Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -23.222319 * Median Longitude: 59.946812 * South-bound Latitude: -36.680000 * West-bound Longitude: 17.250000 * North-bound Latitude: -4.050000 * East-bound Longitude: 102.010000

Date/Time Start: 1786-03-24T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1786-05-31T11:00:00

Event(s):

Raymond_17860324_BL_L/MAR/B/453B * Latitude Start: -4.050000 * Longitude Start: 102.010000 * Latitude End: -33.670000 * Longitude End: 17.900000 * Date/Time Start: 1786-03-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1786-05-31T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Raymond, Voyage: Bencoolen - Cape Of Good Hope, 1st Observer: Smedley (Captain), 2nd Observer: Ebenezer Roebuck (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 793BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Comment	Comment		Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc.
13	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Clearness	Clearness
20	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
21	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
22	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
23	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
24	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
26	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27	Comment	Comment
28	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1116 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...)	13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 ww (Weather description)	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Clearness	21 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	27 Comment	28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1786-03-24T05:00	-4.05	102.01	180		SUGAR LOAF	EBN1/2N	19		W77S	45.00		0	S	FIRST AND MID LIGHT WINDS, LATTER SQUALLY		RAIN		FAIR	1	0		208214
1786-03-25T05:00	-4.55	101.67	169	1.0					W40S	47.00		0	ESE, SEBS, SBE	LIGHT AIRS			SWELL FORM S	HAZY	0	0		208215
1786-03-26T05:00	-4.88	101.07	135	2.6					W40S	46.00		0	SSE, SBE, SEBS, SE	LIGHT BREEZES			HEAVY SWELL FROM S		0	0		208216
1786-03-27T05:00	-5.33	100.78	169						W45S	24.00		0	WBS, SBE	SQUALLY		GREAT DEAL OF RAIN			1	0		208217
1786-03-28T05:00	-5.57	100.30	158						W48S	39.00		0	SSE	SQUALLY		RAIN		LATTER FAIR	1	0		208218
1786-03-29T05:00	-5.73	100.13	315	0.0					S45S	15.00		0	NNW, NW	FIRST LIGHT AIRS, MID AND LATTER CALM			SWELL FROM S	CLOUDY	0	0		208219
1786-03-30T05:00	-5.95	100.05	362						S33W	9.00		0	VARIABLE	LIGHT AIRS, VARIABLE MIXED WITH CALMS				CLOUDY	0	0		208220
1786-03-31T05:00	-6.10	99.93	362	1.0					S24W	18.00		0	NE, ESE, ENE, VARIABLE	FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS, MID CALM			SWELL FROM SE	FAIR	0	0		208221
1786-04-01T05:00	-6.97	99.40	113						S33W	61.00		0	ENE, ESE	VARIABLE	VARIABLE				0	0		208222
1786-04-02T05:00	-7.75	98.60	67	6.7					S45W	67.00		-1	SE, ENE	LIGHT TRADE			SWELL FORM S	FAIR	0	0		208223
1786-04-03T05:00	-8.65	97.53	112	6.7					S61W	79.00		-1	SE, ESE	LIGHT TRADE			SWELL FORM S	FAIR	0	0		208224
1786-04-04T06:00	-9.00	96.50	134	6.7					S56W	66.00		-1	SEBS, SSE, SE	LIGHT TRADE			SWELL FORM S	FAIR	0	0		208225
1786-04-05T06:00	-9.37	95.17	123	6.7					W23S	86.00		-1	SEBE	LIGHT TRADE				FAIR	0	0		208226
1786-04-06T06:00	-10.07	93.80	145	6.7					W22S	88.00		-1	SSE, SE, SEBS	LIGHT TRADE			SMOOTH WATER	FAIR	0	0		208227
1786-04-07T06:00	-10.58	92.25	123	6.7					W19S	96.00		-1	SSE, SEBE	LIGHT TRADE			SMOOTH WATER	FAIR	0	0		208228
1786-04-08T06:00	-10.95	90.65	157	6.7						97.00		-1	SE, SSE	LIGHT TRADE			SMOOTH WATER	FAIR	0	0		208229
1786-04-09T06:00	-11.68	88.50	134	12.3					W20S	134.00		-1	SE	FRESH TRADE AND SQUALLY					0	0		208230
1786-04-10T06:00	-12.57	86.42	133						W22S	131.00		-2	SEBE, SE	SQUALLY				CLOUDY THEN FAIR	0	0		208231
1786-04-11T06:00	-13.45	84.68	111						W29S	115.00		-2	EBN, ESE	UNSETTLED			HEAVY SWELL FROM SE		0	0		208232
1786-04-12T06:00	-14.80	82.53	133	12.3					W33S	149.00		-2	VARIABLE, SE	FRESH TRADE		RAIN	CONFUSED SEA FROM SE	CLOUDY	1	0		208233
1786-04-13T07:00	-15.67	80.25	76	12.3					W22S	140.00		-3	EBN	FRESH TRADE AND SQUALLY			HEAVY SWELL FROM SE		0	0		208234
1786-04-14T07:00	-16.80	77.72	132						W24S	163.00		-3	SE	SQUALLY					0	0		208235
1786-04-15T07:00	-17.92	74.90	129	19.0					W23S	175.00		-6	E, SE	FRESH GALE				CLOUDY	0	0		208236
1786-04-16T07:00	-18.65	72.32	93	12.3					W21S	157.00		-8	EBS	FRESH TRADE			SWELL FROM SE	FAIR	0	0		208237
1786-04-17T07:00	-19.38	70.47	105	6.7					W18S	110.00		-8	ESE	MODERATE BREEZES				FAIR	0	0		208238
1786-04-18T07:00	-20.02	68.77	105						W21S	103.00		-8	ESE	LIGHT AND VARIABLE			SWELL FROM ESE	CLOUDY	0	0		208239
1786-04-19T08:00	-20.30	67.03	69	2.6					W12S	90.00		-10	E, EBN	LIGHT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0		208240
1786-04-20T08:00	-20.58	66.33	58	1.0					W19S	52.00		-10	ENE	LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE	SIRENE			FINE AND PLEASANT	0	0		208241
1786-04-21T08:00	-21.03	65.60	58	1.0					W23S	50.00		-10	ENE	LIGHT AIRS	VARIABLE				0	0		208242
1786-04-22T08:00	-21.98	63.58	362	19.0					W28S	124.00		-10	SE, VARIABLE	FRESH GALE	THREATENING			FIRST AND MID DARK CLOUDY, LATTER CLOUDY, HAZY	0	0		208243
1786-04-23T08:00	-22.97	60.58	97	19.0					W20S	17.00		-16	ESE	FRESH GALE					0	0		208244
1786-04-24T08:00	-24.25	58.28	97						W31S	148.00		-16	E, EBN, ESE	FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER UNSETTLED		SMALL RAIN		FAIR	1	0		208245
1786-04-25T08:00	-25.08	56.35	27						W26S	117.00		-18	NWBN, NE	SQUALLY AND UNSETTLED					0	0		208246
1786-04-26T08:00	-26.35	57.12	263	12.3					S30E	82.00		-18	VARIABLE, WBN, WSW, WBN	STRONG BREEZE AND SQUALLY			HEAVY SWELL		0	0		208247
1786-04-27T08:00	-26.17	55.65	218						W8N	86.00		-18	SSW, VARIABLE, SWBW	MID AND LATTER SQUALLY AND UNSETTLED				FIRST FAIR	0	0		208248
1786-04-28T08:00	-26.65	54.15	362	2.6					W25S	86.00		-18	SBE, SE, ESE, VARIABLE	LIGHT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0		208249
1786-04-29T08:00	-27.45	53.40	38	1.0					W43S	54.00		-18	VARIABLE, NEBE	LIGHT AIRS AND CALM			SMOOTH WATER		0	0		208250
1786-04-30T09:00	-27.62	51.33	10	9.3					W15S	114.00		-24	NNE, NEBN	FINE BREEZES				PLEASANT	0	0		208251
1786-05-01T09:00	-27.98	50.23	21	2.6					W21S	62.00		-24	VARIABLE, NE	LIGHT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0		208252
1786-05-02T09:00	-28.60	47.78	66	19.0					W16S	135.00		-24	E	FIRST LIGHT WINDS, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES			SMOOTH WATER		0	0		208253
1786-05-03T09:00	-29.78	46.33	65						W46S	65.00		-25	WNW, SSW, E	UNSETTLED AND SQUALLY		RAIN			1	0		208254
1786-05-04T09:00	-29.82	46.45	200	0.0					W19S	13.00		-25	WSW, SW	FIRST LIGHT ARIS, MID AND LATTER CALM			HEAVY SWELL FROM SW		0	0		208255
1786-05-05T09:00	-30.47	45.45	223	2.6					W30S	60.00		-25	NNE, NBE, WSW	FIRST CALM, MID AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0		208256
1786-05-06T09:00	-31.45	45.15	335	22.6					S14W	61.00		-25	WBN, N	FIRST FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER STRONG GALES		HEAVY RAIN		FAIR	1	1		208257
1786-05-07T09:00	-31.75	45.65	245	19.0					S31E	31.00		-25	SBW, VARIABLE, W	FRESH GALES			HEAVY SEA FROM WSW	CLOUDY	0	0		208258
1786-05-08T09:00	-32.03	45.88	290	19.0					S31E	24.00		-25	NW	FRESH GALES			HEAVY SWELL FROM WSW		0	0		208259
1786-05-09T09:00	-32.13	45.60	290	2.6					W26S	14.00		-25	W, WBS, NW	LIGHT BREEZES			HEAVY SWELL FROM WSW	FAIR	0	0		208260
1786-05-10T09:00	-32.60	43.98	164	2.6					W17S	86.00		-27	SE, E, SBW	LIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLE			HEAVY SWELL FROM SW	CLOUDY	0	0		208261
1786-05-11T09:00	-33.57	41.55	40	9.3					W26S	135.00		-28	NEBE, NE, NNW, NWBN, NW, ENE	FRESH BREEZES AND VARIABLE	UNSETTLED		SMOOTH WATER		0	0		208262
1786-05-12T09:00	-34.05	41.15	276						S38W	36.00		-28	VARIABLE, NNW, NWBW	HARD SQUALLS			HEAVY SEA		0	0		208263
1786-05-13T09:00	-33.77	40.95	253	6.7					N33W	22.00		-28	W, WBN	HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATE			HEAVY SWELL		0	0		208264
1786-05-14T09:00	-32.68	40.15	220	9.3					N33W	71.00		-28	VARIABLE, WSW	FIRST SQUALLY MID AND LATTER STEADY BREEZES		RAIN		CLOUDY	1	0		208265
1786-05-15T09:00	-32.17	39.15	210	6.7					N32W	60.00		-26	SWBS, SSW, VARIABLE, SWBW	MODERATE			SEA MUCH FALLEN	MODERATE	0	0		208266
1786-05-16T10:00	-33.05	36.55	355	9.3					W22S	141.00		-28	NNE	FRESH BREEZES			REMARKABLE SMOTH WATER	HAZY	0	0		208267
1786-05-17T10:00	-33.58	33.77	355	9.3					W20S	147.00		-28	NNE	FRESH BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER		0	0		208268
1786-05-18T10:00	-34.70	31.60	299	2.6					W22S	104.00		-27	NW, NNE, NEBN, NBW, NWBN	LIGHT BREEZES				HAZY	0	0		208269
1786-05-19T10:00	-35.03	30.36	362						W29S	56.00		-27	WBN, W, WSW, VARIABLE	FIRST LIGHT AIRS, MID AND LATTER VARIABLE WITH HARD SQUALLS		RAIN	SWELL FROM SW	FAIR	1	0		208270
1786-05-20T10:00	-35.37	29.51	209	1.0					W32S	50.00		-27	SWBW	LIGHT AIRS AND CALM			HEAVY SWELL FROM SW		0	0		208271
1786-05-21T10:00	-35.58	27.54	41	2.6					W16N	90.00		-27	VARIABLE, ENE	FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES, MID FRESH BREEZES				FAIR	0	0		208272
1786-05-22T10:00	-35.25	25.97	362						W24N	69.00		-25	NEBE, VARIABLE	VARIABLE	VARIABLE		SMOOTH WATER		0	0		208273
1786-05-23T10:00	-36.18	24.62	358	19.0					W46S	78.00		-25	VARIABLE, WNW, NWBW, NBE, NNE	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY					0	0		208274
1786-05-24T10:00	-36.68	22.97	362						W24S	75.00		-25	WNW, NBE, VARIABLE	VERY HARD SQUALLS			CONFUSED SWELL		0	0		208275
1786-05-25T11:00	-36.15	22.41	336	6.7					N25W	36.00		-24	NNW, SSW, N	FIRST AND MID INCREASING TO VERY HEAVY GALE OF WIND, LATTER MORE MODERATE			PRODIGIOUS SEA		0	0		208276
1786-05-26T11:00	-35.48	22.15	235	6.7					N5W	21.00	HEAD WASHED AWAY	-24	VARIABLE, NWBW, WNW, WBS	MODERATE BREEZES WITH SQUALLS					0	0		208277
1786-05-27T11:00	-36.50	20.96	325						S48W	62.00		-24	NNW, NBW	UNSETTLED	UNSETTLED	GREAT DEAL OF RAIN			1	0		208278
1786-05-28T11:00	-35.08	20.82	269						NBE	38.00		-24	WBN, WNW	VARIABLE			SWELL FROM W	CLOUDY AND HAZY	0	0		208279
1786-05-29T11:00	-35.75	19.90	269	6.7					W16N	36.00		-24	WNW	FIRST AND MID HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATE		RAIN			1	0		208280
1786-05-30T11:00	-34.37	18.70	201	19.0				1	W46N	116.00		-24	SWBS, S, VARIABLE, SW	FRESH GALES			HEAVY SWELL FROM S	CLOUDY	0	0		208281
1786-05-31T11:00	-33.87	17.25	204	12.3					N37W	125.00		-21	SBE, VARIABLE, SW	STRONG BREEZES				PLEASANT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	208282