García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during RAINBOW cruise from Hampton to Margaret Road started at 1766-08-14 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751670, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 44.621154 * Median Longitude: -40.233462 * South-bound Latitude: 38.980000 * West-bound Longitude: -64.530000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.780000 * East-bound Longitude: -17.580000
Date/Time Start: 1766-08-14T16:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1766-09-08T13:00:00
Event(s):
Rainbow_17660814_NMM_ADM/L/R13 * Latitude Start: 36.800000 * Longitude Start: -74.250000 * Latitude End: 49.780000 * Longitude End: -17.580000 * Date/Time Start: 1766-08-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1766-09-08T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Rainbow (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Hampton - Margret Road (Uk), 1st Observer: Walter Stirling (Captain), 2nd Observer: William Dudingston (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 44G. 814BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
502 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1766-08-14T16:00 | 39.77 | -64.53 | 240 | 9.3 | CAPE HENRY | S73W | 189 | N68E | 120.00 | -8 | SWBW, WBS, WSW | FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206560 | |||
| 1766-08-15T16:00 | 39.77 | -62.25 | 14 | 15.4 | CAPE HENRY | S75:39W | 223 | E | 105.00 | -9 | WBS, NBW, NNE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE GALES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HEAVY RAIN | LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206561 | ||
| 1766-08-16T16:00 | 38.98 | -60.73 | 70 | 15.4 | CAPE HENRY | S80W | 243 | S60E | 90.00 | -9 | ENE, NEBN, EBN | MODERATE GALES | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206562 | |||
| 1766-08-17T16:00 | 40.53 | -60.33 | 126 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | S74W | 254 | NBE | 94.00 | -9 | E, SE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206563 | |||
| 1766-08-18T16:00 | 41.67 | -58.87 | 182 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | S71W | 283 | N44E | 95.00 | -9 | ESE, SBW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206564 | |||
| 1766-08-19T16:00 | 42.65 | -56.22 | 209 | CAPE HENRY | S69:38W | 325 | N68E | 128.00 | -16 | WBS, SW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206565 | |||
| 1766-08-20T16:00 | 43.03 | -53.85 | 74 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | S70W | 361 | N77E | 107.00 | -16 | SW, NNW, E | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | FIRST PART DRIZZLING RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206566 | ||
| 1766-08-21T15:00 | 42.85 | -52.12 | 355 | 9.3 | CAPE HENRY | S72W | 385 | S82E | 77.00 | -16 | ENE, NBE | FRESH BREEZES | DRIZZLING RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206567 | ||
| 1766-08-22T15:00 | 43.37 | -51.73 | 74 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | S11W | 392 | N18E | 34.00 | -16 | EBN, SEBE, E | LITTLE WINDS | SHOWERS OF RAIN | HAZY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206568 | ||
| 1766-08-23T15:00 | 43.60 | -47.90 | 265 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | N64W | 90 | N85E | 166.00 | -16 | SEBE, WBN | LITTLE WINDS | SHOWERS OF RAIN | HAZY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206569 | ||
| 1766-08-24T15:00 | 44.22 | -46.90 | 96 | CAPE RACE | N58W | 93 | N51E | 58.00 | -17 | NW, N, SE, ESE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER HEAVY SQUALLS | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206570 | |||
| 1766-08-25T15:00 | 44.75 | -45.35 | 231 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N78:53E | 547 | N69E | 159.00 | -17 | EBS, WSW | LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206571 | |||
| 1766-08-26T15:00 | 44.88 | -41.38 | 208 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N78E | 504 | E3N | 168.00 | -17 | SSW, W, SW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART THICK FOG | FIRST PART SMALL RAIN | LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206572 | |
| 1766-08-27T15:00 | 45.33 | -38.22 | 276 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N77:53E | 447 | N79E | 137.00 | -17 | WBN, WNW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206573 | |||
| 1766-08-28T14:00 | 45.53 | -35.20 | 253 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N77E | 404 | N85E | 126.00 | -17 | WNW, W | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206574 | |||
| 1766-08-29T14:00 | 46.10 | -30.83 | 230 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N77E | 343 | N80E | 185.00 | -18 | W, WSW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206575 | |||
| 1766-08-30T14:00 | 46.52 | -27.92 | 27 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N76:50E | 301 | N78E | 122.00 | -18 | SW, NE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206576 | |||
| 1766-08-31T14:00 | 46.33 | -26.95 | 72 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N75:13E | 286 | S79E | 63.00 | -18 | NE, E | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206577 | ||
| 1766-09-01T14:00 | 46.42 | -26.48 | 263 | 0.0 | LIZARD | N75:36E | 284 | N16W | 6.00 | -18 | E, NE, WBN | FIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER CALM | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206578 | |||
| 1766-09-01T14:00 | 46.37 | -25.72 | 16 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N74:51E | 274 | N85E | 32.00 | -18 | WNW, NNE, NEBN | FIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FIRST PART A GREAT SWELL FROM NW | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206579 | ||
| 1766-09-03T14:00 | 46.55 | -25.30 | 361 | 0.0 | LIZARD | N75E | 267 | N57E | 20.00 | -18 | ESE, NEBN, EBS, CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LITTLE WIND, LATTER CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206580 | |||
| 1766-09-04T14:00 | 46.80 | -24.90 | 361 | 0.0 | LIZARD | N76E | 261 | N50E | 22.00 | -18 | CALM, VARIABLE, CALM | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CALM, MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS INCLINABLE TO CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206581 | ||||
| 1766-09-05T14:00 | 47.27 | -23.08 | 353 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N76E | 231 | N69E | 79.00 | -18 | WNW, NNE, NBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LITTLE WIND, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206582 | |||
| 1766-09-06T13:00 | 47.68 | -22.00 | 215 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N78E | 217 | N62E | 50.00 | -21 | NNE, NW, SWBW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206583 | |||
| 1766-09-07T13:00 | 49.40 | -19.73 | 215 | 9.3 | LIZARD | N86E | 180 | N41E | 136.00 | -21 | SWBW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206584 | ||||
| 1766-09-08T13:00 | 49.78 | -17.58 | 204 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N88E | 129 | EBN1/2N | 92.00 | -21 | W, WSW, SW | FIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | MIDDLE AND LATTER THICK FOG | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 206585 |