García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SAPHIRE cruise from Achean Head to Bombay started at 1808-06-26 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751991, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 0.892308 * Median Longitude: 80.649231 * South-bound Latitude: -9.180000 * West-bound Longitude: 63.030000 * North-bound Latitude: 18.730000 * East-bound Longitude: 94.430000
Date/Time Start: 1808-06-26T06:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1808-08-03T07:00:00
Event(s):
Saphire_18080626_NMM_ADM/L/S243 * Latitude Start: 5.830000 * Longitude Start: 95.000000 * Latitude End: 18.500000 * Longitude End: 72.820000 * Date/Time Start: 1808-06-26T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1808-08-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Saphire, Voyage: Achean Head - Bombay, 1st Observer: Gearoge Davies (Captain), 2nd Observer: De Bartholomew (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 16G 422BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
698 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1808-06-26T06:00 | 6.20 | 94.43 | 238 | 6.7 | GRANDE BASSE CEYLON | S88W | 254 | N61W | 45.00 | 2 | SWBS, SWBW, SW, SW1/2S, VARIABLE, SBW, VARIABLE | HEAVY SQUALLS, NOON MODERATE BREEZES, 2 MORE MODERATE, SQUALLY, MIDNIGHT STRONG GALES | SHOWERS OF RAIN HEAVY RAIN | HEAVY SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228971 | |
| 1808-06-27T06:00 | 6.17 | 93.28 | 362 | 6.7 | GRANDE BASSE CEYLON | S89W | 231 | N89W | 50.00 | 2 | VARIABLE, SWBS, VARIABLE, SWBW, SW | STRONG GALES, 4 MORE MODERATE, 11:30 HEAVY SQUALLS, NOON MORE MODERATE, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 3 SQUALLY | HEAVY RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228972 | ||
| 1808-06-28T06:00 | 6.23 | 92.60 | 227 | 6.7 | GRANDE BASSE CEYLON | S89W | 224 | N86W | 48.00 | 2 | SW, SWBS, SW, SWBS | SQUALLY, NOON MODERATE BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 12 SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228973 | ||||
| 1808-06-29T06:00 | 6.75 | 91.48 | 216 | 6.7 | GRANDE BASSE CEYLON | S87W | 195 | N60W | 78.00 | 2 | SWBS | FREQUENT SQUALLS, 8 MODERATE BREEZES | UNSETTLED THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228974 | |||
| 1808-06-30T06:00 | 7.53 | 90.27 | 216 | 6.7 | ELEPHANT POINT | S82W | 172 | N60W | 90.00 | 2 | SWBS | MODERATE BREEZES, PM SQUALLY, 8 STEADY BREEZE, 10 SQUALLY, 12 MODERATE BREEZES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228975 | ||
| 1808-07-01T06:00 | 8.53 | 88.73 | 362 | TRINCOMALLY | W | 148 | N56W | 102.00 | 2 | SWBS, VARIABLE, SWBS | FRESH BREEZES, NOON SQUALLY, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 4 SQUALLY, 8 FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT STRONG BREEZES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228976 | |||
| 1808-07-02T06:00 | 9.60 | 87.57 | 216 | 9.3 | TRINCOMALLY | S79W | 127 | N50W | 90.00 | 2 | SWBS | 5 FRESH BREEZES, 5:30 SQUALLY, 8 FRESH BREEZES, NOON FRESH BREEZES, PM STEADY BREEZE | RAIN | STRONG SWELL | CLOUDY, NOON CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228977 | |
| 1808-07-03T06:00 | 8.37 | 88.07 | 216 | 9.3 | S28E | 90.00 | 2 | SWBS, SW | 1:30 SQUALLY, NOON STEADT BREEZE, 4PM FRESH BREEZES, 8PM STEADY BREEZE, MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY, AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228978 | ||||||
| 1808-07-04T06:00 | 6.63 | 89.08 | 227 | 9.3 | S23E | 120.00 | 2 | SW, SWBW | FRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLS, FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT STEADY BREEZE | HEAVY SEA SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228979 | |||||
| 1808-07-05T06:00 | 4.70 | 90.08 | 362 | 9.3 | S27E | 130.00 | 2 | SWBW, VARIABLE, SWBW, WSW, SWBW, WSW | STRONG BREEZES, MODERATE BREEZES, NOON STEADY BREEZE, PM SQUALLY, 6 LIGHT BREEZE, 11 SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 228980 | |||||
| 1808-07-06T06:00 | 2.58 | 90.08 | 250 | 2.6 | S | 126.00 | 2 | WSW | 2 LIGHT AIRS, 4 LIGHT BREEZES. 4PM FRESH BREEZES, 8 STEADY BREEZES, 9 FRESH BREEZES | FINE AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228981 | ||||||
| 1808-07-07T06:00 | 0.65 | 90.30 | 250 | 6.7 | S17W | 125.00 | 2 | WSW, SWBW | SQUALLY, 8AM MODERATE BREEZES,11 FRESH BREEZES NOON MODERATE BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 8 FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT SQUALLY | CLOUDY | HEAVY RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228982 | |||||
| 1808-07-08T06:00 | -0.97 | 91.07 | 238 | 0.0 | S27E | 105.00 | 2 | VARIABLE, SWBW | CALM | UNSETTLED AND CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228983 | ||||||
| 1808-07-09T06:00 | -1.17 | 90.60 | 250 | 1.0 | S | 14.00 | 2 | W, WSW, W | LIGHT AIRS, 4PM MODERATE BREEZES, | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228984 | ||||||
| 1808-07-10T06:00 | -3.02 | 90.10 | 271 | 9.3 | S15W | 115.00 | 1 | W, SW, WSW | MODERATE BREEZES, 8 FRESH BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, 4PM LIGHT AIRS 7 SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228985 | |||||
| 1808-07-11T06:00 | -4.08 | 90.95 | 249 | 2.6 | S16E | 70.00 | 1 | SWBW, WSW, SWBW, SBW, SE, SW | SQUALLY, NOON LIGHT WINDS, PM LIGHT WINDS, 7 SQUALLY, 8 CALM, MIDNIGHT STEADY BREEZE | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228986 | |||||
| 1808-07-12T06:00 | -4.70 | 91.72 | 226 | 2.6 | S51E | 61.00 | 1 | SW, SW, VARIABLE, NE, WBN | STEEADY BREEZE, 4 MODERATE BREEZES, 8 LIGHT WINDS, PM LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM 4 LIGHT BREEZES, 8 SMALL BREEZE | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228987 | ||||||
| 1808-07-13T06:00 | -5.27 | 91.48 | 136 | 6.7 | S20W | 40.00 | 1 | SW, SSW, VARIABLE, SE, ESE | LIGHT AIRS, NOON MODERATE BREEZES, PM LIGHT AIRS, 6 CALM, | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228988 | |||||
| 1808-07-14T06:00 | -5.83 | 91.10 | 91 | 2.6 | S34W | 35.00 | 1 | SE, SWBS, SBW, ENE | LIGHT AIRS, 8 LIGHT WINDS, 10 SQUALLY, NOON LIGHT BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, 4 CALM, 6 SQUALLY, | CLOUDY, NOON CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228989 | ||||||
| 1808-07-15T06:00 | -6.73 | 90.27 | 159 | 6.7 | S38W | 66.00 | 1 | SSE, SE, VARIABLE, SBE | AM MODERATE BREEZE, PM LIGHT BREEZES, 5 SQUALLY, MIDNIGHT MODERATE BREEZES, | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228990 | ||||||
| 1808-07-16T06:00 | -8.13 | 88.68 | 158 | 9.3 | S45W | 123.00 | 0 | SSE | 12:30 SQUALLY, 8 FRESH BREEZES, 8 PM STEADY BREEZES | CLOUDY, NOON HAZY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228991 | ||||||
| 1808-07-17T06:00 | -9.18 | 85.58 | 158 | 9.3 | S69W | 180.00 | 0 | SSE, SE | MODERATE BREEZES, NOON STEADY BREEZES, PM STEADY BREEZES, MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228992 | ||||||
| 1808-07-18T07:00 | -9.08 | 81.88 | 134 | 9.3 | W2N | 261.00 | -1 | SE | FRESH BREEZES, | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228993 | ||||||
| 1808-07-19T07:00 | -9.00 | 78.50 | 157 | 9.3 | DIEGO GARCIA | N75W | 43 | N88W | 189.00 | -1 | SE, SSE, ESE | FRESH BREEZES, 8AM MODERATE BREEZES, NOON FRESH BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 4 FRESH BREEZES, 6 STEADY BREEZES, 7:30 FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY, PM CLEAR, 6PM CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228994 | |||
| 1808-07-20T07:00 | -9.00 | 75.45 | 88 | 6.7 | DIEGO GARCIA | N61W | 69 | W | 172.00 | -2 | ESE, E, ESE | STEADY BREEZES, 8 MODERATE BREEZES, 6PM FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT FRESH GALES | SMALL SHOWERS OF RAIN | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228995 | ||
| 1808-07-21T07:00 | -9.00 | 72.15 | 110 | 9.3 | DIEGO GARCIA | N11E | 134 | W | 197.00 | -3 | ESE, SSE | FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228996 | ||||
| 1808-07-22T07:00 | -8.97 | 69.58 | 132 | 9.3 | W | 162.00 | -3 | SSE, SE, SSE, S | MODERATE BREEZES NOON STEADY BREEZE, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 6PM LIGHT BREEZES, 11 SQUALLY, MIDNIHGT FRESH BREEZES | RAIN | CLOUDY, NOON FINE AND PLEASANT, PM CLOUDY AND CLEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228997 | |||||
| 1808-07-23T08:00 | -8.07 | 66.77 | 130 | 9.3 | DIEGO GARCIA | 123 | W | 168.00 | -5 | S, SE, SSE | STEADY BREEZE, 8 MODERATE BREEZES, NOON FRESH BREEZES, 6PM MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT SQUALLY | RAIN | CLEAR AND CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228998 | |||
| 1808-07-24T08:00 | -7.18 | 64.77 | 131 | CANDIO ISLAND | N84W | 238 | N47W | 163.00 | -4 | SSE, SE, SEBE | SQUALLY, 8 FRESH BREEZES, 10 SQUALLY, 6PM FRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLY | HEAVY RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 228999 | |||
| 1808-07-25T08:00 | -4.20 | 63.83 | 154 | 9.3 | GAMA ISLAND | N80E | 246 | N15W | 185.00 | -4 | SEBE, SSE | SQUALLY, 8 FRESH BREEZES, NOON STEADY BREEZE, PM FRESH BREEZES, STEADY BREEZE, 8PM FRESH BREEZES, AND SQUALLY, MIDNIGHT SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229000 | ||
| 1808-07-26T08:00 | -1.55 | 63.47 | 155 | 1.0 | SE PT OF MALDIVES | N86E | 227 | N12W | 180.00 | -3 | SSE, SE, SSE | FREQUENT SQUALLS, 8 MODERATE BREEZES, NOON LIGHT AIRS, 6 LIGHT BREEZES, 9:30 STEADY BREEZE | CLOUDY AND OVERCAST | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 229001 | |||
| 1808-07-27T08:00 | 0.63 | 63.03 | 177 | 2.6 | S PT OF MALDIVES | S83E | 240 | N5W | 136.00 | -3 | SSE, S, SBE | 3 SQUALLY, 8 LIGHT BREEZES, NOON STEADY LIGHT BREEZES, PM MODERATE BREEZES, 8PM LIGHT BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE BREEZES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229002 | ||
| 1808-07-28T08:00 | 2.33 | 63.32 | 222 | 2.6 | N5E | 102.00 | -3 | SBE, SW, SSW, WSW | PASSING SQUALLS, 8 MODERATE BREEZES, NON LIGHT BREEZES, PM LIGHT BREEZES, 8 MODERATE BREEZES, MIDNIGHT MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY, PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229003 | ||||||
| 1808-07-29T08:00 | 4.98 | 63.60 | 267 | 9.3 | N5W | 163.00 | -3 | WSW, W, WBN | STEADY BREEZE, NOON FRESH BREEZES, PM STEADY BREEZE, 11PM HEAVY AND SUDDEN SQUALL | CLEAR, NOON CLOUDY, 8 PM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229004 | ||||||
| 1808-07-30T08:00 | 8.10 | 63.42 | 268 | 9.3 | S | 187.00 | -2 | WBN, WSW, W | 1AM HEAVY SQUALL, NOON FRESH BREEZES, PM FRESH GALES 8 SG, 10 SQUALLY, STRONG GALES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229005 | |||||
| 1808-07-31T08:00 | 11.02 | 64.50 | 223 | 19.0 | NTH PT OF THALPANY | NBE1/4E | 390 | N17E | 190.00 | -2 | W, SW, W | STRONG GALES,WITH HEAVY SQUALLS, NOON FRESH GALES, PM FRESH GALES 6 MORE MODERATE, MIDNIGHT STRONG GALES | SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229006 | ||
| 1808-08-01T08:00 | 13.87 | 65.80 | 268 | 22.6 | NW PT OF THALPANY ISLAND | S83E | 295 | N31E | 200.00 | -2 | W | STRONG GALES, FREQUENT SQUALLS, MIDNIGHT SQUALLY | HIGH RUNNING SEA | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229007 | ||
| 1808-08-02T07:00 | 16.33 | 68.00 | 269 | 9.3 | HENRY | N63E | 103 | N39E | 196.00 | -1 | W, WBN | STRONG BREEZES, NOON FRESH BREEZES, PM STRONG BREEZES, 8PM FRESH BREEZES, MIDNIGHT STEADY STRONG BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229008 | |||
| 1808-08-03T07:00 | 18.73 | 69.73 | 280 | 9.3 | HENRY | N87E | 60 | N39E | 187.00 | -1 | WBN, W | STRONG BREEZES, PASSING SQUALLS, 8 FRESH BREEZES, 6PM STEADY LIGHT BREEZES, 8 FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 229009 |