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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SAMBRE cruise from Cruising North Sea started at 1848-07-16 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751849, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 53.924773 * Median Longitude: 4.259318 * South-bound Latitude: 52.460000 * West-bound Longitude: 3.600000 * North-bound Latitude: 56.370000 * East-bound Longitude: 5.530000
Date/Time Start: 1848-07-16T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-08-28T12:00:00
Event(s):
Sambre_18480716_MAR_D23905_3948 * Latitude Start: 52.460000 * Longitude Start: 4.010000 * Latitude End: 52.900000 * Longitude End: 4.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-07-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-08-28T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Sambre (Fregat), Voyage from: Cruising North Sea, Company: MAR, Other ship information: GEBOUWD TE ROTTERDAM, LENGTE 163 VOET, BREEDTE 42 VOET, HOLtE 22 7/11 VOET. WATERVERPLAATSING 1460 TON, BEMANNING 280 KOPPEN, 44 KANONS
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
14 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
15 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
16 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
17 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
18 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
19 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
20 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
21 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
22 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
23 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
24 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
25 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
26 Present weatherwwWeather description
27 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
28 Cloud typeCloud type
29 ClearnessClearness
30 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
31 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
32 FogFog1 If fog was reported
33 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
34 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
35 HailHail1 If hail was reported
36 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
37 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1059 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
14 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
15 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
16 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
17 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
18 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
19 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
20 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
21 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
22 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
23 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
24 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
25 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
26 
ww
(Weather description)
27 
Precip descr
28 
Cloud type
29 
Clearness
30 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
31 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
32 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
33 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
34 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
35 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
36 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
37 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1848-07-16T12:0052.464.012502.61028.019.4SCHEVENINGEN (GIS)ZZO 2/3 O51VM8ZW 3/8 Z7.00-2067.00771.00NNW-WFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000218771
1848-07-17T12:0052.644.212722.01023.318.3EGMOND (GIS)O 3/4 N51VM8N4.00-2165.00767.50WTN-WNWONGESTADIGE AFNEMENDE KOELTEGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000218772
1848-07-18T12:0052.594.332604.61021.318.91VM8Z 25 W4.00-2166.00766.00WNW-WTNBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERLICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000218773
1848-07-19T12:0053.054.332276.71009.319.4TEXEL, W-HOEK (GIS)O 1/2 Z4VM8WTN2.50-2167.00757.00ZW-WZWONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1000000218774
1848-07-20T12:0053.294.0919312.31000.018.9VM8NNW 5/8 W4.50-2166.00750.00ZWTZONGESTADIGE DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEWEINIG REGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000218775
1848-07-21T12:0053.753.692272.01010.718.3VM8NNW 3/8 W7.00-2165.00758.00WZWAFNEMENDE KOELTEMOOI WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218776
1848-07-22T12:0053.334.062271.01013.318.9VM8ZZO 5/8 O7.25-2166.00760.00WTZ-WZWFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000218777
1848-07-23T12:0052.974.251826.71016.019.4KIJKDUIN (GIS)O 1/4 Z51VM8ZTO 1/4 O5.50-2167.00762.00ZZW-ZZWMARSZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000218778
1848-07-24T12:0053.223.982499.31013.319.4EGMOND (GIS)ZO 3/4 Z11TEXEL, W-HOEK (GIS)ZOTO 3/4 O8VM8NW 1/3 W7.50-2167.00760.00WONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBEWOLKTE EN OPKLAREND0100000218779
1848-07-25T12:0053.473.8918212.31012.719.4TEXEL, W-HOEK (GIS)ZO 2/3 O10VM8NTW 1/8 W3.00-2167.00759.50ZW-ZZWAANNEMENDE TOT DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHT1000000218780
1848-07-26T12:0053.843.682272.61009.318.9VM8NTW 3/8 W5.50-2166.00757.00ZW-WZWZEER ONGELIJKE KOELTEBUIIG MET MISTEN REGENDIKKE LUCHT1110000218781
1848-07-27T12:0054.113.652279.31011.318.6TEXEL, W-HOEK (GIS)ZZO 3/4 O18VM8N 3/8 W4.50-2165.50758.50Z-WZWGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000218782
1848-07-28T12:0053.833.972494.6VM8ZZO 3/4 O5.00-21WBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218783
1848-07-29T12:0053.404.282941.01024.018.9TEXEL, W-HOEKZO 1/2 Z6VM8Z 3/4 W6.75-2166.00768.00WZW-NWFLAUWE KOELTEEEN WEINIG REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100000218784
1848-07-30T12:0053.094.231251.01018.719.4VM8ZTO 1/8 O2.25-2167.00764.00ZZO-ZOTZFLAUWE KOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218785
1848-07-31T12:0053.834.101822.61004.019.4VM8N 7/8 W14.50-2167.00753.00ZZO-ZZWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE EN OPKLARENDE LUCHTDIKKE LUCHT0000000218786
1848-08-01T12:0055.304.661374.6997.319.4VM8NTO26.00-2167.00748.00ZZOONGESATDIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIG WEERMET VEEL REGENDIKKE LUCHT1100000218787
1848-08-02T12:0054.954.962492.91008.718.3VM8ZTO10.50-2165.00756.50WAANNEMENDE KOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1000000218788
1848-08-03T12:0055.714.942154.61012.018.3VM8N W/Z W11.25-2165.00759.00ZWTWBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000218789
1848-08-04T12:0055.554.9821.01006.717.8VM8ZZW 5/8 W2.25-2164.00755.00NO-NNOFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEER0000000218790
1848-08-05T12:0055.224.931594.61006.718.3VM8ZTW 1/4 W5.00-2165.00755.00ZBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218791
1848-08-06T12:0055.724.3127215.4996.017.8VM8NTW 3/4 W9.50-2164.00747.00WZW-WNWDICHT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE MET STORMVLAGENBUIIGE LUCHTDIKKE LUCHT1000000218792
1848-08-07T12:0056.374.972724.91010.716.7VM8NOTN10.50-2162.00758.00WTN-WNWFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000218793
1848-08-08T12:0056.115.532384.61017.318.9VM8ZO 1/4 O6.25-2166.00763.00WZW-WTZBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000218794
1848-08-09T12:0055.274.652944.01009.317.8VM8ZW W/Z Z14.25-2164.00757.00N-NWAFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100000218795
1848-08-10T12:0055.665.0028312.31010.018.3VM8NNO 1/2 O7.75-2165.00757.50WNW-NWTWDUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1000000218796
1848-08-11T12:0054.764.602834.61018.718.1VM8ZTW14.25-2164.50764.00WNW-NWTWBRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000218797
1848-08-12T12:0053.973.923171.01020.017.8VM8ZZW 5/8 W13.00-2164.00765.00N-NNWFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218798
1848-08-13T12:0053.184.342726.71017.318.3VM8ZTO 1/2 O13.50-2165.00763.00ZW-WNWSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIG, GOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT1000000218799
1848-08-14T12:0054.894.20472.6EGMOND (GIS)OZO 2/3 O5VM8ZTW6.00-21NO-ONOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000218800
1848-08-15T12:0053.254.09692.61018.017.8VM8N 3/8 W7.50-2164.00763.50OTZ-OFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000218801
1848-08-16T12:0052.934.42472.61014.717.81VM8NTO 1/2 O0.75-2164.00761.00OZO-ONOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBETROKKEN LUCHT EN OPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000218802
1848-08-17T12:0053.043.742274.6VM8NWTW 1/2 W6.00-21NWTW-WZWBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218803
1848-08-18T12:0053.214.273392.61022.020.0VM8NOTO5.00-2168.00766.50NAFNEMENDE TOT FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000218804
1848-08-19T12:0053.024.182156.11013.320.0VM8Z 1/2 W2.75-2168.00760.00ZTW-ZWTWFLAUWE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTELICHT BETROKKEN LUCHT0000000218805
1848-08-20T12:0053.604.032602.61014.719.2VM8N 3/4 W9.00-2166.50761.00W-WTNFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000218806
1848-08-21T12:0053.553.8818213.11010.418.3VM8WZW 1/8 W4.00-2165.00757.80ZWTZ-ZZWONGESTADIGE AANNEMENDE DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEREGENHEIIGE LUCHT0100000218807
1848-08-22T12:0054.513.8323815.4997.317.2TEXEL, W-HOEK (GIS)ZTO 1/2 O23VM8N 3/4 O11.50-2163.00748.00WZW-WTZDICHT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEHANDZAAM WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000218808
1848-08-23T12:0054.174.182271.01007.316.7VM8ZZO 7/8 O6.25-2162.00755.50W-WZWZEER ONGESTADIGE KOELTE TOT FLAUW EN STILBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGEN1100000218809
1848-08-24T12:0053.684.102724.61015.317.8VM8Z 3/4 W7.00-2164.00761.50NW-WNWBRAMZEILSKOELTEEEN WEINIG REGENBETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000218810
1848-08-25T12:0052.964.392274.61022.717.8KIJKDUIN, VUURTOREN (GIS)O 1/8 N4PETTEN (GIS)ZO 1/2 O41VM8ZTO 1/4 O11.00-2164.00767.00ZZW-WZWFLAUWE AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000218811
1848-08-26T12:0053.063.691376.71017.318.3TEXEL, W-HOEK (GIS)O 1/8 Z9VM8W 5/8 N8.50-2165.00763.00Z-ZZOMARSZEILSKOELTEREGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000218812
1848-08-27T12:0053.283.602049.31014.019.4VM8NTW 1/8 W5.00-2167.00760.50ZWTZ-ZWONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEMOTREGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000218813
1848-08-28T12:0052.904.271826.71016.020.6KALAUTS OOG (GIS)O 1/2 Z3KIJKDUIN, TOREN (PEILING)NOTO 1/2 OKAMPERDUIN (PEILING)ZO 1/2 O1VM8O5.50-2169.00762.00ZW-ZZWONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000218814