017.016.1PV8-27661.0030.03ZZW6V00, V010000000241808
1848-11-02T19:00-36.7314.631746.71017.713.3PV8-29456.0030.05ZZW4V04H000000000241809
1848-11-03T19:00-37.8317.632859.31015.315.6PV8-30560.0029.98NW5V04H000000000241810
1848-11-04T19:00-37.9322.2827415.41010.915.6PV8-30760.0029.85NWTW7W01W201100000241811
1848-11-05T18:00-37.4726.6524015.41011.615.0PV8-30759.0029.87W7V010000000241812
1848-11-06T18:00-38.3530.5729512.31017.717.2PV8-31663.0030.05NWTN6V02H000000000241813
1848-11-07T18:00-39.1535.3228412.31012.317.8PV8-31664.0029.89NW6V040000000241814
1848-11-08T17:00-39.1040.7226312.31014.314.4PV8-30658.0029.95WNW6V01H000000000241815
1848-11-09T17:00-39.1745.422759.31009.916.7PV8-29562.0029.82NWTW5V010000000241816
1848-11-10T17:00-39.2849.472876.71012.617.8PV8-28464.0029.90NW4H000000000241817
1848-11-11T16:00-39.1353.6835612.31019.018.3PV8-27665.0030.09NNO6V00H000000000241818
1848-11-12T16:00-38.3258.5235722.61014.618.3PV8-26965.0029.96NNO9W10W200110000241819
1848-11-13T16:00-38.9763.222009.31008.518.3PV8-25565.0029.78ZW5V04H000000000241820
1848-11-14T16:00-38.1865.071444.61016.018.3PV8-25365.0030.00ZTO3V050000000241821
1848-11-15T16:00-37.7566.583249.31016.017.8PV8-25564.0030.00NTW5V00H000000000241822
1848-11-16T15:00-37.7070.8733612.31018.017.2PV8-24663.0030.06N6H000000000241823
1848-11-17T15:00-37.7275.5333712.31017.718.3PV8-23665.0030.05N6V00H000000000241824
1848-11-18T15:00-37.6280.1534915.41049.817.2PV8-22763.0031.00NTO7H000000000241825
1848-11-19T14:00-36.1584.1234412.31026.117.8PV8-16664.0030.30N6V00H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation241826
1848-11-20T14:00-34.6786.533336.71026.116.7PV8-16462.0030.30NTW4V01H000000000241827
1848-11-21T14:00-33.4888.623244.61026.118.3PV8-14365.0030.30NNW3V04H000000000241828
1848-11-22T14:00-33.0089.2091.01018.020.0PV8-14168.0030.06NNO1H000000000241829
1848-11-23T14:00-32.8589.570.01028.221.7PV8-1471.0030.36STIL0000000241830
1848-11-24T14:00-32.6789.73312.61031.223.3PV8-14274.0030.45NO2H000000000241831
1848-11-25T14:00-31.8588.98342.61026.822.2PV8-11272.0030.32NO2V04H000000000241832
1848-11-26T14:00-31.6589.573496.71019.422.2PV8-11472.0030.10N4V00H000000000241833
1848-11-27T14:00-30.4391.482936.71023.823.9PV8-11475.0030.23NWTW4V00H000000000241834
1848-11-28T14:00-28.7892.29792.61020.023.3PV8-11274.0030.12O2V03H000000000241835
1848-11-29T14:00-26.3093.10949.31021.723.3PV8-7574.0030.17OTZ5V00H000000000241836
1848-11-30T14:00-23.5394.02836.71021.422.8PV8-7473.0030.16O4V030000000241837
1848-12-01T14:00-20.7395.171316.71023.123.3PV8-4474.0030.21ZO4V010000000241838
1848-12-02T14:00-17.6596.9714212.31017.323.3PV8-4674.0030.04ZOTZ6W00V031000000241839
1848-12-03T13:00-15.0897.85996.71016.724.4PV8-2476.0030.02OTZ4V00H000000000241840
1848-12-04T13:00-12.7798.55884.61016.325.6PV8-2378.0030.01O3V00H000000000241841
1848-12-05T13:00-11.8799.00906.71014.326.7PV80480.0029.95O4V010000000241842
1848-12-06T13:00-9.9099.781136.71016.327.8PV80482.0030.01OZO4H000000000241843
1848-12-07T13:00-8.02101.381136.71012.928.9PV80484.0029.91OZO4V010000000241844
1848-12-08T13:00-6.48102.633621015.027.8PV8182.0029.97VARIABELV010000000241845
1848-12-09T13:00-5.60104.171366.71015.030.0PV81486.0029.97ZO4V00, V010000000241846
1848-12-10T13:00-5.78104.271476.71013.329.4PV81485.0029.92ZOTZ4V100000000241847
1848-12-11T13:00-7.25104.251142.61014.629.4PV81285.0029.96OZO2V000000000241848
1848-12-12T13:00-6.50105.101366.71013.328.9PV81484.0029.92ZO4H000000000241849
1848-12-13T05:00-6.10106.86110000000241850