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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SALISBURY cruise from St. Helena to Spithead started at 1778-03-09 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751838, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 20.651639 * Median Longitude: -25.493279 * South-bound Latitude: -14.980000 * West-bound Longitude: -35.650000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.880000 * East-bound Longitude: -6.650000
Date/Time Start: 1778-03-09T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-05-11T12:00:00
Event(s):
Salisbury_17780309_NMM_ADM/L/S33 * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1778-03-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-05-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Salisbury (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Helena - Spithead, 1st Observer: George Robinson Walters (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1043BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 CommentComment
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1179 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
Comment
26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1778-03-09T12:00-14.98-6.771212.6ST HELENAS47E27N47W82.00-14E, SELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218221
1778-03-10T13:00-13.78-7.701136.7ST HELENAS42E58N37W90.00-11SE, SEBEMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218222
1778-03-11T13:00-12.40-8.671466.7ST HELENAS39E91N34W100.00-12SSE, SE, SSEMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218223
1778-03-12T13:00-11.20-9.481466.7ST HELENAS38E120N33W86.00-12SEBS, SSEMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218224
1778-03-13T13:00-10.45-10.421232.6ST HELENAS39E141N45W64.00-12SEBS, SEBE, SSW, S, SBE, SELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218225
1778-03-14T13:00-9.23-11.481346.7ST HELENAS40E175N44W101.00-12SE, SEBSMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218226
1778-03-15T13:00-7.80-12.701489.3ASCENSIONS82W21N40W113.00-10SE, SSEFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESFIRST PART RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY0100000218227
1778-03-19T13:00-6.87-15.141356.7ASCENSIONS35E26N35W80.00-11SSE, SE, SEBSFIRST AND LATTER MODERATEMIDDLE DRIZZLING RAINFIRST AND LATTER FAIR0100000218228
1778-03-20T13:00-5.60-15.991356.7ASCENSIONS33E58N32W96.00-11SEBSMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218229
1778-03-21T13:00-3.98-16.95147ASCENSIONS33E94N32W100.00-11SEBS, SSEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATEFIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR WEATHER, LATTER CLOUDY0000000218230
1778-03-22T13:00-2.68-17.841506.7ASCENSIONS33E126N34W95.00-8SEBS, SE, SSEMODERATEDRIZZLING RAINHAZY0100000218231
1778-03-23T13:00-1.33-18.741376.7ASCENSIONS33E158N34W96.00-9SEBSMODERATEDRIZZLING RAINHAZY0100000218232
1778-03-24T13:000.07-19.521496.7ASCENSIONS32E190N29W97.00-9SEBE, SE, SSEMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218233
1778-03-25T13:001.42-20.27137ASCENSIONS32E220N29W93.00-9SE, VARIABLE, E, SEBSSQUALLY WEATHERHARD SHOWERS OF RAIN1100000218234
1778-03-26T13:003.00-20.851486.7ASCENSIONS31E253N20W101.00-10ENE, SE, SSEMODERATESOME RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218235
1778-03-27T13:003.88-21.27136ASCENSIONS30E273N25W61.00-10SSE, SE, VARIABLE, NE, NEBE, SEBSSQUALLSHEAVY RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218236
1778-03-28T13:004.65-21.703501.0ASCENSIONS30E290N30W51.00-10VARIABLE, SSE, NNE, NLIGHT AIRSSOME RAINCLOUDY0100000218237
1778-03-29T13:005.02-22.17461.0ASCENSIONS31E301N51W35.00-10NEBN, NE, NEBELIGHT AIRSFAIR WEATHER0000000218238
1778-03-30T14:005.68-22.90492.6ASCENSIONS32E320N41W59.00-7ENE, NE, NEBELIGHT BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218239
1778-03-31T14:006.55-24.02166.7ASCENSIONS33E347N52W85.00-7NE, NEBN, NNEMODERATECLOUDY0000000218240
1778-04-01T14:007.33-25.02169.3ASCENSIONS35E371N52W76.00-7NEBN, NE, NNEFRESH BREEZESFAIR WEATHER0000000218241
1778-04-02T14:008.17-25.79609.3ASCENSIONS35E393N42W67.00-8NNE, NE, NEBN, NE, NEBE, ENEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218242
1778-04-03T14:008.83-26.49152.6ASCENSIONS36E412N46W58.00-8NE, NNE, NEBN, NEBE, NNELIGHT BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218243
1778-04-04T14:0010.03-27.623099.3ASCENSIONS36E445N43W99.00-6NWFRESH BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218244
1778-04-05T14:0011.45-29.003099.3ASCENSIONS37E484N43W116.00-6NWFRESH BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218245
1778-04-06T14:0013.03-30.373089.3ASCENSIONS37E523NW QUARTER124.00-7NWFRESH BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218246
1778-04-07T14:0014.47-31.753086.7ASCENSIONS38E565NW QUARTER118.00-7NWFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLS, LATTER MODERATELATTER CLOUDY0000000218247
1778-04-08T14:0016.37-32.553109.3ASCENSIONS38E604NW123.00-5NWFRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLSA SWELL FROM THE NE0000000218248
1778-04-09T14:0018.18-33.00399.3ASCENSIONS35E638N13W112.00-6NEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218249
1778-04-10T14:0020.17-33.54399.3ASCENSIONS34E676N15:0W123.00-6NEFRESH BREEZESFAIR WEATHER0000000218250
1778-04-11T14:0023.50-34.67379.3ASCENSIONS32E738N15W114.00-8NEFRESH BREEZES AT 2 SQUALLY, AT 4 MODERATE, AT 5 SQUALLY, AT 8 FRESH BREEZESAT 2 RAINHAZY WEATHER, AT 4 CLOUDY0100000218251
1778-04-12T14:0023.50-34.69379.3ASCENSIONS32E738N15W-8NEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218252
1778-04-13T14:0024.65-35.321056.7ASCENSIONS31E763N27W78.00-8ENE, ESEMODERATE AND LIGHT BREEZESFAIR WEATHER0000000218253
1778-04-14T14:0026.18-35.101726.7ASCENSIONS30E792N7E93.00-8VARIABLE, ESE, SLIGHT BREEZES, AT 8 MODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER, AT 8 FAIR WEATHER0000000218254
1778-04-15T14:0027.67-34.75350.0ASCENSIONS29E813N12E91.00-10NEMODERATE BREEZES, AT 8 LIGHT BREEZES, CALMDRIZZLING RAINHAZY WEATHER, CLOUDY0100000218255
1778-04-16T14:0029.15-34.702159.3ASCENSIONS28E838N2E88.00-10SWLIGHT BREEZES, AT 6 LIGHT AIRS, AT 12 MODERATE, AT 7 SQUALLY, AT 10 FRESH BREEZESAT 3 RAINFAIR WEATHER, AT 6 CLOUDY, AT 10 HAZY WEATHER0100000218256
1778-04-17T14:0030.87-34.453056.7ASCENSIONS26E866N7E105.00-10SW, NWFRESH BREEZES, AT 8 MODERATEAT 9 LIGHTNINGCLOUDY WEATHER0000100218257
1778-04-18T14:0032.03-33.543056.7ASCENSIONS25E879N34E85.00-10NWFRESH GALES, AT 8 SQUALLY, AT 12 MODERATEAT 10 DRIZZLING RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218258
1778-04-19T14:0032.33-33.04352.6ASCENSIONS24E879N55E32.00-10NW, NEFRESH BREEZES, AT 8 LIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER, AT 8 FAIR0000000218259
1778-04-20T14:0032.68-33.221672.6CORVON5E146N24W23.00-13NE, SLIGHT BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218260
1778-04-21T14:0033.07-33.442121.0ASCENSIONS24E897N26W26.00-13SWLIGHT AIRSAT 12 A SWELL FROM THE EASTWARDFAIR WEATHER0000000218261
1778-04-22T14:0033.57-33.771222.6ISLE CORVON9E130N28W35.00-13SELIGHT AIRS, AT 12 LIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218262
1778-04-23T14:0035.20-34.301229.3CORVON17E100N15W102.00-13SELIGHT BREEZES, AT 6 FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218263
1778-04-24T14:0036.85-34.922466.7CORVON31E74N17W104.00-13SW, WBSFRESH BREEZES, AT 12 MODERATELIGHTNINGAT 12 RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100100218264
1778-04-25T14:0037.65-35.092991.0ASCENSIONS23E999N10W-16NWMODERATE, AT 8 LIGHT AIRS, AT 12 MODERATE, AT 3 LIGHT AIRSCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218265
1778-04-26T14:0038.83-35.30749.3ASCENSIONS22E1015N8W72.00-16NW, VARIABLE, E9 LIGHT AIRS, 11 SQUALLY, AT 8 FRESH BREEZES11 DRIZZLING RAINA SWELL FROM THE SECLOUDY0100000218266
1778-04-27T14:0041.08-35.6574CORVOS66E53N7W136.00-16EFRESH BREEZES, 10 SQUALLY, 12 FRESH BREEZES, 4 SQUALLY4 RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218267
1778-04-28T14:0042.92-35.351166.7LIZARDN70E428N7E111.00-19EASTWARD, SEFRESH BREEZES, AT 11 SQUALLY, AT NOON MODERATEAT 11 RAINCLOUDY WEATHER, AT NOON HAZY WEATHER0100000218268
1778-04-29T14:0044.30-34.501169.3LIZARDN73E405N24W90.00-19ESE, SEBE, SEBS, SEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218269
1778-04-30T14:0046.12-33.40716.7LIZARDN79E390N109.00-19SEBE, SE, ESE, EBS, EBN, EMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation218270
1778-05-01T14:0046.87-34.75379.3LIZARDN81E388N13W47.00-19E, ENE, NEBEFRESH BREEZESAT 4 AND 9 DRIZZLING RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218271
1778-05-02T14:0046.50-33.1226LIZARDN79E369N72E72.00-19NEFRESH BREEZES, AT 8 SQUALLYAT 8 RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218272
1778-05-03T14:0046.63-31.00259.3LIZARDN79E340N85E88.00-20NNE, NEBN, NEFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYDRIZZLING RAIN0100000218273
1778-05-04T14:0047.40-28.09362LIZARDN80E297N69E130.00-20N, NBW, NW, VARIABLEMODERATE, AT 4 FRESH BREEZES, AT 8 SQUALLY, AT 11 SQAULLYAT 8 DRIZZLING RAIN, AT 11 RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218274
1778-05-05T14:0047.72-26.571111.0LIZARDN81E275N73E66.00-24NW, WNW, SEFRESH BREEZES, AT 4 LIGHT BREEZES, AT 6 LIGHT AIRSAT 8 DRIZZLING RAINA SWELL FROM THE NORTHWARDCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218275
1778-05-06T14:0048.20-24.2225719.0LIZARDN82E242N73E100.00-24NE, NW, WBNFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, AT 8 FRESH GALES AT 2 SQUALLYAT 8 RAINAT 8 CLOUDY0100000218276
1778-05-07T13:0048.63-20.222919.3LIZARDN82E189N81E162.00-24WBS, WNW, NWFRESH BREEZES, AT 2 SQUALLY, 4 FRESH BREEZES, AT NOON FRESH BREEZESAT 2 HAILCLOUDY WEATHER, AT NOON HAZY0000010218277
1778-05-08T13:0049.07-16.8729219.0LIZARDN83E143N79E93.00-23NWFRESH GALES, AT 8 SQUALLY12 DRIZZLING RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218278
1778-05-09T13:0049.35-14.102476.7LIZARDN84E113N79E93.00-23WNW, NNW, NWBW, WNW, WFIRST PART MODERATE, AT 12 MODERATEAT 12 CLOUDY0000000218279
1778-05-10T13:0049.35-10.59180LIZARDN79E60E158.00-23SSWFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER SQUALLY, 9 FRESH BREEZES, 3 SQUALLYMIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN, AT 3 DRIZZLING RAINFIRST PART HAZY, AT 9 CLOUDY0100000218280
1778-05-11T12:0049.88-6.651819.3LIZARDN87E10N78E156.00-22SWBS, SSWFRESH BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218281