García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SCARBOROUGH cruise from Boston to Savanah Georgia started at 1776-01-06 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752003, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.156154 * Median Longitude: -67.430769 * South-bound Latitude: 31.300000 * West-bound Longitude: -77.610000 * North-bound Latitude: 42.320000 * East-bound Longitude: -63.030000
Date/Time Start: 1776-01-06T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1776-01-31T17:00:00
Event(s):
Scarborough_17760106_NMM_ADM/L/S543 * Latitude Start: 41.980000 * Longitude Start: -67.060000 * Latitude End: 32.080000 * Longitude End: -77.610000 * Date/Time Start: 1776-01-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1776-01-31T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Scarborough (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Boston - Savanah Georgia, 1st Observer: Andrew Barclay (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 20G 433BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
502 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1776-01-06T17:00 | 42.32 | -68.53 | 362 | 19.0 | BOSTON | N84W | 38 | S84E | 115.00 | -6 | SW, S, VARIABLE | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID STRONG GALES, LATTER FRESH GALES | SNOW | FIRST CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230160 | ||
| 1776-01-07T16:00 | 40.90 | -65.40 | 341 | 22.6 | BOSTON | N70W | 93 | S59E | 164.00 | -8 | NNW, NBW | FIRST AND MID HEAVY GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | SNOW AND SLEET | VERY THICK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230161 | ||
| 1776-01-08T16:00 | 39.17 | -65.40 | 217 | 9.3 | BOSTON | N56W | 136 | S | 104.00 | -8 | NW, SW | FIRST STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | GREAT SEA FROM NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230162 | ||
| 1776-01-09T16:00 | 37.17 | -63.76 | 232 | 19.0 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S70W | 306 | S46E | 79.00 | -4 | SWBS, SWBW | FIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230163 | |||
| 1776-01-10T16:00 | 36.67 | -63.03 | 266 | 22.6 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S72W | 309 | S50E | 47.00 | -4 | SW, W | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230164 | ||||
| 1776-01-11T16:00 | 35.63 | -63.20 | 311 | 6.7 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S76W | 305 | S7W | 61.00 | -4 | NW | FIRST AND MID STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230165 | |||
| 1776-01-12T16:00 | 34.55 | -63.91 | 362 | 19.0 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S80W | 295 | S28W | 74.00 | -4 | VARIABLE | FIRST AND MID MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230166 | |||
| 1776-01-13T16:00 | 33.80 | -63.55 | 221 | 9.3 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S63W | 300 | S22E | 48.00 | -4 | SW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230167 | |||
| 1776-01-14T16:00 | 34.00 | -63.81 | 266 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | S34W | 41 | S38W | 34.00 | -4 | W | FIRST AND MID FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230168 | |||
| 1776-01-15T16:00 | 33.07 | -63.81 | 362 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | S21W | 27 | S | 65.00 | -4 | VARIABLE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES, MID CALM | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MID CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230169 | |||
| 1776-01-16T16:00 | 33.35 | -64.88 | 221 | 9.3 | BERMUDAS | S17W | 20 | N72W | 52.00 | -4 | SW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230170 | |||
| 1776-01-17T16:00 | 33.90 | -66.08 | 199 | 19.0 | TYBEE | S81W | 248 | N69W | 90.00 | -4 | SSW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230171 | ||||
| 1776-01-18T16:00 | 34.45 | -66.25 | 221 | 6.7 | TYBEE | S78W | 246 | N19E | 34.00 | -4 | SW | FIRST AND MID FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230172 | |||
| 1776-01-19T16:00 | 33.80 | -65.81 | 221 | 9.3 | TYBEE | S82W | 261 | S28E | 43.00 | -4 | SW | FRESH BREEZES | A GREAT SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230173 | ||
| 1776-01-20T16:00 | 32.90 | -66.03 | 266 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | S67W | 27 | S27W | 27.00 | -4 | W | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230174 | |||
| 1776-01-21T17:00 | 33.15 | -68.06 | 268 | 19.0 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S84W | 223 | N80W | 81.00 | -2 | NW, E, SE, W | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | HARD RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230175 | ||
| 1776-01-22T17:00 | 32.38 | -67.63 | 249 | 19.0 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S88W | 232 | S26E | 52.00 | 1 | WSW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230176 | |||
| 1776-01-23T16:00 | 31.77 | -67.43 | 315 | 2.6 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | N89W | 243 | S15W | 38.00 | 0 | SW, W, NW | FIRST HARD GALES AND SQUALLY, MID FRESH GALES, LATTER LITTLE WIND | CONFUSED TUMBLING SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230177 | ||
| 1776-01-24T16:00 | 31.90 | -67.13 | 180 | 6.7 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | N89W | 237 | N62E | 17.00 | 0 | S | MODERATE BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230178 | |||
| 1776-01-25T17:00 | 32.00 | -69.16 | 181 | 9.3 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | W | 204 | N87W | 105.00 | 1 | S | FRESH BREEZES | SOME RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230179 | ||
| 1776-01-26T17:00 | 32.42 | -70.18 | 226 | 6.7 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S87W | 185 | N54W | 57.00 | 1 | SW | FIRST FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230180 | ||
| 1776-01-27T17:00 | 32.00 | -70.75 | 271 | 6.7 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | W | 177 | S53W | 37.00 | 1 | W | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230181 | |||
| 1776-01-28T17:00 | 31.30 | -72.66 | 71 | 6.7 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | N85W | 148 | S67W | 109.00 | 3 | NE, ENE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MID FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230182 | |||
| 1776-01-29T17:00 | 31.35 | -73.41 | 362 | 2.6 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | N84W | 134 | S86W | 40.00 | 3 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230183 | |||
| 1776-01-30T17:00 | 32.03 | -75.73 | 116 | 9.3 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | W | 94 | N72W | 126.00 | 3 | NNE, E, ESE | FIRST AND MID MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | FIRST AND MID FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230184 | |||
| 1776-01-31T17:00 | 32.08 | -77.61 | 4 | 6.7 | TYBEE LIGHTHOUSE | S88W | 62 | N87W | 92.00 | 4 | SSE, S, NW, N | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | FIRST CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 230185 |