García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during RAVEN cruise from Boston to Chalestown started at 1775-12-02 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751705, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 36.418049 * Median Longitude: -71.497805 * South-bound Latitude: 32.300000 * West-bound Longitude: -79.610000 * North-bound Latitude: 42.430000 * East-bound Longitude: -65.100000
Date/Time Start: 1775-12-02T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1776-01-11T17:00:00
Event(s):
Raven_17751202_NMM_ADM/L/R65 * Latitude Start: 41.980000 * Longitude Start: -67.060000 * Latitude End: 31.830000 * Longitude End: -77.920000 * Date/Time Start: 1775-12-02T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1776-01-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Raven (Sloop), Voyage: Boston - Chalestown, 1st Observer: John Stanhope (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 14G 300BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 14 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 17 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 18 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 19 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 20 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 21 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 22 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 23 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 24 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 25 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 26 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
778 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 V descr | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 ww (Weather description) | 17 Precip descr | 18 State sea descr | 19 Clearness | 20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 21 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 22 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 23 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 25 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 26 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1775-12-02T17:00 | 42.37 | -69.38 | 219 | 6.7 | BOSTON | N88W | 69 | S88E | 69.00 | -6 | NW, NBE, SW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207876 | |||||
| 1775-12-03T16:00 | 42.43 | -66.71 | 195 | 19.0 | BOSTON | N88W | 64 | S89E | 115.00 | -8 | SSW | FIRST MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207877 | |||||
| 1775-12-04T16:00 | 41.72 | -65.60 | 285 | 19.0 | BOSTON | N80W | 81 | S55E | 60.00 | -8 | SSW, WNW | FIRST STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MID MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207878 | ||||||
| 1775-12-05T16:00 | 40.43 | -66.31 | 330 | 6.7 | BOSTON | N58:30W | 143 | S23W | 86.00 | -8 | NW, NNW | FIRST AND MID STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE | SNOW AND HAIL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 207879 | |||||
| 1775-12-06T16:00 | 39.82 | -65.47 | 240 | 9.3 | BOSTON | N56W | 96 | S45E | 53.00 | -8 | NW, SW, WSW | FIRST MODERATE, MID FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207880 | ||||||
| 1775-12-07T16:00 | 39.28 | -65.10 | 37 | 6.7 | BOSTON | N53:30W | 108 | S25E | 35.00 | -8 | SW, NWBW, NE | FIRST AND MID STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | LIGHTNING | HEAVY SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 207881 | ||||
| 1775-12-08T16:00 | 40.05 | -66.04 | 296 | 9.3 | BOSTON | N55:45W | 88 | S44W | 65.00 | -8 | SE, WSW, NWBW | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES, MID STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | LIGHTNING | HEAVY SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 207882 | ||||
| 1775-12-09T16:00 | 40.08 | -65.88 | 183 | 22.6 | BOSTON | N57W | 90 | N66E | 6.00 | -8 | WBN, SBW | FIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207883 | ||||||
| 1775-12-10T16:00 | 39.42 | -66.93 | 352 | 6.7 | BOSTON | N46:30W | 90 | S51W | 65.00 | -8 | NNE, N | FIRST AND MID FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | HEAVY SEA FROM THE N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207884 | |||||
| 1775-12-11T17:00 | 39.47 | -67.97 | 185 | 22.6 | BOSTON | N34W | 75 | N88W | 51.00 | -6 | NNE, SBE, SBW | FIRST LIGHT AIRS, MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | FIRST CLEAR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207885 | ||||
| 1775-12-12T17:00 | 38.22 | -67.93 | 287 | 22.6 | BOSTON | N26W | 96 | S | 72.00 | -6 | WNW | STRONG GALES | HEAVY SEA FROM SW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207886 | |||||
| 1775-12-13T17:00 | 37.08 | -68.97 | 291 | 9.3 | BOSTON | N13:30W | 112 | S37W | 86.00 | -2 | NW, WNW | FIRST STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207887 | |||||
| 1775-12-14T17:00 | 36.32 | -69.32 | 234 | 9.3 | BOSTON | N9:15W | 127 | S22W | 49.00 | -2 | NWBW, W, SWBW | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, MID LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207888 | |||||
| 1775-12-15T17:00 | 36.77 | -69.18 | 291 | 19.0 | BOSTON | N10:30W | 118 | N11E | 27.00 | -2 | SWBW, NWBW, WNW | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID STRONG GALES | DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207889 | |||||
| 1775-12-16T17:00 | 36.40 | -69.42 | 358 | 6.7 | BOSTON | N8W | 124 | S34W | 26.00 | -2 | W, NW, N | FIRST STRONG GALES, MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207890 | |||||
| 1775-12-17T17:00 | 36.50 | -70.29 | 246 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N84:30W | 113 | N59W | 80.00 | -2 | NNE, ESE, WSW | FIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207891 | |||||
| 1775-12-18T17:00 | 37.15 | -70.53 | 336 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N88W | 78 | N28W | 31.00 | -2 | WSW, NW, NNW | FIRST FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207892 | ||||||
| 1775-12-19T17:00 | 35.73 | -70.49 | 291 | 22.6 | CAPE HENRY | N70:30W | 80 | S | 83.00 | -2 | NWBW, W, WNW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER STRONG GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207893 | ||||||
| 1775-12-20T17:00 | 34.65 | -70.90 | 302 | 22.6 | CAPE HENRY | N54:24W | 84 | S19W | 68.00 | -2 | NW, NWBW | STRONG GALES | LIGHTNING | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 207894 | ||||
| 1775-12-21T17:00 | 33.80 | -70.66 | 313 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | S80:30W | 127 | S11E | 52.00 | -2 | NW | FIRST AND MID STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MORE MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207895 | ||||||
| 1775-12-22T17:00 | 34.25 | -71.53 | 88 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N51:16W | 88 | N60W | 54.00 | -2 | NW, NE, E | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID CALM, LATTER FRESH GALES | GREAT SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207896 | ||||
| 1775-12-23T17:00 | 35.15 | -73.41 | 68 | 22.6 | CAPE HENRY | N48W | 56 | N59W | 106.00 | 0 | E, ENE | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | A HEAVY SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207897 | ||||
| 1775-12-24T17:00 | 36.45 | -72.49 | 291 | 22.6 | CAPE HENRY | N78W | 53 | -2 | SSW, NNW, NW, WNW | TO N | FIRST AND LATTER STRONG GALES, MID MORE MODERATE | RAIN | HEAVY SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207898 | |||||
| 1775-12-25T17:00 | 36.63 | -72.06 | 302 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N83W | 58 | N62E | 22.00 | -2 | WSW, WNW, NWBN | TO N | FIRST ANDLATTER FRESH GALES, MID STRONG GLAES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207899 | |||||
| 1775-12-26T17:00 | 36.82 | -73.12 | 360 | 9.3 | CAPE HENRY | N84:50W | 40 | N79W | 54.00 | 0 | WBN, NBW, N | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207900 | |||||
| 1775-12-27T17:00 | 36.68 | -74.97 | 338 | 9.3 | CAPE HENRY | N60W | 12 | S85W | 90.00 | 0 | N, NBE, NNW | TO S | STRONG | FRESH BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207901 | ||||
| 1775-12-28T17:00 | 36.23 | -74.79 | 23 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N41W | 20 | S30E | 32.00 | 0 | NE, NNE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207902 | |||||
| 1775-12-29T17:00 | 35.98 | -73.97 | 45 | 9.3 | CAPE HENRY | N51W | 33 | S68E | 41.00 | 0 | NNE, NE | FIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207903 | |||||
| 1775-12-30T17:00 | 35.85 | -73.51 | 248 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | N54:30W | 40 | S69E | 22.00 | 0 | NEBE, EBS, N, NE, WSW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 207904 | ||||
| 1775-12-31T17:00 | 36.07 | -74.12 | 293 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N49W | 29 | N70W | 34.00 | 0 | SWBW, WNW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207905 | |||||
| 1776-01-01T17:00 | 34.40 | -73.47 | 293 | 9.3 | CHARLES TOWN | S65W | 79 | S17E | 105.00 | 0 | W, NW, WNW | FRESH BREEZES | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207906 | |||||
| 1776-01-02T17:00 | 33.85 | -74.56 | 23 | 2.6 | CHARLES TOWN | S66:30W | 55 | S59W | 65.00 | 0 | NW, NWBN, N, NNE | FIRST AND MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207907 | |||||
| 1776-01-03T17:00 | 34.07 | -73.72 | 191 | 9.3 | CHARLES TOWN | S68W | 70 | S72E | 42.00 | 0 | CALM, S, SBE, SBW | FIRST CALM, MID LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207908 | |||||
| 1776-01-04T17:00 | 32.93 | -74.31 | 338 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | S86W | 56 | S8E | 56.00 | 0 | WSW, WNW, NNW | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MID FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207909 | |||||
| 1776-01-05T17:00 | 32.30 | -74.89 | 206 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | N49W | 47 | S40E | 49.00 | 3 | NW, SW, SSW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207910 | |||||
| 1776-01-06T17:00 | 32.57 | -75.32 | 326 | 19.0 | CHARLES TOWN | N86:30W | 38 | N56W | 28.00 | 0 | SSW, SW, WSW, NWBN | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID STRONG GALES AND HEAVY SQUALLS | LIGHTNING | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 207911 | ||||
| 1776-01-07T17:00 | 32.50 | -75.91 | 183 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | N79:30W | 28 | S81W | 32.00 | 3 | NNW, N, ESE, S | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MID LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207912 | ||||||
| 1776-01-08T17:00 | 33.00 | -77.09 | 203 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | S79W | 27 | N64W | 67.00 | 0 | SBW, S, SSW | MODERATE BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207913 | |||||
| 1776-01-09T17:00 | 33.67 | -77.48 | 248 | 19.0 | CHARLES TOWN | S46W | 26 | N26W | 45.00 | 0 | SW, SSW, WSW | FIRST MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207914 | |||||
| 1776-01-10T17:00 | 32.70 | -79.61 | 2 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | W | S70W | 85.00 | 2 | WBN, NW, NNW, N | FIRST STRONG GALES, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207915 | |||||||
| 1776-01-11T17:00 | 33.35 | -78.00 | 205 | 6.7 | CHARLES TOWN | S51W | 19 | S56W | 36.00 | 2 | NBW, ENE, ESE, SE, SSE, SSW | MODERATE BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 207916 |