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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during QUEEN cruise from Benkulen to St. Helena started at 1779-07-16 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751629, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -24.787463 * Median Longitude: 47.185970 * South-bound Latitude: -36.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -5.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -7.200000 * East-bound Longitude: 102.230000
Date/Time Start: 1779-07-16T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-09-21T00:00:00
Event(s):
Queen_17790716_BL_L/MAR/B/356F * Latitude Start: -6.670000 * Longitude Start: 100.420000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1779-07-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-09-21T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Queen, Voyage: Benkulen - St Helena, 1st Observer: Peter Douglas (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 821BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
12 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
13 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
14 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 Present weatherwwWeather description
20 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
21 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 CommentComment
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1357 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
12 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
14 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
19 
ww
(Weather description)
20 
Precip descr
21 
State sea descr
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
Comment
31 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1779-07-16T05:00-7.20102.231121016.029.4MOUNT POGONGN22S22W118.00-185.0030.00SE, VARIABLE, NW, SEBE, ESECLOUDY0000000205117
1779-07-17T05:00-8.02101.65881016.027.9S37W58.00-282.3030.00ESE, SEBE, NW, EVERY UNSETTLED WITH SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY0100000205118
1779-07-18T05:00-9.67100.801117.3999.127.2S30W102.00-281.0029.50E, ENE, ESEMODERATE BREEZES INCREASING LATTERLYCLOUDY0000000205119
1779-07-19T05:00-11.2899.63669.31007.526.7SWBS125.00-280.0029.75ESE, SEBE, EBS, EBN, ENEFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAINYCLOUDY0100000205120
1779-07-20T05:00-13.0798.551101009.225.6S37W105.00-378.0029.80EBS, ESEFRESH GALES, HARD SQUALLSRAIN0100000205121
1779-07-21T06:00-13.5296.4313319.01016.025.0S75W127.00-277.0030.00ESE, SEFRESH GALESPLEASANT0000000205122
1779-07-22T06:00-13.9794.2813319.01016.025.2S75W129.00-277.3030.00SEFRESH GALESSWELL FROM SEFINE AND PLEASANT0000000205123
1779-07-23T06:00-14.3391.8014415.41016.024.4WBS148.00-276.0030.00SSE, SBE, SEBSCONTINUED GALE AND SQUALLYPLEASANT0000000205124
1779-07-24T06:00-14.9289.5313319.01009.224.6WBS1/2S138.00-276.3029.80SEBE, SEFRESH GALESFINE AND PLEASANT0000000205125
1779-07-25T06:00-15.7287.1713319.01016.023.5S70W146.00-274.3030.00SEBS, SEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY0100000205126
1779-07-26T06:00-16.3384.7213313.11016.023.3S70W151.00-274.0030.00SEBE, SSE, SEFRESH STEADY GALESFAIR0000000205127
1779-07-27T07:00-16.8282.3313215.41019.422.8S75W142.00-373.0030.10SECONTINUED GALESRAINYLARGE SWELL FROM SECLOUDY0100000205128
1779-07-28T07:00-17.2280.4213214.71016.022.9S75W115.00-373.3030.00SEBE, ESE, EBN, SBW, VARIABLE, SEGALES DECREASINGSOME RAINCLOUDY0100000205129
1779-07-29T07:00-17.6078.921196.7999.122.9S75W90.00-573.3029.50SEBE, SEBEMODERATE AND STEADY BREEZESPLEASANT0000000205130
1779-07-30T07:00-18.1077.271526.7992.322.9S72W99.00-673.3029.30ESE, SEBE, SBE, SE, SSEMODERATE BREEZESUNSETTLED0000000205131
1779-07-31T07:00-18.8375.031299.31009.222.5S69W136.00-672.4529.80SEBS, SEFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY0000000205132
1779-08-01T07:00-19.7073.10959.3992.322.5WSW117.00-672.4529.30SE, ESE, EBS, EBN, E, EBSFINE STEADY BREEZEPLEASANT0000000205133
1779-08-02T07:00-20.5871.47609.31019.423.3S66W100.00-874.0030.10E, EBN, ENEFINE STEADY BREEZEPLEASANT0000000205134
1779-08-03T07:00-21.0070.701052.61016.023.4S70W46.00-874.1530.00ESE, E, EBS, VARIABLE, SE, ESELIGHT BREEZESFIRST FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY0000000205135
1779-08-04T07:00-21.1569.2216119.01009.221.9S79W84.00-871.4529.80VARIABLE, SBW, S, SBEVARIABLE INCREASING LATTERLY TO FRESH GALES, SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY0100000205136
1779-08-05T08:00-21.8366.7211419.0992.322.4S72W148.00-1072.3029.30SBE, SSE, SEBEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYSWELL FROM THE S0000000205137
1779-08-06T08:00-22.7066.0012219.01016.022.3S57W74.00-1372.1530.00SEBE, SEFRESH GALESSWELL FROM SECLOUDY0000000205138
1779-08-07T08:00-23.9363.93669.31019.422.2S72W123.00-1372.0030.10SEBE, ESE, EBS, EBN, ENE, EBNFRESH BREEZESSOME RAINCLOUDY0100000205139
1779-08-08T08:00-23.8261.903229.31012.621.7S75W115.00-1671.0029.90EBN, ENE, N, NNWFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000205140
1779-08-09T08:00-24.0560.971532.61022.822.2S75W53.00-1672.0030.20NW, SSW, SBW, S, SBELIGHT WINDSRAINFIRST CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER CLEAR0100000205141
1779-08-10T08:00-24.6559.481196.71019.422.2S74W84.00-1672.0030.10SSE, SBE, S, SEPLEASANT BREEZESCLOUDY0000000205142
1779-08-11T08:00-25.1357.903446.71019.423.3S73W91.00-1674.0030.10SE, SEBE, EBS, ENE, NEBE, NNE, NMODERATE AND PLEASANT BREEZESFAIR0000000205143
1779-08-12T08:00-25.8856.97261.01022.823.3S70W53.00-1974.0030.20N, NBW, VARIABLE, EBS, ENE, NELIGHT AIRSVARIABLE AND UNSETTLED0000000205144
1779-08-13T08:00-26.4554.77156.71022.822.8S80W118.00-1973.0030.20NEBE, NE, NNW, NEBNPLEASANT BREEZESCLEAR AND FAIR0000000205145
1779-08-14T08:00-26.8053.171841016.021.9S79W86.00-1971.4530.00NBE, VARIABLE, NNE, SSWRAINFIRST FAIR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY0100000205146
1779-08-15T09:00-27.0051.231036.71022.820.6S78W104.00-2169.1530.20SBW, S, SBE, SE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLYUNSETTLED AND CLOUDY0000000205147
1779-08-16T09:00-27.5349.20776.71019.421.7S70W115.00-2471.0030.10SSE, SEBS, ESE, EBSMODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLYUNSETTLED AND CLOUDY0000000205148
1779-08-17T09:00-28.2246.9711015.41022.822.8S70W125.00-2573.0030.20SESTEADY MODERATE AND PLEASANT GALEFIRST FAIR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY0000000205149
1779-08-18T09:00-29.1044.903119.01019.422.2S67W116.00-2572.0030.10SE, SEBS, EBS, EBN, NEBEFRESH GALESCLOUDY AND HAZY0000000205150
1779-08-19T09:00-30.3342.3035713.11009.222.2S64W150.00-2672.0029.80NBE, NEBN, NNESTRONG GTEADY GALES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY AND HAZY0000000205151
1779-08-20T09:00-30.6741.572102.61012.620.0S67W41.00-2668.0029.90NBE, N, NBW, NNW, SSW, SWBS, SWBWFIRST FRESH GALES, DECREASING TO LIGHT AND VARIABLE WINDSVERY LARGE SWELL FROM SW0000000205152
1779-08-21T09:00-30.5540.921432.61019.420.0WBN34.00-2668.0030.10SW, SWBW, SWBS, SW, SBELIGHT WINDSSWELL MUCH ABATEDFAIR0000000205153
1779-08-22T09:00-31.3339.124213.11016.020.7S54W87.00-2669.3030.00SSE, SE, ESE, ENE, ENELIGHT PLEASANT BREEZES INCREASING TO A STRONG STEADY GALE0000000205154
1779-08-23T10:00-33.2036.702918.1992.322.3SW1/4W135.00-2772.2029.30NE, NEBEFRESH GALES DECREASING TOWARDS NOONTHICKCLOUDY AND HAZY0000000205155
1779-08-24T10:00-33.6034.721086.71016.019.1S74W80.00-2766.3030.00NE, SWBW, SW, SSW, SBW, SSE, SEBS, SEMODERATE AND LIGHT BREEZES,VARIABLE, CLOUDY, HAZY0010000205156
1779-08-25T10:00-35.8732.31539.31016.018.9W1/4S98.00-2666.0030.00SE, ESE, E, NE, EBNPLEASANT GALES SOME SQUALLSRAIN0100000205157
1779-08-26T10:00-35.5030.252221016.020.0S85W82.00-2668.0030.00EBN, W, WSWSWELL FROM SWCLEAR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation205158
1779-08-27T10:00-35.8328.6031222.6992.318.3S58W98.00-2665.0029.30W, ESE, EBS, E, WBN, NWBW, NNWFIRST LIGHT AIRS, INCREASING TO A FRESH GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY0000000205159
1779-08-28T10:00-36.4228.251771005.814.0SBE25.00-2657.2029.70WBN, SSWSQUALLY AND LIGHT GALES0000000205160
1779-08-29T10:00-36.8327.8336226.81005.812.8S12E5.00-2655.0029.70VARIABLEHARD GALES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY0000000205161
1779-08-30T10:00-36.7827.5522222.61009.211.9N20E24.00-2653.4529.80WBN, WNW, WBS, WSWSTRONG GALESDIRTY WEATHERLARGE SEAS0000000205162
1779-08-31T10:00-36.0026.682466.71019.413.9NNW55.00-2457.0030.10SWBW, W, WNW, WBN, VARIABLE, WMODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLYSWELL FROM SW0000000205163
1779-09-01T10:00-35.9325.341906.71016.015.8W1/2N43.00-2460.4530.00W, WSW, SWBS, VARIABLE, SWBSFIRST AND MID LIGHT WINDS, LATTER PLEASANT BREEZES0000000205164
1779-09-02T10:00-35.4522.643596.71002.416.3W12N113.00-2461.3029.60SEBS, SE, ESE, EBS, ENE, NNEMODERATE AND PLEASANT BREEZESHAZY0000000205165
1779-09-03T11:00-35.7520.88214992.315.2S70W69.00-2259.3029.30VARIABLE, NW, NNW, WBN, W, WSW, SWBW, SWBWMODERATE AND PLEASANT BREEZES INCREASING LATTERLY, SQUALLYRAINYCLOUDY0100000205166
1779-09-04T11:00-35.2219.792592.61022.814.4N44W46.00-2258.0030.20SWBW, SW, WBS, W, WBNFIRST SQUALLY, LATTER LIGHT BREEZESFIRST CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR0000000205167
1779-09-05T11:00-35.0718.62342.61016.016.1N74W37.00-2261.0030.00NW, NWBW, WBS, EBS, EBN, E, NEBELIGHT MODERATE BREEZES AND CALMPLEASANT0000000205168
1779-09-06T11:00-34.2817.363621.01016.017.8N50W54.00-2064.0030.00NEBE, NE, VARIABLEMODERATE BREEZES DECREASING TO LIGHT AIRS AND CALMFAIR0000000205169
1779-09-07T11:00-33.9716.192281005.817.8N74W38.00-2064.0029.70NBE, NNE, NNW, VARIABLE, WNW, W, WSWVERY LIGHT BREEZES, VARIABLE AND CALMLARGE SWELL FROM SW0000000205170
1779-09-08T11:00-32.2514.4618219.01005.816.1N38W106.00-2161.0029.70W, WBS, WSW, SSWFIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES0000000205171
1779-09-09T11:00-30.5812.692271012.615.0N35W120.00-2159.0029.90SWBS, SW, WSW, WBS, WSWPLEASANT STEADY GALES, SQUALLYRAINYCLOUDY0100000205172
1779-09-10T11:00-29.4211.372301016.016.1N34W84.00-1861.0030.00WSW, SSW, SW, WBS, WSWDECREASING BREEZE, VARIABLECLOUDY0000000205173
1779-09-11T11:00-27.759.921856.71016.018.1N35W92.00-1864.5030.00W, WBN, WBS, WSW, SWBW, SSWMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY0000000205174
1779-09-12T11:00-26.738.572066.71019.417.8N39W78.00-1964.0030.10SWBS, WSW, WSW, SWMODERATE AND PLEASANT BREEZECLOUDY0000000205175
1779-09-13T12:00-25.086.771529.31019.417.2N40W114.00-1763.0030.10SW, SWBS, SSW, SBW, SBEFRESH BREEZESSMALL RAINCLOUDY AND HAZY0100000205176
1779-09-14T12:00-23.805.2915222.61016.016.7N40W90.00-1762.0030.00SSE, SBEMODERATE STEADY GALECLOUDY0000000205177
1779-09-15T12:00-22.233.5212922.61022.817.8N39W117.00-1764.0030.20SSE, SEBSMODERATE STEADY GALECLOUDY0000000205178
1779-09-16T12:00-20.451.4510919.01016.017.2N39W144.00-1563.0030.00SSE, SEBS, SE, SEBEFRESH GALES, AND SQUALLYCLOUDY0000000205179
1779-09-17T12:00-18.67-0.161206.71012.617.8N33W124.00-1564.0029.90SE, SSE, SEMODERATE STEADY AND PLEASANT GALESCLOUDY0000000205180
1779-09-18T12:00-17.30-1.431426.71016.018.6N32W87.00-1665.5030.00SEBS, SSE, SBE, SSEMODERATE AND PLEASANT BREEZESCLOUDY0000000205181
1779-09-19T12:00-15.97-2.971449.31019.419.7N40W100.00-1467.5030.10SBE, SSE, SEBS, SSEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY AND HAZY0000000205182
1779-09-20T12:00-15.83-5.001559.31016.020.2W92.00-1468.3030.00SSE, SBE, S, SBW, SBEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY AND HAZY0000000205183
1779-09-21T00:00ST HELENAWBN710000000205184