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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ROTTERDAM cruise from Batavia to Rotterdam started at 1848-04-25 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751807, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -8.335873 * Median Longitude: 16.177619 * South-bound Latitude: -38.400000 * West-bound Longitude: -39.420000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.350000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.330000
Date/Time Start: 1848-04-25T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-08-31T12:00:00
Event(s):
Rotterdam_18480425_B_REIS_8B_P112-140 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.900000 * Longitude End: 3.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-04-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-08-31T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Rotterdam, Voyage: Batavia - Rotterdam, 1st Observer: P. Vis (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15 Current speed descriptionV descr
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
20 Cloud typeCloud type
21 Cloud direction descriptionCloud dir descr
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 CommentComment
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2491 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

-

Watch

Glasses
10 
Decl [deg]
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
13 
Wind dir descr
14 
Cur dir descr
15 
V descr
16 
Wind force descr
17 
ww
18 
Precip descr
19 
State sea descr
20 
Cloud type
21 
Cloud dir descr
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
24 
Rain
25 
Fog
26 
Snow
27 
Thunder
28 
Hail
29 
Sea ice
30 
Comment
31 
ID
1848-04-25T05:00-6.50104.301361.01016.0VM81130.00ZO1H000000000214279
1848-04-26T05:00-7.70104.331352.61016.0VM80230.00ZO2H000000000214280
1848-04-27T05:00-8.62103.432704.61016.0VM80330.00W3W21V040100000214281
1848-04-28T05:00-9.32103.172484.61016.0VM80330.00W, WZW3W00W201100000214282
1848-04-29T05:00-10.58103.333382.61012.6VM80229.90NNW2V040000000214283
1848-04-30T05:00-10.95103.021584.61012.6VM80329.90ZZO3V010000000214284
1848-05-01T05:00-11.63102.171134.61012.6VM80329.90OZO3W001000000214285
1848-05-02T05:00-12.3898.751354.61012.6VM80329.90ZO3W001000000214286
1848-05-03T05:00-13.6097.751334.61009.9VM8-2329.82ZO3W210100000214287
1848-05-04T06:00-14.7395.5513315.41009.9VM8-2729.82ZO7W00W211100000214288
1848-05-05T06:00-15.4592.531332.61009.2VM8-2229.80ZO2W00W211100000214289
1848-05-06T06:00-16.5088.921322.61012.6VM8-3229.90ZO2V050000000214290
1848-05-07T06:00-17.4285.4213215.41012.6VM8-3729.90ZO7W00W211100000214291
1848-05-08T07:00-18.7281.801071.01014.0VM8-6129.94OZO1W00W201100000214292
1848-05-09T07:00-20.1378.62394.61012.6VM8-6329.90NO3V030000000214293
1848-05-10T07:00-22.2075.70722.61012.6VM8-7229.90OTN2V040000000a trivial correction was made in this observation214294
1848-05-11T07:00-23.0372.63691.01012.6VM8-10129.90OTN1V050000000214295
1848-05-12T07:00-23.3272.57802.61012.6VM8-10229.90O2W21V040100000214296
1848-05-13T07:00-23.9870.40124.61012.6VM8-11329.90NNO3W00W21NO1100000214297
1848-05-14T08:00-24.5067.401232.61012.6VM8-12229.90ZO2W220100000214298
1848-05-15T08:00-24.9764.67782.61012.6VM8-12229.90O2W21V040100000214299
1848-05-16T08:00-26.4263.33564.61012.6VM8-12329.90ONO3H000000000214300
1848-05-17T08:00-26.4261.603024.61012.6VM8-13329.90NW3W00W211100000214301
1848-05-18T08:00-27.1359.772804.61014.3VM8-13329.95WNW3V010000000214302
1848-05-19T08:00-25.8360.131904.61012.6VM8-13329.90ZZW3W00W211100000214303
1848-05-20T08:00-24.0058.451452.61013.6VM8-13229.93ZZO2H000000000214304
1848-05-21T08:00-24.8355.02754.61013.6VM8-15329.93O3V050000000214305
1848-05-22T09:00-26.3252.27734.61015.3VM8-17329.98O3V040000000214306
1848-05-23T09:00-28.0749.17476.71015.3VM8-21429.98ONO4H000000000214307
1848-05-24T09:00-28.9045.421922.61011.2VM8-22229.86ZWTZUIT O2W00W21Z001100000214308
1848-05-25T09:00-29.8343.332711.01007.9VM8-22129.76WNW1V040000000214309
1848-05-26T09:00-28.6542.982032.61017.3VM8-22230.04ZW2V050000000214310
1848-05-27T09:00-27.8541.63552.61017.7VM8-24230.05OTN2V040000000214311
1848-05-28T09:00-28.7538.801564.61017.7VM8-24330.05Z3V040000000214312
1848-05-29T10:00-28.9836.821994.61018.0VM8-26330.06ZW3V010000000214313
1848-05-30T10:00-29.0535.402442.61015.3VM8-26229.98W2V050000000214314
1848-05-31T10:00-30.4032.971774.61013.6VM8-26329.93ZZW3H000000000214315
1848-06-01T10:00-31.1332.171642.61016.0VM8-27230.00ZTW2V040000000214316
1848-06-02T10:00-31.1730.8319819.01016.0VM8-27830.00ZW8V040000000214317
1848-06-03T10:00-33.2831.871964.61018.0VM8-29330.06ZW3W001000000214318
1848-06-04T10:00-33.1531.032751.01018.0VM8-29130.06NWTW1V040000000214319
1848-06-05T10:00-33.0529.003544.61018.0VM8-29330.06NNO3H010000000214320
1848-06-06T10:00-34.4225.403534.61021.4VM8-30330.16NNOZWTW14.53H000000000214321
1848-06-07T10:00-35.0323.7233026.81012.6VM8-301029.90N10W011000000214322
1848-06-08T10:00-35.3822.852404.61003.1VM8-30329.62W3H000000000214323
1848-06-09T10:00-36.3523.7730819.01019.4VM8-30830.10NNW8W01W211100000214324
1848-06-10T11:00-37.6522.3326319.01007.5VM8-30829.75WNW8V040000000214325
1848-06-11T11:00-38.4021.002409.31010.9VM8-30529.85W5W001000000214326
1848-06-12T11:00-36.5520.5026426.81013.3VM8-291029.92WNW10W001000000214327
1848-06-13T11:00-35.7321.172754.61013.3VM8-29329.92NWTW3W00W211100000214328
1848-06-14T11:00-35.5821.2330926.81017.7VM8-291030.05NNWO510W001000000214329
1848-06-15T11:00-36.0220.7024119.01017.7VM8-29830.05W8W00W221100000214330
1848-06-16T11:00-35.2220.6724119.01017.7VM8-29830.05W8V04H000000000214331
1848-06-17T11:00-36.0320.433091.01016.0VM8-29130.00NNW1Z010000000214332
1848-06-18T11:00-35.5320.273312.61016.0VM8-29230.00N2H000000000214333
1848-06-19T11:00-35.5819.6728622.61016.0VM8-29930.00NW9V040000000214334
1848-06-20T11:00-35.3519.3528630.91012.6VM8-291129.90NW11W220100000214335
1848-06-21T11:00-36.4318.422411.01009.2VM8-29129.80W1H000000000214336
1848-06-22T11:00-35.8518.7329712.31009.2VM8-29629.80NWTN6V010000000214337
1848-06-23T11:00-36.3217.233092.61016.0VM8-29230.00NNW2W01W211100000214338
1848-06-24T11:00-36.7716.13844.61016.0VM8-29330.00OZO3V010000000214339
1848-06-25T11:00-35.7515.331294.61021.1VM8-29330.15ZZO3H000000000214340
1848-06-26T11:00-33.4712.922411.01019.4VM8-29130.10W1V050000000214341
1848-06-27T11:00-32.8512.402881.01019.4VM8-27130.10NW1W21V050100000214342
1848-06-28T11:00-32.3011.631084.61019.4VM8-27330.10ZO3V050000000214343
1848-06-29T11:00-31.6710.771982.61021.1VM8-27230.15ZW2H000000000214344
1848-06-30T11:00-31.1710.101082.61022.1VM8-27230.18ZO2H000000000214345
1848-07-01T11:00-30.379.721532.61020.0VM8-27230.12Z2H000000000214346
1848-07-02T11:00-29.328.551981.01020.0VM8-27130.12ZW1V050000000214347
1848-07-03T11:00-28.687.5831112.31020.0VM8-27630.12NNW6V040000000214348
1848-07-04T12:00-28.875.453342.61009.2VM8-26229.80N2W21V040100000214349
1848-07-05T12:00-28.375.802894.61010.6VM8-26329.84NW3W00W211100000214350
1848-07-06T12:00-28.155.721434.61010.6VM8-26329.84ZTO3H000000000214351
1848-07-07T12:00-26.505.671324.61014.6VM8-26329.96ZZOUIT W3W00Z001000000214352
1848-07-08T12:00-23.853.77874.61018.7VM8-26330.08OZO3W20V040100000214353
1848-07-09T12:00-21.351.671114.61019.0VM8-24330.09ZO3H000000000214354
1848-07-10T12:00-19.37-0.671002.61019.0VM8-24230.09ZOTO2H000000000214355
1848-07-11T12:00-18.02-2.531124.61019.4VM8-23330.10ZO3H000000000214356
1848-07-12T12:00-17.02-3.331124.61019.4VM8-23330.10ZO3H000000000214357
1848-07-13T00:001354.61019.41VM8330.10ZO3H000000000214358
1848-07-14T00:001242.61019.41VM8230.10ZOTO2V050000000214359
1848-07-15T00:001354.61019.41VM8330.10ZO3H000000000214360
1848-07-16T12:00-15.17-6.701122.61019.4VM8-23230.10ZO2H000000000214361
1848-07-17T13:00-13.83-8.871144.61019.4VM8-21330.10ZO3V010000000214362
1848-07-18T13:00-12.43-11.351254.61019.4VM8-21330.10ZOTZ3H000000000214363
1848-07-19T13:00-10.05-13.471162.61019.4VM8-19230.10ZO2H000000000214364
1848-07-20T13:00-7.67-14.631612.61019.4VM8-19230.10Z2H000000000214365
1848-07-21T13:00-5.43-15.87714.61019.4VM8-19330.10O3V040000000214366
1848-07-22T13:00-3.45-17.231162.61019.4VM8-19230.10ZO2H000000000214367
1848-07-23T13:00-1.68-18.781184.61020.7VM8-17330.14ZOW6.53H000000000214368
1848-07-24T13:000.58-20.55964.61019.4VM8-17330.10OZO3H000000000214369
1848-07-25T13:003.00-21.301634.61017.7VM8-17330.05Z3H000000000214370
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1848-07-27T13:008.27-21.252526.71016.0VM8-18430.00W4W001000000214372
1848-07-28T13:0011.50-22.35519.01019.4VM8-18830.10NNO8W21V040100000214373
1848-07-29T14:0012.75-23.702084.61012.9VM8-17329.91ZW3W210100000214374
1848-07-30T14:0013.67-24.351864.61014.0VM8-17329.94ZZW3V050000000214375
1848-07-31T14:0015.07-25.803432.61014.0VM8-17229.94N2W200100000214376
1848-08-01T14:0015.62-26.47284.61016.0VM8-17330.00NO3V050000000214377
1848-08-02T14:0016.62-29.383454.61019.4VM8-15330.10N3H000000000214378
1848-08-03T14:0019.57-31.47526.71019.4VM8-16430.10ONO4W00W211100000214379
1848-08-04T14:0022.30-33.35424.61019.4VM8-14330.10NOTO3V010000000214380
1848-08-05T14:0025.60-35.08524.61018.7VM8-16330.08ONO3H000000000214381
1848-08-06T14:0028.13-35.873412.61021.1VM8-19230.15N2H000000000214382
1848-08-07T14:0029.70-37.473412.61021.1VM8-19230.15N2H000000000214383
1848-08-08T15:0030.00-37.783434.61019.4VM8-17330.10N3H000000000214384
1848-08-09T15:0030.62-37.853430.01022.8VM8-17030.20N0H000000000214385
1848-08-10T15:0031.22-38.651632.61022.8VM8-17230.20ZW-Z2V040000000214386
1848-08-11T15:0031.30-38.721181.01022.8VM8-17130.20ZO1V040000000214387
1848-08-12T15:0031.88-38.483621.01022.8VM8-17130.20VARIABEL1V040000000214388
1848-08-13T15:0032.27-38.353432.61022.8VM8-17230.20N2W210100000214389
1848-08-14T15:0032.53-38.183512.61022.8VM8-20230.20NTO2V040000000214390
1848-08-15T15:0032.75-38.5534.61022.8VM8-20330.20NNO3W00W211100000214391
1848-08-16T15:0033.33-38.73252.61019.4VM8-20230.10NO2H000000000214392
1848-08-17T15:0033.25-39.372952.61019.4VM8-20230.10NW2H000000000214393
1848-08-18T15:0033.18-39.27701.01019.4VM8-20130.10O1H000000000214394
1848-08-19T15:0033.30-39.08484.61022.8VM8-20330.20ONOZOTO41-3V040000000214395
1848-08-20T15:0035.53-39.421606.71022.8VM8-20430.20Z4H000000000214396
1848-08-21T15:0037.90-38.131564.61022.8VM8-24330.20Z3H000000000214397
1848-08-22T14:0039.70-36.331784.61022.8VM8-25330.20ZZW3H000000000214398
1848-08-23T14:0041.17-34.332004.61022.8VM8-25330.20ZW3H000000000214399
1848-08-24T14:0042.42-31.252002.61022.8VM8-25230.20ZW2V040000000214400
1848-08-25T14:0043.80-27.623094.61021.4VM8-29330.16NNW3W00W211100000214401
1848-08-26T14:0045.70-23.122202.61014.6VM8-28229.96WZW2H000000000214402
1848-08-27T13:0046.68-20.502324.61005.8VM8-27329.70WTZ3W21V040100000214403
1848-08-28T13:0047.33-14.632444.61010.6VM8-26329.84W3H000000000214404
1848-08-29T13:0047.90-13.233094.61012.6VM8-29329.90NNW3H000000000214405
1848-08-30T13:0048.83-9.753564.61016.0VM8-27330.00NNO3V010000000214406
1848-08-31T12:0049.35-5.832904.61018.7VM8-25330.08NW3H000000000214407