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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SALISBURY cruise from Trincomalee to Table Bay started at 1777-10-18 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751836, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -18.112933 * Median Longitude: 61.571867 * South-bound Latitude: -35.880000 * West-bound Longitude: 17.330000 * North-bound Latitude: 8.070000 * East-bound Longitude: 87.110000
Date/Time Start: 1777-10-18T07:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-12-31T11:00:00
Event(s):
Salisbury_17771018_NMM_ADM/L/S33 * Latitude Start: 8.620000 * Longitude Start: 81.600000 * Latitude End: -34.430000 * Longitude End: 16.950000 * Date/Time Start: 1777-10-18T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-12-31T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Salisbury (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Trincomalee - Table Bay, 1st Observer: George Robinson Walters (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1043BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1451 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
14 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
15 
ww
(Weather description)
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1777-10-18T07:008.0781.78203FALGSTAFF POINTN50W14S50E43.000SE, SW, WSW, NW, WNW, W, WBS, SSW, SBWFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE MODERATESOME RAINFIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY0100100218132
1777-10-19T06:007.3382.512261.0FALGSTAFF POINTN47W35S29E50.001SE, WNW, SWFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218133
1777-10-20T06:006.6882.782266.7FALGSTAFF POINTN40W48S23E42.001NE, SWFIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS AND INCLINABLE TO CALM, LATTER MODERATEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218134
1777-10-21T06:005.4584.01271FALGSTAFF POINTN42W83S45E105.001SW, WSW, WNO CURRENTFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER SQUALLYLATTER RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY WEATHER0100000218135
1777-10-22T06:004.0785.362269.3FALGSTAFF POINTN43W121S44E116.001W, WSW, SWBW, SWFRESH BREEZESFREQUENT SQUALLS OF RAINA SWELL FROM THE SWHAZY WEATHER1100000218136
1777-10-23T06:002.4585.682266.7FALGSTAFF POINTN36W150S29E206.001SWBW, SWFIRST PART FRESH BREEZE WITH SOME SQUALLS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART SOME RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY0100000218137
1777-10-24T06:001.6086.00271FALGSTAFF POINTN34W168S20E54.001SWBW, NW, WNW, WFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZESFIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY0000000218138
1777-10-25T06:000.8586.15192FALGSTAFF POINTN32 1/2W182S11E46.001NWBN, W, WNW, SWBW, WSW, SW, SBWFIRST AND MIDDLE PART LIGHT BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR0100000218139
1777-10-26T06:00-0.4086.46192FALGSTAFF POINTN30W207S14E77.001WNW, WBS, SWBW, WSW, SW, SBWFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATER SQUALLYLATTER RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY0100000218140
1777-10-27T06:00-1.4786.582949.3FALGSTAFF POINTN28W227SBE64.001WSW, SWBS, SW, WBS, W, WNWFRESH BREEZES WITH FREQUENT SQUALLSFREQUENT RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218141
1777-10-28T06:00-1.9586.682711.0FALGSTAFF POINTN27 1/2W236S12E30.001VARIABLE, WBS, WFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES WITH SOME SQUALLS, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRSFIRST PART HARD RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY0100000218142
1777-10-29T06:00-2.4387.113501.0FALGSTAFF POINTN28W249S42E39.001S W, SBE, NBWLIGHT AIRS WITH SOME SQUALLSSOME RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218143
1777-10-30T06:00-2.1887.012261.0FALGSTAFF POINTN28W243S54E25.001SE, S, S WLIGHT AIRS WITH FREQUENT SQUALLSFREQUENT RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218144
1777-10-31T06:00-2.3386.811369.3FALGSTAFF POINTN27 1/2W243S53E15.001S W, VARIABLE, SEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS, LATTER FRESH BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY0100000218145
1777-11-01T06:00-2.9385.781356.7FLAGSTAFF POINTN22W247S60W71.000SEMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218146
1777-11-02T06:00-2.9585.681802.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN22W247S80W6.000SE, SLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218147
1777-11-03T06:00-3.0785.803622.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN21 1/2W249S13E7.000S-SEBS, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218148
1777-11-04T06:00-3.4885.91901.0FLAGSTAFF POINTN21W258S15E26.000SE, VARIABLE, ELIGHT AIRSSOME RAINCLOUDY0100000218149
1777-11-05T06:00-3.6586.482252.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN23W266S74E36.000SE, S, SWLIGHT BREEZESA GREAT SWELL FROM THE WESTWARDHAZY WEATHER0000000218150
1777-11-06T06:00-4.0086.981802.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN24W288S55E37.000SW, SLIGHT BREEZES WITH SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218151
1777-11-07T06:00-4.7086.982592.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN24W288S42.000WBSLIGHT BREEZESFAIR WEATHER0000000218152
1777-11-08T06:00-5.2086.98452.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN23W298S30.000WBS, WBN, N, NELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218153
1777-11-09T06:00-5.6087.031911.0FLAGSTAFF POINTN22W305S8E24.000NBE, NBW, VARIABLE, EBN, S, SBWLIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS AND SOME SQUALLS TOWARDS THE LATTER PARTRAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218154
1777-11-10T06:00-6.1286.851359.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN21W314S20W33.000SW, S, SEFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESA SWELL FROM THE SEFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR0000000218155
1777-11-11T06:00-7.3586.101359.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN17W332S33W86.000SEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218156
1777-11-12T06:00-8.7585.151346.7FLAGSTAFF POINTN13W354S34W101.00-1SEMODERATE BREEZESA SWELL FROM THE SECLOUDY WEATHER0000000218157
1777-11-13T06:00-9.9084.1313415.4FLAGSTAFF POINTN9W373S41W93.00-1SEBS, SEFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE GALESFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR0000000218158
1777-11-14T06:00-11.1883.05362FLAGSTAFF POINTN5W396S40W101.00-1S, SE, VARIABLEFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER SOME SQUALLSFIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR WEATHER0000000218159
1777-11-15T07:00-13.0781.281216.7FLAGSTAFF POINTN432S43W155.00-3SE, ESE, SEBEFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART CLOUDY WAEATHER0000000218160
1777-11-16T07:00-14.7379.56879.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN4E466S45W141.00-3SE, EFRESH BREEZES WITH SOME SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218161
1777-11-17T07:00-16.4777.781329.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN8E505S45W147.00-3SEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218162
1777-11-18T07:00-18.4075.751079.3DEIGO RAYSS85W296S45W164.00-6SE, VARIABLE, ESEFRESH BREEZE AND SQUALLYSOME RAIN0100000218163
1777-11-19T07:00-20.1073.931076.1DEIGO RAYSN88W252S45W146.00-6SEBE, ESEFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER A LITTLE MODERATELESS SWELLFIRST PART CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218164
1777-11-20T07:00-21.3071.401059.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN18E627S63W159.00-8SEBE, ESEFRESH BREEZESFAIR WEATHER0000000218165
1777-11-21T07:00-22.4069.261059.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN21E662S61W136.00-8ESEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218166
1777-11-22T07:00-22.4568.21105FLAGSTAFF POINTN22E270S87W58.00-8ESEFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZESFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR0000000218167
1777-11-23T08:00-22.5767.131902.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN24E681S83W61.00-13S, SBWLIGHT BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000218168
1777-11-24T08:00-22.7766.41662.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN25E690S73W41.00-13S, SE, E, EBNLIGHT BREEZESSOME RAINCLEAR WEATHER0100000218169
1777-11-25T08:00-23.2065.311222.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN26E707S67W66.00-13ENE, ESE, SBW, ELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218170
1777-11-26T08:00-23.8063.861002.6FLAGSTAFF POINTN28E730S66W88.00-13SEBSLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218171
1777-11-27T08:00-24.0062.511006.7FLAGSTAFF POINTN29E746S81W75.00-13E, EBN, ENE, EBSFIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLYMIDDLE SOME RAINFIRST AND LATTER CLEAR WEATHER0100000218172
1777-11-28T08:00-24.2560.95971.0FLAGSTAFF POINTN31E766S80W87.00-16E, ESELIGHT AIRSCLEAR WEATHER0000000218173
1777-11-29T08:00-24.5759.28859.3FLAGSTAFF POINTN33E789S78W93.00-16EBN, EBSFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESMIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR WEATHER0000000218174
1777-11-30T08:00-25.0857.203309.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES75W705S75W119.00-19E, ENE, NNE, N, NBWFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218175
1777-12-01T08:00-25.4856.18262.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPES75W684S67W60.00-19NW, VARIABLE, NEFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZESMIDDLE AND LATTER HEAVY RAINFIRST PART FAIR WEATHER0100000218176
1777-12-02T08:00-25.7254.331162.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPES74W651S82W101.00-19N, NE, SSW, SBW, SSE, SELIGHT BREEZESSOME RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218177
1777-12-03T08:00-26.6552.53946.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES75 1/2W614S60W112.00-19SE, SSE, SEBS, ESEMODERATESOME RAINSWELL FROM THE WESTWARDCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218178
1777-12-04T09:00-27.2250.58699.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES76W574S72W111.00-21ESE, EFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218179
1777-12-05T09:00-27.5848.65456.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES78W542S78W106.00-23ENEMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000218180
1777-12-06T09:00-28.0246.85886.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES76W472S75W99.00-25E, EBS, ESEMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000218181
1777-12-07T09:00-28.4744.80546.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES76W472S76W112.00-25ESE, EBNMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218182
1777-12-08T09:00-29.0041.98309.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES75W421S78W152.00-26E, ENE, NEBEFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESFIRST PART FAIR WEATHER0000000218183
1777-12-09T09:00-29.6539.012449.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES75W368S76W160.00-26NEBE, NE, NNE, N, WFRESH BREEZESHAZY WEATHER0000000218184
1777-12-10T09:00-29.5038.212106.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES74W356N78W43.00-26SW, SWBS, SWBWMODERATE BREEZESSOME SHOWERS OF RAINCLOUDY WEATHER1100000218185
1777-12-11T10:00-29.5736.701092.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPES73W330S87W80.00-26SSW, S, SELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218186
1777-12-12T10:00-29.9236.082782.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPES73 1/2W316S62W45.00-26S, SE, VARIABLE, NWBWLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000218187
1777-12-13T10:00-30.2235.752339.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES74W306S54W31.00-26NW, WBSFIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYLATTER SOME RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE PART FAIR WEATHER0100000218188
1777-12-14T10:00-30.0835.231999.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES73W296N79W36.00-26SWFRESH BREEZESFAIR WEATHER0000000218189
1777-12-15T10:00-30.5235.10196.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES74W288S29W30.00-26WSW, WBS, NEMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000218190
1777-12-16T10:00-31.7735.262449.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES79W281S75.00-26NNW, NWBW, WBN, WBS, WFIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE MODERATEFIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY, MIDDLE FAIR0000000218191
1777-12-17T10:00-31.8035.582106.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES79W283S75E9.00-26W, WBS, WSW, SWBWFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MORE MODERATEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218192
1777-12-18T10:00-32.8335.912786.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES84W283S8E63.00-27WSW, W, WBN, NWBWMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000218193
1777-12-19T10:00-32.9536.131996.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES84W283S71W7.00-27W, WBS, WSW, SWFIRST PART FRESH GALES WITH SOME SQUALLS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY WEATHER0100000218194
1777-12-20T10:00-33.2034.418CAPE OF GOOD HOPES85W251S81W96.00-27S, SSE, SEBE, E, ENE, NE, NEBNFIRST PART LIGHT AIRSFIRST PART FAIR WEATHER, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY0000000218195
1777-12-21T10:00-33.4332.9019919.0CAPE OF GOOD HOPES85W224S80W85.00-27NNE, VARIABLE, WBS, W, WSW, SWBW, SWFRESH GALES WITH SOME SQUALLSHEAVY RAINHAZY WEATHER0100000218196
1777-12-22T10:00-33.7730.99199.3POINT NATALN69W56S86W105.00-26SW, SE, ESE, E, NEFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS WITH SOME CALMS, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESFIRST PART FAIR0000000218197
1777-12-23T10:00-34.1030.5024419.0CAPE OF GOOD HOPES88W180S58W38.00-26NNE, NBE, NBW, SWBW, WSW, WBN, WNW, WFRESH GALES WITH STRONG SQUALLSTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINHAZY WEATHER0100100218198
1777-12-24T10:00-33.3830.192101.0CAPE OF GOOD HOPES83W170S28W49.00-26W, WBS, WSW, SWBWFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRSFIRST PART CLOUDY WEATHER0000000218199
1777-12-25T10:00-33.4029.24190.6CAPE OF GOOD HOPES82 1/2 W151S89W55.00-26SWBW, WBS, NELIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMSFAIR WEATHER0000000218200
1777-12-26T10:00-33.7027.12669.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES83W114S81W115.00-24NE, ENE, EFIRST AND MIDDLE PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER SOME SQUALLSLATTER RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR, LATTER HAZY0100000218201
1777-12-27T10:00-34.3526.492016.7CAPE OF GOOD HOPES89W118S45W55.00-24NNE, NWBW, W, WBS, WSW, SWBW, SWMODERATEFAIR WEATHER0000000218202
1777-12-28T10:00-34.4224.531349.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN88W60S88W105.00-24S, ESE, SE, SSEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZESLATTER CLOUDY0000000218203
1777-12-29T11:00-34.6721.691139.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPEN67W14S84W150.00-22SSE, SEBE, SEFRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000218204
1777-12-30T11:00-35.8820.005719.0CAPE OF GOOD HOPE19S51W116.00-22SEBE, ENE, E, ESE, EBNFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLSRAINHAZY WEATHER0100000218205
1777-12-31T11:00-34.9217.332509.3CAPE OF GOOD HOPES26W65.00-20ENE, VARIABLE, WNW, NW, WBS, WSW, WFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES WITH HARD SQUALLSFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS SOME RAIN, LATTER RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY WEATHER0100000218206