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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ROTTERDAM cruise from Rotterdam to Java started at 1849-01-01 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751808, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -12.346882 * Median Longitude: 23.706882 * South-bound Latitude: -40.900000 * West-bound Longitude: -34.020000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.280000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1849-01-01T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-04-05T05:00:00
Event(s):
Rotterdam_18490101_B_REIS_8B_P112-140 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -7.500000 * Longitude End: 101.850000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-04-05T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Rotterdam, Voyage: Rotterdam - Java, 1st Observer: P. Vis (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 Cloud typeCloud type
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1515 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

-

Watch

Glasses
10 
Decl [deg]
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
13 
Wind dir descr
14 
Wind force descr
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Cloud type
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
20 
Rain
21 
Fog
22 
Snow
23 
Thunder
24 
Hail
25 
Sea ice
26 
ID
1849-01-01T13:0047.28-8.851114.61012.6VM8-24329.90ZO8-3V050000000214408
1849-01-02T13:0045.55-11.32894.61015.3-24329.98OZO3W21V050100000214409
1849-01-03T13:0044.00-12.321564.61024.5-24330.25Z3V010000000214410
1849-01-04T13:0043.43-12.101674.6995.7-24329.40ZTW3V040000000214411
1849-01-05T13:0043.52-12.63982.61002.4-26229.60ZOTO2H000000000214412
1849-01-06T13:0042.13-15.12664.61009.2-24329.80O3H000000000214413
1849-01-07T13:0040.28-15.822912.61022.8-24230.20NW2H000000000214414
1849-01-08T13:0038.88-15.322572.61022.8-24230.20WTN2V050000000214415
1849-01-09T13:0037.17-16.032932.61022.1-22230.18NW2V040000000214416
1849-01-10T13:0035.47-16.18462.61026.1-22230.30ONO2V010000000214417
1849-01-11T13:0033.68-17.08796.71026.1-22430.30OTZ4Z01V010000000214418
1849-01-12T13:0030.42-19.62924.61022.8-21330.20OZO3V010000000214419
1849-01-13T13:0026.93-21.00934.61021.1-20330.15OZO3V010000000214420
1849-01-14T13:0023.75-22.00594.61016.0-20330.00OTN3V010000000214421
1849-01-15T14:0020.57-23.90614.61016.0-18330.00OTN30000000214422
1849-01-16T14:0017.65-25.55724.61016.0-18330.00O30000000214423
1849-01-17T14:0014.00-25.80512.61016.0-17230.00ONO20000000214424
1849-01-18T14:0010.67-24.18742.61012.6-16229.90O20000000214425
1849-01-19T14:008.32-22.67401.01012.6-16129.90NOTO10000000214426
1849-01-20T13:006.78-21.78512.61012.6-17229.90ONO20000000214427
1849-01-21T13:005.82-21.073212.61012.6-17229.90NNW20000000214428
1849-01-22T13:004.77-20.003622.61012.6-17229.90ROND20000000214429
1849-01-23T13:004.05-19.921521.01012.6-17129.90ZTO10000000214430
1849-01-24T13:003.35-20.02731.01000.4-17129.54O10000000214431
1849-01-25T13:002.10-20.381294.61009.2-17329.80ZOTZ30000000214432
1849-01-26T13:001.57-20.721414.61009.2-17329.80ZZO30000000214433
1849-01-27T14:00-0.67-23.281434.61012.6-15329.90ZZO30000000214434
1849-01-28T14:00-1.48-26.131314.61011.2-15329.86ZOTZ30000000214435
1849-01-29T14:00-3.05-28.001134.61011.2-11329.86ZOTO30000000214436
1849-01-30T14:00-5.78-30.021244.61011.2-11329.86ZO30000000214437
1849-01-31T14:00-9.15-32.121026.71011.9-11429.88OZO40000000214438
1849-02-01T14:00-12.62-32.621174.61011.6-7329.87ZOTO30000000214439
1849-02-02T14:00-15.52-33.58944.61016.0-7330.00OTZ30000000214440
1849-02-03T14:00-18.02-34.02844.61016.0-6330.00O30000000214441
1849-02-04T14:00-20.23-32.90732.61016.0-6230.00OTN20000000214442
1849-02-05T14:00-21.88-32.88624.61015.3-6329.98ONO30000000214443
1849-02-06T14:00-23.62-31.383076.71011.2-8429.86NW40000000214444
1849-02-07T14:00-25.77-28.7316112.31011.2-8629.86ZTO60000000214445
1849-02-08T14:00-25.53-25.431239.31016.0-12530.00ZO2-50000000214446
1849-02-09T14:00-26.07-24.877812.31016.0-12630.00O60000000214447
1849-02-10T14:00-28.27-25.50699.31016.0-10530.00OTN50000000214448
1849-02-11T14:00-31.07-24.53584.61021.1-10330.15ONO30000000214449
1849-02-12T14:00-33.75-22.57364.61021.1-9330.15NO30000000214450
1849-02-13T13:00-35.85-19.583484.61016.0-12330.00N30000000214451
1849-02-14T13:00-37.50-14.633464.61016.0-14330.00N30000000214452
1849-02-15T13:00-38.02-9.583434.61019.0-17330.09N30000000214453
1849-02-16T12:00-38.17-4.703404.61022.1-20330.18N30000000214454
1849-02-17T12:00-38.70-0.333374.61016.0-23330.00N30000000214455
1849-02-18T12:00-39.134.702454.61007.9-25329.76W30000000214456
1849-02-19T11:00-38.829.252212.61007.9-27229.76WZW20000000214457
1849-02-20T11:00-38.4311.783116.71011.2-27429.86NNW40000000214458
1849-02-21T11:00-39.3816.132862.61003.8-29229.64NW20000000214459
1849-02-22T11:00-39.4819.772854.61010.2-30329.83NW30000000214460
1849-02-23T10:00-38.9224.982844.61010.2-31329.83NW30000000214461
1849-02-24T10:00-39.0029.402622.61011.2-31229.86WNW20000000214462
1849-02-25T10:00-38.7034.171944.61009.2-31329.80ZW30000000214463
1849-02-26T10:00-38.3237.3517226.81005.8-311029.70ZZW100000000214464
1849-02-27T09:00-37.2838.6316419.0999.1-27829.50ZTW80000000214465
1849-02-28T09:00-37.0741.271989.31009.2-27529.80ZW50000000214466
1849-03-01T09:00-37.5744.231969.31012.6-29529.90ZW50000000214467
1849-03-02T09:00-38.0747.182524.61009.2-29329.80WTN30000000214468
1849-03-03T09:00-38.5052.201972.6997.0-28229.44ZW20000000214469
1849-03-04T08:00-38.4556.02184.61015.6-27329.99ONO, NO30000000214470
1849-03-05T08:00-38.8257.3574.61025.5-27330.28NOTN30000000214471
1849-03-06T08:00-39.5860.183346.71025.5-26430.28N40000000214472
1849-03-07T08:00-40.9064.253139.3993.0-25529.32NNW50000000214473
1849-03-08T07:00-40.0868.581116.71012.6-24429.90ZO40000000214474
1849-03-09T07:00-39.2573.521234.61012.6-23329.90ZOTZ30000000214475
1849-03-10T07:00-37.3577.921292.61016.0-17230.00ZOTZ20000000214476
1849-03-11T07:00-35.4780.621412.61022.1-17230.18ZZO20000000214477
1849-03-12T07:00-35.2582.28731.01022.1-17130.18O10000000214478
1849-03-13T06:00-36.6884.702324.6999.1-16329.50WZW30000000214479
1849-03-14T06:00-36.3287.131309.31007.2-16529.74ZOTZ2-50000000214480
1849-03-15T06:00-35.4290.651434.61012.6-15329.90ZZO30000000214481
1849-03-16T06:00-33.9394.03776.71013.3-13429.92O40000000214482
1849-03-17T06:00-30.9796.08914.61016.0-10330.00OTZ30000000214483
1849-03-18T06:00-28.2596.27910.01012.6-10029.90OTZ00000000214484
1849-03-19T06:00-27.2096.902632.61010.6-7229.84W20000000214485
1849-03-20T05:00-25.8297.921744.61010.6-6329.84Z30000000214486
1849-03-21T05:00-23.6099.821404.61010.6-6329.84ZOTZ30000000214487
1849-03-22T05:00-20.75101.481094.61011.2-4329.86OZO30000000214488
1849-03-23T05:00-17.47103.381124.61011.2-1329.86OZO30000000214489
1849-03-24T05:00-14.78103.181122.61010.6-1229.84OZO20000000214490
1849-03-25T05:00-12.35102.801132.61010.60229.84OZO20000000214491
1849-03-26T05:00-10.13103.0513519.01010.60829.84ZO80000000214492
1849-03-27T05:00-8.10103.171134.61011.20329.86OZO30000000214493
1849-03-28T05:00-6.38103.451252.61009.21229.80ZOTO20000000214494
1849-03-29T05:00-5.75103.581141.01009.21129.80OZO10000000214495
1849-03-30T05:00-5.97103.871022.61005.81229.70OTZ20000000214496
1849-03-31T05:00-6.68104.02912.61005.81229.70O20000000214497
1849-04-01T05:00-6.98104.021471.01008.51129.78ZOTZ10000000214498
1849-04-02T05:00-6.23105.382496.71008.51429.78WZW40000000214499
1849-04-03T00:002254.61008.5329.78ZW30000000214500
1849-04-05T05:00-6.10106.86110000000214501