Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -15.341216 * Median Longitude: 33.623378 * South-bound Latitude: -37.230000 * West-bound Longitude: -8.920000 * North-bound Latitude: 18.830000 * East-bound Longitude: 72.550000

Date/Time Start: 1783-07-11T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1783-09-23T07:00:00

Event(s):

Raymond_17830711_BL_L/MAR/B/453A * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 18.500000 * Longitude End: 72.820000 * Date/Time Start: 1783-07-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1783-09-23T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Raymond, Voyage: St. Helena - Bombay, 1st Observer: R Pennell (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 793BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
10	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14	Current speed description	V descr
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Clearness	Clearness
20	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
21	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
22	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
23	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
24	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
26	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27	Comment	Comment
28	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1247 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	14 V descr	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 ww (Weather description)	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Clearness	20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	21 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	25 Hail (1 If hail was reported)	27 Comment	28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1783-07-11T12:00	-17.27	-6.55	87					S36W	81.00	-14	EBS, SSE, VARIABLE, SE, EBS			SQUALLY				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208030
1783-07-12T12:00	-18.73	-6.85	121	12.3				S11W	89.00	-14	ESE, VARIABLE, SE			FRESH TRADE				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208031
1783-07-13T12:00	-20.43	-7.08	99					S9W	80.00	-14	SE, VARIABLE, EBS, ESE			MODERATE BREEZES, THEN SOME LIGHT SQUALLS		SHOWERS OF RAIN		FAIR	1	1	0	0		208032
1783-07-14T00:00			124						92.00		SEBS, SE, VARIABLE, ESE, SEBE			FIRST AND MID MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT SQUALLS				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208033
1783-07-15T13:00	-23.57	-8.57	125	2.6				S19W	96.00	-10	SEBS, VARIABLE, ESE, EBS, SE			FIRST AND MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT WINDS				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208034
1783-07-16T13:00	-24.25	-8.50	91	1.0				S18W	42.00	-10	SE, EBS			LIGHT BREEZES INCLINABLE TO CALM				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208035
1783-07-17T13:00	-24.72	-8.63	362	1.0				S19W	23.00	-10	VARIABLE			LIGHT AIRS AND CALM				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208036
1783-07-18T13:00	-24.93	-8.87	170	1.0				SW	18.00	-10	SSE, SE, S			FAINT BREEZES AND VARIABLE INCLINABLE TO CALM			W SWELL		0	0	0	0		208037
1783-07-19T13:00	-25.17	-8.92	362	1.0				SBW	12.00	-10	ESE, SE, VARIABLE, ESE, VARIABLE			LIGHT AIRS AND CALM				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208038
1783-07-20T13:00	-26.22	-8.92	103	7.3				S	62.00	-10	SE, ESE, EBS, SW, ESE			FIRST AND MID LIGHT WINDS, LATTER INCREASING BREEZES	FLYING SHOWERS				0	0	0	0		208039
1783-07-21T13:00	-27.50	-7.52	59	9.3				S43E	99.00	-9	NE, ENE			FIRST AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES, MID SQUALLY		DRIZZLING RAIN		FAIR	0	1	0	0		208040
1783-07-22T12:00	-29.43	-5.38	34	9.3				SE	160.00	-11	NNE, N, NE			FRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLS IN MID		RAIN		CLOUDY THEN FAIR	0	1	0	0		208041
1783-07-23T12:00	-29.93	-4.33	203					S59E	64.00	-11	SSW, NNW, SWBS			FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER VARIABLE			LARGE SWELL FROM W	FAIR	0	0	0	0		208042
1783-07-24T12:00	-31.12	-2.00	301	9.3				S58E	144.00	-14	NW, W, NW			FRESH BREEZES, SQUALLS IN MID		RAIN		FAIR	0	1	0	0		208043
1783-07-25T12:00	-31.90	-0.72	256	2.6				S51E	84.00	-14	VARIABLE, SW, W			FRESH BREEZES INCREASING TO LIGHT WINDS			LARGE SWELL FROM SW	FAIR	0	0	0	0		208044
1783-07-26T12:00	-32.75	0.58	291	16.3				S52E	84.00	-13	VARIABLE, NW, NWBW			FIRST LIGHT WINDS, MID AND LATTER INCREASING GALES		DRIZZLING RAIN THEN SHOWERY			1	1	0	0		208045
1783-07-27T12:00	-34.43	2.75	299	19.0				SE1/2E	156.00	-16	SWBW, WNW, NW			FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY			LARGE SWELL		0	0	0	0		208046
1783-07-28T12:00	-34.93	5.05	288	6.7				EBS1/2S	119.00	-16	NWBW			FIRST STRONG GALES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE				HAZY THEN CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208047
1783-07-29T11:00	-35.67	8.18	342	22.6				EBS1/2S	161.00	-18	N			STRONG GALES WITH SQUALLS			VERY HIGH FOLLOWING SEA	CLOUDY	0	0	1	0		208048
1783-07-30T11:00	-35.80	9.90	252					E3/4S	85.00	-18	SW, W			FIRST STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FREQUENT SQUALLS		HAIL AND RAIN	LARGE SWELL FROM SSE		0	1	0	1		208049
1783-07-31T11:00	-36.02	11.92	207	2.9				EBS1/4S	68.00	-18	VARIABLE, SW			FIRST SQUALLY, MID LIGHT BREEZES INCREASING		RAIN	SWELL MUCH FALLEN	FAIR	0	1	0	0		208050
1783-08-01T11:00	-36.63	13.27	294	2.6				S78E	100.00	-21	WBN, NW			LIGHT BREEZES			LARGE SWELL TO W	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208051
1783-08-02T11:00	-37.23	15.02	362	6.7				S66E	92.00	-21	ENE, NEBN, NEBE, VARIABLE			MODERATE BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208052
1783-08-03T11:00	-36.98	20.25	22	6.7	CAPE BONA	N	7	S29E	178.00	-23	N, NWBW, NE			PLEASANT BREEZES		DRIZZLING RAIN	E SWELL	FIRST FAIR, MID CLOUDY, LATTER DARK AND CLOUDY	0	1	0	0		208053
1783-08-04T10:00	-36.95	22.82	313	6.7				N73E	126.00	-25	NWBN, WBN, NNW			FIRST AND MID SQUALLY, LATTER PLEASANT BREEZES		HARD RAIN	FOLLOWING SWELL		0	1	0	0		208054
1783-08-05T10:00	-36.40	25.62	256	6.7				EBN1/2N	138.00	-25	WNW, NBW, WBN			FIRST FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER MODERATE			LARGE SWELL FROM W	CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208055
1783-08-06T10:00	-36.40	27.68	323	19.0				E	100.00	-26	NE, VARIABLE, NEBN, NBW			FIRST LIGHT BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208056
1783-08-07T10:00	-36.45	29.53	30	6.7				E1/4S	90.00	-26	VARIABLE, NEBE			FIRST FRESH GALES, MD STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE			HIGH SEA	HAZY	0	0	0	0		208057
1783-08-08T10:00	-36.13	31.35	267	22.6				N80E	136.00	-26	NWBW, WNW			STRONG GALES			CONFUSED SEA	FAIR	0	0	0	0		208058
1783-08-09T10:00	-36.08	34.48	243	2.6				S80E	105.00	-27	WBS, W			FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES			HIGH SWELL FROM W	FIRS CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER FAIR	0	0	0	0		208059
1783-08-10T10:00	-35.90	35.10	254	9.3				N81E	80.00	-27	WBS, VARIABLE, NNE, NEBN, NE, WBN			FIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SOME SQUALLS				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208060
1783-08-11T10:00	-34.33	37.30	288	19.0				NE1/2E	140.00	-27	NW			FRESH GALES SOME SQUALLS				FIRST CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR	0	0	0	0		208061
1783-08-12T09:00	-32.38	40.43	233	19.0				NE	155.00	-26	WSW, SW, WBS			FRESH GALES SOME SQUALLS		RAIN			0	1	0	0		208062
1783-08-13T09:00	-30.17	41.26	188	6.7				N26E	127.00	-26	SBW, SE, VARIABLE, SWBS			FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE			LARGE S SWELL	FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208063
1783-08-14T09:00	-28.57	40.80	362	2.6				N74W	85.00	-26	EBS, E, EBN, VARIABLE			LIGHT BREEZES	CLOSE			CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208064
1783-08-15T09:00	-27.10	39.98	54	2.6				N24W	96.00	-25	E, VARIABLE, ENE, NEBN, EBN			FIRST MODERATE, MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT WINDS				CLOUDY THEN FAIR	0	0	0	0		208065
1783-08-16T09:00	-26.35	40.18	362	2.6				N13E	65.00	-25	NNW, VARIABLE, WNW, VARIABLE			LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	FAIR	0	0	0	0		208066
1783-08-17T09:00	-25.42	40.05	268	19.0				N3W	61.00	-25	SBW, SBE, SE, SWBW, WNW			FRESH GALES SOME SQUALLS		RAIN		CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR	0	1	0	0		208067
1783-08-18T09:00	-23.21	42.47	99	2.6	MADAGASCAR	EBS	6			-25	SSE, SE, SEBE			FRSH BREEZES FIRST AND MID, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES			LARGE SWELL FROM S THEN SMOOTH WATER	FAIR	0	0	0	0		208068
1783-08-19T09:00	-21.00	42.08	168					N31W	114.00	-23	SBE, EBN, E, SBW			PLEASANT LAND AND SEA WINDS			SMOOTH WATER		0	0	0	0		208069
1783-08-20T09:00	-19.82	41.94	56					N3W	69.00	-23	NEBE, VARIABLE, ESE, SEBE, EBN			LIGHT LAND AND SEA WINDS			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208070
1783-08-21T09:00	-18.50	42.10	90	2.6				N14E	54.00	-23	SWBS, SSW, ESE	N		FIRST LIGHT WINDS, SOMETIMES CALM, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208071
1783-08-22T09:00	-17.40	42.61	172	6.7				N37E	57.00	-19	SSE, VARIABLE, NE, SBW	NNE	3	FIRST LIGHT WINDS, MID AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY				FAIR THEN CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208072
1783-08-23T09:00	-16.27	42.63	26	2.6				N10W	63.00	-19	NNE, WSW, SW, SBW, S, NE			LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208073
1783-08-24T09:00	-14.97	42.86	150	6.7				N14E	73.00	-19	SBE, W, WSW, SSW, SBE, SEBE, SBE			LIGHT BREEZES AND CALM, LATTER PLEASANT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	CLEAR AND PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208074
1783-08-25T09:00	-13.27	43.47	116	2.6				N24E	99.00	-19	SEBS, SSE, S, SSW, VARIABLE, SE			LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208075
1783-08-26T09:00	-12.70	44.10	94	2.6	JOHANNA	NNE	11	N39E	67.00	-19	NE, SSE, SEBS, ESE			LIGHT BREEZES				PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208076
1783-08-27T09:00	-11.83	44.67	124	2.6	MAYATTA	SEBS1/2E	4			-17	NW, SSE, VARIABLE, SEBS1/2E	IN OUR FAVOUR		LIGHT BREEZES, MID CALM				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208077
1783-08-28T09:00	-10.97	45.22	208	2.6	JOHANNA			N49E	64.00	-17	SWBS, SBW, SW			LIGHT WINDS			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208078
1783-08-29T09:00	-9.65	45.90	186	9.3				N31E	79.00	-17	SEBS, SEBE, SSW			FIRST AND MID LIGHT WINDS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY		SOME RAIN		FAIR	0	1	0	0		208079
1783-08-30T09:00	-8.10	46.97	107	9.3				NE3/4N	106.00	-17	SEBE			FRESH BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208080
1783-08-31T09:00	-6.20	48.33	123	6.7				NE1/2N	128.00	-12	SE1/2E, SE			FIRST SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES		SHOWERS OF RAIN		HAZY	1	1	0	0		208081
1783-09-01T09:00	-5.13	49.65	123	6.7				N52E	100.00	-12	SEBS, SSE, SE			MODERATE BREEZES				FAIR, THEN CLOUDY AND HAZY	0	0	0	0		208082
1783-09-02T09:00	-4.07	51.15	123	6.7				N52E	115.00	-12	SEBS, SE			PLEASANT BREEZES				PLEASANT	0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	208083
1783-09-03T09:00	-3.17	52.33	123	9.3				N55E	86.00	-12	SEBS, SE			LIGHT WINDS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208084
1783-09-04T08:00	-1.85	53.82	137	6.7				N53E	111.00	-9	SSE, SEBS			PLEASANT BREEZES				PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208085
1783-09-05T08:00	-0.77	53.12	149	2.6				N63E	96.00	-9	SBE, SSE			LIGHT BREEZES AND SQUALLY				FAIR THEN HAZY	0	0	0	0		208086
1783-09-06T08:00	0.07	54.30	154	2.6				N65E	78.00	-9	S, SBE, SBW, SBE1/2E			LIGHT BREEZES			SWELL FROM E	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208087
1783-09-07T08:00	1.70	55.27	160	2.6				N37E	97.00	-9	SSW, SBE	TO N	20	LIGHT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208088
1783-09-08T08:00	2.88	56.17	206	2.6				N37E	89.00	-8	SW, SWBS			LIGHT BREEZES	CLOSE			FAIR	0	0	0	0		208089
1783-09-09T08:00	4.40	57.42	217	6.7				N39E	120.00	-8	SW			PLEASANT BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		208090
1783-09-10T08:00	5.82	58.14	219	6.7				NE1/2E	102.00	-6	SW			PLEASANT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208091
1783-09-11T08:00	7.53	59.20	220	6.7				N22E	114.00	-5	SW			PLEASANT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208092
1783-09-12T08:00	9.45	59.83	220	6.7				N18E	123.00	-5	SWBW, SW			PLEASANT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208093
1783-09-13T08:00	11.47	60.40	231	2.6				N15E	134.00	-5	WBN, SWBW			FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208094
1783-09-14T08:00	13.17	60.83	231	6.7				N13E	109.00	-5	SWBW			PLEASANT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208095
1783-09-15T08:00	14.80	61.82	231	6.7				N30E	114.00	-5	SWBW			PLEASANT BREEZES SOME LIGHT SQUALLS		SMALL RAIN		FAIR	0	1	0	0		208096
1783-09-16T08:00	16.30	62.98	245	9.3				N34E	117.00	-3	SWBW, WSW			FRESH BREEZES		SOME RAIN		HAZY THEN FAIR	0	1	0	0		208097
1783-09-17T08:00	17.92	66.60	267	6.7				NEBN1/4N	116.00	-3	W			PLEASANT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208098
1783-09-18T08:00	18.36	67.18	233	2.6					94.00	-3	W, WBS, SWBW			LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208099
1783-09-19T07:00	18.80	68.52	268	1.0				E70S	50.00	-2	W			LIGHT WIND INCLINABLE TO CALM	SULTRY AND HOT				0	0	0	0		208100
1783-09-20T07:00	18.83	69.15	279	0.0				E4N	25.00	-2	VARIABLE, WBN			CALM	VERY HOT				0	0	0	0		208101
1783-09-21T07:00	18.83	70.33	9	2.6				EBN	67.00	-2	VARIABLE, NBE			LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208102
1783-09-22T07:00	18.79	71.36	362	2.6				EBN	93.00	-2	VARIABLE			LIGHT BREEZES			SMOOTH WATER	PLEASANT	0	0	0	0		208103
1783-09-23T07:00	18.75	72.55	362	6.7	CANARIA	E	6	EBN	18.00	-1	VARIABLE			PLEASANT BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		208104