García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Santa Elena cruise from Nápoles to Liorna started at 1789-07-03 [dataset]. Archivo Museo Naval Madrid, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751938, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 40.106923 * Median Longitude: 7.915385 * South-bound Latitude: 38.230000 * West-bound Longitude: 4.340000 * North-bound Latitude: 43.600000 * East-bound Longitude: 13.640000
Date/Time Start: 1789-07-03T11:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-07-30T00:00:00
Event(s):
Santa_Elena_17890703_MS_1689 * Latitude Start: 40.570000 * Longitude Start: 13.640000 * Latitude End: 43.510000 * Longitude End: 10.240000 * Date/Time Start: 1789-07-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-07-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Santa Elena (Fragata), Voyage: Nápoles - Liorna, 1st Observer: Fco. Antonio de Montes (Capitan)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 13 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 14 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
446 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 ww (Weather description) | 17 State sea descr | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1789-07-03T11:00 | 40.57 | 13.64 | 276 | 4.6 | LO MÁS SE DE ISQUIA | NE 1/4 N | 8 | 1 | -17 | ONO | FLOJO | ANOCHEC. EL HORIZ. CLARO, MAR LLANA, VENTOLINA (...) AMANECIÓ CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. IGUAL, MAR LLANA Y VTO FLOJO. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226002 | ||||
| 1789-07-04T11:00 | 39.90 | 12.39 | 1.0 | 1 | SO | 70.00 | -18 | CASI CALMA | POCO DESPUÉS DE MEDIODÍA ENTRÓ LA VENTOLINA POR EL ONO (...) AL ANOCHECER ESTABA TODO CLARO, VTO BONANCIBLE, MAR LLANA (...) AMANAECIÓ LO MISMO. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226003 | |||||||
| 1789-07-05T11:00 | 39.78 | 12.04 | 300 | 1 | O 1/4 SO | 18.00 | -18 | NO 1/4 N | ANOCHEC. CLARO, MAR LLANA. AMANECIÓ LO MISMO Y EN CALMA. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226004 | |||||||
| 1789-07-06T11:00 | 39.83 | 11.71 | 207 | 1 | ONO | 15.50 | -18 | SO | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. CON ALGUNA CELAJ. MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE (...) AMANEC. LO MISMO QUE ANOCHECIÓ. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226005 | |||||||
| 1789-07-07T11:00 | 39.50 | 10.89 | 294 | 1 | N 1/4 NE | 42.50 | -18 | NO 1/4 O | ANOCHEC. CIELO Y HORIZ. CLAROS, VTO FLOJO, MAR LLANA (...) AMANECIÓ COMO ANOCHECIÓ. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226006 | |||||||
| 1789-07-08T11:00 | 39.30 | 9.97 | 27 | CABO CARBONARA | O 5º S | 5 | 1 | O 5º S | 46.00 | -18 | NE | ANOCHEC. CLARO, MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE (...) AMANEC. COMO ANOCHEC. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226007 | ||||
| 1789-07-09T11:00 | 38.87 | 9.64 | 27 | ISLA DEL TORO | ONO | 9 | 1 | O 8º S | -18 | NE | ANOCHEC. CIELO Y HORIZ. CLARO, MAR LLANA, VTO FLOJO (...) AMANECIÓ COMO ANOCHECIÓ. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226008 | |||||
| 1789-07-10T11:00 | 38.80 | 9.52 | 75 | ISLA DEL TORO | NO 1/4 O | 2 | 1 | O | -18 | E 1/4 SE | AL PONERSE EL SOL (...) TODO CLARO, VTO FLOJO, MAR LLANA (...) AMANECIÓ COMO ANOCHECIÓ. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226009 | |||||
| 1789-07-11T11:00 | 38.98 | 9.09 | 294 | ISLA DEL TORO | S 60º E | 5 | 1 | N 1/4 NE | -18 | NO 1/4 O | ANOCHECIÓ CLARO, MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE Y ASÍ ESTABA AL AMANECER. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226010 | |||||
| 1789-07-12T11:00 | 38.75 | 8.74 | 162 | CABO TOLAR (SUR DE CERDEÑA) | S 87º E | 13 | 1 | NO 1/4 O | -18 | S | ANOCHECIÓ CIELO Y HORIZ. CLARO, Y AMANECIÓ EL CIELO CLARO, EL HORIZ CON CELAJ. PARDA,MAR LLANA,VTO FLOJO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226011 | |||||
| 1789-07-13T11:00 | 38.92 | 7.69 | 210 | 1 | NO 1/4 O | 40.00 | -18 | SO 1/4 O | ANOCHEC. CLARO (...) VTO MUY FLOJO, MAR LLANA (...) AMANECIÓ CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. CARGADO DE CELAJ., VTO FRESQUITO, MAR LLANA. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226012 | |||||||
| 1789-07-14T12:00 | 38.23 | 7.07 | 344 | 1 | ONO 5º N | 31.50 | -19 | N 1/4 NE | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. OFUSCADO, VTO MUY FRESCO (...) AMANECIÓ LO MISMO, VTO MÁS BONANCIBLE, EL QUE SIGUIÓ AFLOJANDO EL RESTO DE LA SINGL. ABONA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226013 | |||||||
| 1789-07-15T12:00 | 38.98 | 5.62 | 23 | 1 | NO 1/4 O | 69.00 | -19 | NE 1/4 N | ANOCHEC. CON CELAJ. PARDA VTO BONANCIBLE (...) AMANECIÓ DE LA MISMA FORMA. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226014 | |||||||
| 1789-07-16T12:00 | 38.83 | 4.47 | 94 | ISLA CABRERA | NO 3º N | 7 | 1 | ONO 5º O | 52.00 | -19 | ESE | ANOCHEC. CLARO, VTO FRESQUITO, Y ALGUNA MAREJADA. AMANECIÓ CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. ACELAJADOS, VTO FLOJO, MAR LLANA. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226015 | ||||
| 1789-07-17T12:00 | 39.75 | 4.34 | 229 | LO MÁS S Y E DE LA ISLA DEL AIRE | N 73º E | 1 | 1 | NO 2º O | 82.50 | -19 | OSO | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, Y HORIZ. CON CELAJ., MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE (...) AMANEC. CIELO Y HORIZ.CON CELAJ. PARDA, MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226016 | ||||
| 1789-07-18T12:00 | 39.78 | 4.62 | 251 | LA MOLA | N 38º O | 4 | 1 | O 8º N | -19 | O | ANOCHEC. CLARO, VTO BONANCIBLE, MAREJJADA DE ÉL (...) AMANEC. SEGÚN ANOCHECIÓ. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226017 | |||||
| 1789-07-19T12:00 | 39.87 | 4.79 | 116 | LA MONTAÑA DEL TORO | N 63º O | 1 | ENE | 10.00 | -19 | SE | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. CON CELAJ. CLARA, VTO FLOJO, MAREJADA DEL NNE (...) AMANEC. EN CALMA. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226018 | |||||
| 1789-07-20T12:00 | 40.02 | 5.22 | 29 | 1 | NNO | 18.00 | -19 | NE 1/4 E | ANOCHEC. CLARO, MAR LLANA (...) Y CASI EN CALMA (...) AMANEC. CIELO Y HORIZ. CLARO, MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226019 | |||||||
| 1789-07-21T12:00 | 40.15 | 4.94 | 4 | 4.6 | 1 | E 3º S | 14.25 | -19 | NNE | FLOJO | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ.CON ALGUNA CELAJ., VTO FLOJO Y MAREJADA DEL VTO. (...) AMANECIÓ COMO ANOCHEC., EL VTO UN POCO MÁS FUERTE. | MAREJADA DEL VTO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226020 | ||||
| 1789-07-22T12:00 | 40.45 | 5.22 | 341 | 1 | ENE 5º E | 22.50 | -19 | N | ANOCHEC. CIELO Y HORIZ. CON CELAJ. CLARA, VTO FLOJO, (...) AMANECIÓ EN LA MISMA FORMA, SÓLO EL VTO BONANCIBLE. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226021 | |||||||
| 1789-07-23T12:00 | 40.86 | 5.08 | 23 | 1 | NO8º N | 59.50 | -19 | NE 1/4 N | ANOCHEC. CIELO Y HHORIZ. CON CELAJ. PARDA, VTO FRESCO Y MAR DE ÉL AMANECIÓ LO MISMO. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226022 | |||||||
| 1789-07-24T12:00 | 41.27 | 4.95 | 71 | 1 | N 1/4 NO | 53.50 | -19 | E | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. OFUSCADO, MAREJADA DEL NE, VTO FLOJO (...) AMANEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. NUBLADO, MAR LLANA, VTO FRESQUITO. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226023 | |||||||
| 1789-07-25T12:00 | 42.03 | 6.62 | 251 | 1 | ENE 8º E | 89.60 | -19 | O | ANOCHEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. ACELAJADOS, MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE (...) AMAENECIÓ LO MISMO. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226024 | |||||||
| 1789-07-26T11:00 | 42.53 | 7.65 | 296 | 1 | ENE 8º E | 45.30 | -19 | NO | ANOCHEC. TOLDADO, VTO BONANCIBLE. AMANECIÓ CIELO Y HORIZ. CON CELAJ, MAR LLANA, VTO BONANCIBLE. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226025 | |||||||
| 1789-07-27T11:00 | 43.23 | 9.72 | 161 | PUERTO BERERE? | NO 1/4N | 7 | 1 | E 1/4 NE | 84.00 | -19 | S | ANOCHEC. CIELO NUBLADO, HORIZ. ATURBONADO, VTO FRESCO, MAR LLANA (...) AMANEC. CIELO CLARO, HORIZ. NUBLADO, VTO FRESCO, MAR MUY GRUESA DE ÉL. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226026 | ||||
| 1789-07-28T11:00 | 43.60 | 10.17 | 209 | BOCA DEL PUERTO DE LIORNA | SE 1/4 E | 1 | NO 5º O | 16.00 | -19 | SO 1/4 O | ANOCHECIÓ CIELO Y HORIZ. CON CELAJ. CLARA, MAREJADA DEL O,VTO MUY FLOJO (...) AMANECIÓ COMO ANOCHECIÓ, VTO BONANCIBLE. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226027 | |||||
| 1789-07-29T00:00 | BOCA DE LA RADA | S 17º O | 1 | 1 | SSE 5º S | A LAS 2 DIMOS FONDO AL ANCLA DE BABOR (PUERTO DE LIORNA) (...) NOTA: LA CIUDAD DE LIORNA ESTÁ SITUADA EN LA LATITUD DE 43º 39 N Y NO EN LA QUE SEÑALA LA CARTA HOLANDESA DE KEULER , Y EN LONG. DE 8º 6 AL ORIENTE DEL MERIDIANO DE PARÍS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226028 | ||||||||||
| 1789-07-30T00:00 | 1 | EL REY ESTUVO EN LA FRAGATA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 226029 |