García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Sara Johanna cruise from Nieuwediep to Batavia started at 1848-11-11 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751992, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 42.035000 * Median Longitude: -11.581250 * South-bound Latitude: 31.520000 * West-bound Longitude: -18.900000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.750000 * East-bound Longitude: 0.850000
Date/Time Start: 1848-11-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-11-18T13:00:00
Event(s):
Sara_Johanna_18481111_B_REIS_2 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-11-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-11-18T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Sara Johanna, Voyage: Nieuwediep - Batavia, 1st Observer: K. Sweys
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 8 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 9 | Watch | Watch | Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships | |||
| 10 | Glasses | Glasses | Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses | |||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind scale reference | Wind scale ref | # | Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used | ||
| 14 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 15 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 16 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 17 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 18 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 19 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 20 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 21 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 22 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 23 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 24 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 25 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 26 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 27 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 28 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 29 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 30 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 31 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 32 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 33 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
438 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) | 7 TTT [°C] | 8 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 9 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...) | 10 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...) | 11 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...) | 14 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 15 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) | 16 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 17 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 18 V descr | 19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 20 ww (Weather description) | 21 Precip descr | 22 State sea descr | 23 Cloud type | 24 Clearness | 25 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 26 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 27 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 28 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 29 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 30 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 31 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 32 Comment | 33 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1848-11-11T00:00 | 56 | 9.3 | 1 | HW | 8 | 5 | NOTO | 5 | MOOI | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | HELDER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229010 | |||||||||||||
| 1848-11-11T00:00 | 90 | 2.6 | 1 | PV | 8 | 2 | O | GESTADIGE EN AANWAKKERENDE KOELTEN | GOED | NW DIJNING | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | AFSCHOONENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229012 | ||||||||||||
| 1848-11-11T12:00 | 50.75 | 0.85 | 46 | 12.3 | 1026.1 | 8.9 | 1 | VM | 8 | -22 | 6 | 48.00 | 30.30 | ONO | 6 | MOOI | LIGT BEWOLKTE LUCHT, DIKKE WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229011 | ||||||
| 1848-11-12T00:00 | 23 | HW | 8 | NNO | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229013 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-12T00:00 | 349 | 9.3 | PV | 8 | NTW | IN HET LAATST DER WACHT ONGESTADIG VAN WIND, 4* 5 | GOED | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | DE LUCHT WAS AFSCHOONEND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229015 | |||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-12T12:00 | 49.62 | -5.20 | 358 | 9.3 | 1026.1 | 8.9 | VM | 8 | -25 | 5 | 48.00 | 30.30 | NNO | AFWISSELEND VAN WIND | GOED, MOOI | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229014 | ||||||||
| 1848-11-13T00:00 | 45 | 12.3 | HW | 8 | 6 | NO | 6 | BEWOLKT | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229016 | |||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-13T00:00 | 34 | 9.3 | PV | 8 | 5 | NOTN | 5 | MOOI, GOED | WOLKDRIJVEND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229018 | |||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-13T13:00 | 48.02 | -9.58 | 18 | 2.6 | 1027.8 | 10.6 | VM | 8 | -27 | 2 | 51.00 | 30.35 | NO | Z | 1 | 2 | MOOI | AANN. WOLKDR. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 229017 | |||||
| 1848-11-14T00:00 | 90 | 6.7 | HW | 8 | 4 | O | 2-4 | GOED | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229019 | ||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-14T00:00 | 68 | 9.3 | PV | 8 | 5 | ONO | 5 | MOOI. | REGENACHTIG | STIJF BEWOLKT | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229021 | |||||||||||||
| 1848-11-14T13:00 | 44.62 | -12.22 | 66 | 12.3 | 1022.8 | 12.2 | VM | 8 | -24 | 6 | 54.00 | 30.20 | O | 14Z 37O | 6 | MOOI | AANNEMEND VAN ZEE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229020 | ||||||
| 1848-11-15T00:00 | 79 | 6.7 | HW | 8 | 4 | OTN | 4, ONGESTADIG VAN WIND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229022 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-15T00:00 | 45 | PV | 8 | 6 | NO | ONGESTADIG | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229024 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-15T13:00 | 40.95 | -14.33 | 314 | 1019.0 | 12.8 | VM | 8 | AFWISSELEND VAN WIND MET HORRELS | -24 | 55.00 | 30.09 | NNW | 6Z 23O | HARDE WINDVLAGEN, IETS AFNEMEND VAN WIND | GOED | AANNEMEND VAN ZEE | AFWISSELEND BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229023 | |||||||
| 1848-11-16T00:00 | 270 | 6.7 | HW | 8 | 4 | W | 4 | MOOI | AFNEMEND VAN ZEE | AFDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229025 | ||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-16T00:00 | 56 | 6.7 | PV | 8 | 4 | NOTO | 4 | GOED | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229027 | |||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-16T13:00 | 37.20 | -15.97 | 68 | 1019.7 | 16.1 | VM | 8 | KOMPAS VAN 24° OP 22°30 NW | -22 | 61.00 | 30.11 | O | 17Z 8W | MOOI | BEWOLKT, BEW EN WOLKDRIJVEND | HELDERE LUCHT, HEIJIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229026 | ||||||||
| 1848-11-17T00:00 | 90 | 1.0 | HW | 8 | 1 | O | 1 | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229028 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-17T00:00 | 68 | PV | 8 | ONO | ONGESTADIG VAN WIND | BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229030 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-17T13:00 | 33.60 | -17.30 | 68 | 12.3 | 1011.6 | 17.2 | VM | 8 | -22 | 6 | 63.00 | 29.87 | O | 10Z 7O | 6 | AFWISSELEND BETROKKEN LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229029 | ||||||||
| 1848-11-18T00:00 | 90 | 6.7 | PV | 8 | 4 | O | 4*, AANNEMEND | WEERLICHT IN T Z EN ZZO | HEIJIGE, BETROKKEN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 229032 | |||||||||||||||
| 1848-11-18T13:00 | 31.52 | -18.90 | 182 | 2.6 | 1008.5 | 17.8 | VM | 8 | -21 | 2 | 64.00 | 29.78 | ZZW | 9Z03W | 2 | GOED | REGEN | DIKKE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229031 |