Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -4.665714 * Median Longitude: 15.081875 * South-bound Latitude: -38.080000 * West-bound Longitude: -36.530000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.330000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000

Date/Time Start: 1847-04-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1847-08-12T05:00:00

Event(s):

Sara_Lydia_18470419_B_REIS_9_P141-183 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1847-04-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1847-08-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Sara Lydia (Fregat), Voyage: Rotterdam - Batavia, 1st Observer: B. Van Der Tak (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
10	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
16	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
17	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
19	Present weather	ww		Weather description
20	Precipitation description	Precip descr
21	State of the sea description	State sea descr
22	Cloud type	Cloud type
23	Clearness	Clearness
24	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
25	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
26	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
27	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
28	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
29	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
30	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
31	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2398 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	10 - (1 If position is considered t...)	11 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	12 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	14 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	15 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	16 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	17 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	18 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	19 ww (Weather description)	20 Precip descr	21 State sea descr	22 Cloud type	23 Clearness	24 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	25 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	31 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1847-04-19T00:00	50.43		169	2.6	1008.9	7.8			1	VM	8		2	46.00	29.79	ZTO	2					H01	0	0	230023
1847-04-20T12:00	50.33	-1.08	293	1.0	1013.3	10.0			1	VM	8	-22	1	50.00	29.92	NW	1					H01	0	0	230024
1847-04-21T12:00	50.23	-1.55	113	1.0	1016.0	11.7			1	VM	8	-22	1	53.00	30.00	ZO	1			Z01			0	0	230025
1847-04-22T12:00	50.23	-2.70	200	2.6	1017.0	9.4			1	VM	8	-25	2	49.00	30.03	ZW	2				V00		0	0	230026
1847-04-23T12:00	50.07	-3.00	223	2.6	1018.4	12.2			1	VM	8	-25	2	54.00	30.07	WZW	2	W00					1	0	230027
1847-04-24T12:00	49.58	-3.03	200	2.6	1016.7	11.1			1	VM	8	-25	2	52.00	30.02	ZW	2					H00	0	0	230028
1847-04-25T12:00	49.88	-3.85	200	2.6	1017.7	12.2			1	VM	8	-25	2	54.00	30.05	ZW	2		W20		V05		0	1	230029
1847-04-26T12:00	49.32	-4.90	245	19.0	1015.3	12.2			1	VM	8	-25	8	54.00	29.98	W	8	W00		Z00			1	0	230030
1847-04-27T12:00	49.47	-5.92	200	6.7	1015.3	12.2				VM	8	-25	4	54.00	29.98	ZW	4	W00					1	0	230031
1847-04-28T12:00	49.37	-5.40	234	9.3	1009.5	11.1				VM	8	-25	5	52.00	29.81	WTZ	3-5	W00					1	0	230032
1847-04-29T12:00	49.20	-5.98	256	2.6	1010.9	11.1				VM	8	-25	2	52.00	29.85	WTN	2	W00					1	0	230033
1847-04-30T12:00	47.82	-7.42	290	2.6	1019.0	11.1				VM	8	-25	2	52.00	30.09	NW	2		W21		V16		0	1	230034
1847-05-01T13:00	46.82	-8.65	291	19.0	1011.9	11.1				VM	8	-24	8	52.00	29.88	NW	8	W00					1	0	230035
1847-05-02T13:00	44.18	-10.85	235	2.6	1021.7	11.7				VM	8	-24	2	53.00	30.17	WTZ	2				V04	H01	0	0	230036
1847-05-03T13:00	41.73	-13.03	201	2.6	1025.5	13.9				VM	8	-24	2	57.00	30.28	ZW	2					H01	0	0	230037
1847-05-04T13:00	39.80	-13.40	302	1.0	1025.8	15.6				VM	8	-24	1	60.00	30.29	NWTN	1				V00		0	0	230038
1847-05-05T13:00	39.12	-15.67	235	19.0	1025.8	15.6				VM	8	-24	8	60.00	30.29	WTZ	8				V05		0	0	230039
1847-05-06T13:00	38.98	-16.77	257	9.3	1008.2	15.6				VM	8	-24	5	60.00	29.77	WTN	5	W00					1	0	230040
1847-05-07T13:00	36.70	-16.68	203	4.6	1012.6	16.1				VM	8	-22	3	61.00	29.90	ZW	3	W00					1	0	230041
1847-05-08T13:00	35.70	-17.08	226	2.6	1015.3	18.3				VM	8	-22	2	65.00	29.98	WZW	2	W00			V06		1	0	230042
1847-05-09T13:00	35.98	-17.65	214	4.6	1015.3	17.2				VM	8	-22	3	63.00	29.98	ZWTW	3		W21				0	1	230043
1847-05-10T13:00	34.90	-17.48	248	4.6	1005.8	17.2				VM	8	-22	3	63.00	29.70	W	3				V01		0	0	230044
1847-05-11T13:00	33.17	-17.17	203	4.6	1017.3	18.3				VM	8	-22	3	65.00	30.04	ZW	3		W21		V05		0	1	230045
1847-05-12T13:00	33.83	-18.25	181	4.6	1016.0	18.3				VM	8	-22	3	65.00	30.00	ZZW	3				V05		0	0	230046
1847-05-13T13:00	32.67	-18.37	181	2.6	1020.0	19.4				VM	8	-22	2	67.00	30.12	ZZW	2				V01		0	0	230047
1847-05-14T13:00	31.98	-18.07	204	2.6	1022.8	19.4				VM	8	-21	2	67.00	30.20	ZW	2				V01		0	0	230048
1847-05-15T13:00	31.05	-17.83	58	4.6	1020.0	19.4				VM	8	-21	3	67.00	30.12	OTN	3				V04		0	0	230049
1847-05-16T13:00	29.63	-18.85	339	2.6	1021.4	20.0				VM	8	-21	2	68.00	30.16	N	2				V04		0	0	230050
1847-05-17T13:00	28.35	-19.58	328	2.6	1023.8	20.6				VM	8	-21	2	69.00	30.23	NTW	2				V04		0	0	230051
1847-05-18T13:00	27.12	-20.65	340	2.6	1023.1	22.8				VM	8	-20	2	73.00	30.21	N	2				V04		0	0	230052
1847-05-19T13:00	26.00	-21.40	250	1.0	1022.8	21.7				VM	8	-20	1	71.00	30.20	W	1				V00		0	0	230053
1847-05-20T13:00	25.35	-21.73	25	1.0	1022.1	23.9				VM	8	-20	1	75.00	30.18	NO	1	W00			V05		1	0	230054
1847-05-21T13:00	24.70	-22.42	3	4.6	1022.8	22.2				VM	8	-20	3	72.00	30.20	NNO	3	W00			V05		1	0	230055
1847-05-22T14:00	21.45	-24.10	50	2.6	1027.2	21.7				VM	8	-18	2	71.00	30.33	ONO	2	W00	W21				1	1	230056
1847-05-23T14:00	18.42	-25.90	27	4.6	1022.8	22.2				VM	8	-18	3	72.00	30.20	NO	3					H01	0	0	230057
1847-05-24T14:00	14.97	-24.82	28	4.6	1020.0	23.3				VM	8	-17	3	74.00	30.12	NO	3					H01	0	0	230058
1847-05-25T14:00	11.98	-23.73	29	2.6	1018.4	24.4				VM	8	-16	2	76.00	30.07	NO	2				V04		0	0	230059
1847-05-26T14:00	9.97	-22.70	299	4.6	1018.7	25.0				VM	8	-16	3	77.00	30.08	NW	3				V04	H01	0	0	230060
1847-05-27T13:00	8.45	-21.67	95	4.6	1020.0	26.1				VM	8	-18	3	79.00	30.12	OZO	3	W00	W21				1	1	230061
1847-05-28T13:00	6.97	-19.85	208	2.6	1020.0	26.1				VM	8	-17	2	79.00	30.12	ZW	2					H00	0	0	230062
1847-05-29T13:00	6.62	-20.75	17	4.6	1020.0	26.7				VM	8	-17	3	80.00	30.12	NOTN	3					H01	0	0	230063
1847-05-30T13:00	6.23	-19.83	208	1.0	1019.4	26.1				VM	8	-17	1	79.00	30.10	ZW	1				V05		0	0	230064
1847-06-01T13:00	4.45	-19.62	174	4.6	1019.4	27.2				VM	8	-17	3	81.00	30.10	ZTW	3	W00					1	0	230065
1847-06-02T13:00	3.58	-21.08	129	4.6	1019.4	27.2				VM	8	-17	3	81.00	30.10	ZOTZ	3				V04		0	0	230066
1847-06-03T14:00	2.23	-23.57	154	4.6	1017.7	27.2				VM	8	-15	3	81.00	30.05	ZTO	3				V04		0	0	230067
1847-06-04T14:00	0.18	-26.02	98	4.6	1018.0	27.8				VM	8	-15	3	82.00	30.06	OZO	3				V04		0	0	230068
1847-06-05T14:00	-2.25	-26.93	120	6.7	1019.4	26.7				VM	8	-15	4	80.00	30.10	ZO	4					H00	0	0	230069
1847-06-06T14:00	-4.90	-28.90	124	9.3	1019.0	27.8				VM	8	-11	5	82.00	30.09	ZO	2-5				V04		0	0	230070
1847-06-07T14:00	-7.75	-30.57	124	4.6	1019.0	27.8				VM	8	-11	3	82.00	30.09	ZO	3				V04		0	0	230071
1847-06-08T14:00	-10.38	-31.85	124	4.6	1020.0	27.8				VM	8	-11	3	82.00	30.12	ZO	3				V04		0	0	230072
1847-06-09T14:00	-12.57	-33.58	162	4.6	1020.7	27.8				VM	8	-7	3	82.00	30.14	ZTO	3	W00	W21				1	1	230073
1847-06-10T14:00	-14.70	-35.55	106	4.6	1025.5	24.4				VM	8	-7	3	76.00	30.28	OZO	3	W00					1	0	230074
1847-06-11T14:00	-16.95	-36.53	38	1.0	1022.1	26.1				VM	8	-7	1	79.00	30.18	NO	3-1				V05		0	0	230075
1847-06-12T14:00	-19.48	-35.82	62	4.6	1023.8	23.3				VM	8	-6	3	74.00	30.23	ONO	3				V04		0	0	230076
1847-06-13T14:00	-22.05	-34.23	39	4.6	1023.4	23.9				VM	8	-6	3	75.00	30.22	NO	3				V03		0	0	230077
1847-06-14T14:00	-24.80	-31.82	307	4.6	1022.1	23.3				VM	8	-8	3	74.00	30.18	NW	3				V04		0	0	230078
1847-06-15T14:00	-26.77	-29.52	105	4.6	1021.7	22.2				VM	8	-8	3	72.00	30.17	OZO	1-3				V00		0	0	230079
1847-06-16T14:00	-27.47	-29.28	60	6.7	1024.8	22.2				VM	8	-8	4	72.00	30.26	ONO	4				V04		0	0	230080
1847-06-17T14:00	-30.37	-28.22	16	19.0	1022.8	18.3				VM	8	-7	8	65.00	30.20	NNO	8				V04		0	0	230081
1847-06-18T14:00	-31.90	-25.35	13	19.0	1019.0	18.3				VM	8	-10	8	65.00	30.09	NNO	8				V04		0	0	230082
1847-06-19T13:00	-33.00	-21.63	359	19.0	1020.0	18.3				VM	8	-12	8	65.00	30.12	NTO	8				V05		0	0	230083
1847-06-20T13:00	-33.87	-18.02	11	9.3	1023.8	17.8				VM	8	-12	5	64.00	30.23	NNO	5				V01		0	0	230084
1847-06-21T13:00	-34.80	-14.07	334	4.6	1022.8	16.7				VM	8	-15	3	62.00	30.20	NTW	3				V05		0	0	230085
1847-06-22T13:00	-35.13	-10.00	275	4.6	1023.4	17.2				VM	8	-18	3	63.00	30.22	WNW	3				V01		0	0	230086
1847-06-23T12:00	-35.15	-7.37	294	4.6	1029.2	17.8				VM	8	-21	3	64.00	30.39	NW	3		W21		V05		0	1	230087
1847-06-24T12:00	-35.43	-4.33	249	4.6	1027.2	16.7				VM	8	-21	3	62.00	30.33	W	3		W20		V04		0	1	230088
1847-06-25T12:00	-35.63	-0.23	236	4.6	1016.0	16.7				VM	8	-23	3	62.00	30.00	WTZ	3				V05		0	0	230089
1847-06-26T12:00	-35.88	2.27	135	2.6	1030.5	16.7				VM	8	-23	2	62.00	30.43	ZZO	2				V01		0	0	230090
1847-06-27T12:00	-36.05	5.57	19	2.6	1030.5	13.9				VM	8	-26	2	57.00	30.43	NO	2				V04		0	0	230091
1847-06-28T12:00	-35.87	6.27	177	1.0	1030.5	13.9				VM	8	-26	1	57.00	30.43	ZZW	1				V04		0	0	230092
1847-06-29T12:00	-35.67	7.32	154	2.6	1028.9	14.4				VM	8	-26	2	58.00	30.38	Z	2				V05		0	0	230093
1847-06-30T11:00	-36.10	8.32	254	2.6	1030.2	16.1				VM	8	-27	2	61.00	30.42	WTN	2				V05		0	0	230094
1847-07-01T11:00	-36.60	9.93	176	4.6	1025.8	15.0				VM	8	-27	3	59.00	30.29	ZZW	3		W20		V01		0	1	230095
1847-07-02T11:00	-37.07	12.40	198	6.7	1027.5	14.4				VM	8	-27	4	58.00	30.34	ZW	4				V05		0	0	230096
1847-07-03T11:00	-37.75	17.95	229	4.6	1028.2	14.4				VM	8	-30	3	58.00	30.36	WTZ	3				V04		0	0	230097
1847-07-04T11:00	-37.80	21.45	263	2.6	1022.1	16.7				VM	8	-30	2	62.00	30.18	WNW	2				V04		0	0	230098
1847-07-05T10:00	-38.07	23.20	229	2.6	1026.1	15.6				VM	8	-30	2	60.00	30.30	WTZ	2				V04		0	0	230099
1847-07-06T10:00	-38.03	25.70	83	4.6	1017.3	19.4				VM	8	-30	3	67.00	30.04	OZO	3				V04		0	0	230100
1847-07-07T10:00	-36.98	28.22	185	2.6	1015.0	13.9				VM	8	-29	2	57.00	29.97	ZWTZ	2				V04		0	0	230101
1847-07-08T10:00	-37.12	30.70	151	19.0	1010.6	15.6				VM	8	-29	8	60.00	29.84	Z	8				V03		0	0	230102
1847-07-09T10:00	-36.73	34.13	186	12.3	1010.6	21.1				VM	8	-28	6	70.00	29.84	ZWTZ	3-6	W00	W22				1	1	230103
1847-07-10T09:00	-36.22	38.03	153	19.0	1015.0	20.0				VM	8	-27	8	68.00	29.97	Z	8	W00					1	0	230104
1847-07-11T09:00	-35.72	42.08	198	26.8	1021.7	16.7				VM	8	-27	10	62.00	30.17	ZW	10	W02					1	0	230105
1847-07-12T09:00	-36.07	46.05	188	6.7	1020.0	17.2				VM	8	-26	4	63.00	30.12	ZWTZ	4				V04		0	0	230106
1847-07-13T09:00	-36.42	49.42	145	4.6	1023.4	10.0				VM	8	-24	3	50.00	30.22	ZTO	3				V04		0	0	230107
1847-07-14T08:00	-36.93	53.27	225	2.6	1023.4	10.0				VM	8	-23	2	50.00	30.22	WZW	2				V04		0	0	230108
1847-07-15T08:00	-37.50	57.03	232	2.6	1022.4	15.6				VM	8	-27	2	60.00	30.19	WTZ	5-2				V05		0	0	230109
1847-07-16T08:00	-38.02	60.72	177	19.0	1023.1	14.4				VM	8	-26	8	58.00	30.21	ZZW	8	W01					1	0	230110
1847-07-17T08:00	-37.98	65.02	245	30.9	1016.0	16.7				VM	8	-25	11	62.00	30.00	W	11	W02	W21				1	1	230111
1847-07-18T07:00	-38.08	69.18	167	30.9	1039.7	12.8				VM	8	-24	11	55.00	30.70	ZTW	11	W02	W21				1	1	230112
1847-07-19T07:00	-37.93	71.70	224	19.0	1014.6	13.9				VM	8	-24	8	57.00	29.96	WZW	8	W00					1	0	230113
1847-07-20T07:00	-37.80	73.80	213	9.3	1018.7	12.2				VM	8	-23	5	54.00	30.08	ZWTW	5				V04		0	0	230114
1847-07-21T07:00	-37.62	77.52	147	1.0	1018.7	12.2				VM	8	-22	1	54.00	30.08	ZTO	1				V01		0	0	230115
1847-07-22T07:00	-36.68	80.57	118	30.9	1009.9	12.2				VM	8	-17	11	54.00	29.82	ZO	11	W02					1	0	230116
1847-07-23T06:00	-35.48	82.57	142	19.0	1022.1	12.2				VM	8	-16	8	54.00	30.18	ZZO	8				V03		0	0	230117
1847-07-24T06:00	-34.60	84.17	108	2.6	1036.3	11.7				VM	8	-16	2	53.00	30.60	ZOTO	2				V05		0	0	230118
1847-07-25T06:00	-33.00	86.28	254	4.6	1036.3	11.7				VM	8	-16	3	53.00	30.60	W	3		W20		V05		0	1	230119
1847-07-26T06:00	-32.90	89.17	256	2.6	1025.5	13.3				VM	8	-14	2	56.00	30.28	W	2	W00					1	0	230120
1847-07-27T06:00	-32.38	92.57	305	12.3	1018.7	14.4				VM	8	-10	6	58.00	30.08	NW	6	W01					1	0	230121
1847-07-28T06:00	-30.40	96.18	305	4.6	1012.9	16.1				VM	8	-10	3	61.00	29.91	NW	8-3	W00					1	0	230122
1847-07-29T05:00	-28.18	99.35	262	4.6	1015.0	19.4				VM	8	-9	3	67.00	29.97	W	3				V01		0	0	230123
1847-07-30T05:00	-25.70	101.60	129	4.6	1021.4	19.4				VM	8	-6	3	67.00	30.16	ZO	3				V05		0	0	230124
1847-07-31T05:00	-23.45	102.95	96	9.3	1021.4	19.4				VM	8	-5	5	67.00	30.16	OTZ	5				V03		0	0	230125
1847-08-01T05:00	-19.93	101.92	41	1.0	1021.4	20.6				VM	8	-4	1	69.00	30.16	NO	1				V00		0	0	230126
1847-08-02T05:00	-18.33	104.03	42	2.6	1018.7	25.0				VM	8	-3	2	77.00	30.08	NO	2				V04		0	0	230127
1847-08-03T05:00	-18.22	104.27	42	0.0	1018.7	25.0				VM	8	-3	0	77.00	30.08	NO	0				V04		0	0	230128
1847-08-04T05:00	-17.57	104.37	132	2.6	1018.7	25.0				VM	8	-3	2	77.00	30.08	ZO	2				V04		0	0	230129
1847-08-05T05:00	-16.07	105.75	133	4.6	1018.7	25.0				VM	8	-2	3	77.00	30.08	ZO	3				V01		0	0	230130
1847-08-06T05:00	-12.65	106.38	77	4.6	1008.9	26.1				VM	8	-2	3	79.00	29.79	OTN	3				V01		0	0	230131
1847-08-07T05:00	-9.20	106.08	113	1.0	1015.6	26.7				VM	8	0	1	80.00	29.99	OZO	1				V04		0	0	230132
1847-08-08T05:00	-6.95	105.10	114	4.6	1015.0	27.8				VM	8	1	3	82.00	29.97	OZO	3				V01		0	0	230133
1847-08-09T05:00	-6.17	105.60	339	2.6	1015.0	27.8				VM	8	1	2	82.00	29.97	NNW	2				V05		0	0	230134
1847-08-10T00:00							ST NICOLAASPUNT	NOTO															0	0	230135
1847-08-12T05:00	-6.10	106.86							1			1											0	0	230136