García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PORTLAND cruise from Madeira to St. Johns started at 1771-12-21 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751269, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 20.102368 * Median Longitude: -39.336842 * South-bound Latitude: 15.500000 * West-bound Longitude: -58.200000 * North-bound Latitude: 31.720000 * East-bound Longitude: -17.820000
Date/Time Start: 1771-12-21T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1772-01-28T16:00:00
Event(s):
Portland_17711221_NMM_ADM/L/P210 * Latitude Start: 32.130000 * Longitude Start: -16.570000 * Latitude End: 17.206000 * Longitude End: -61.646000 * Date/Time Start: 1771-12-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1772-01-28T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Portland (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madeira - St Johns Antigua, 1st Observer: Walter Stirling (Captain), 2nd Observer: J. Whiston (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1044BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
740 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1771-12-21T13:00 | 31.72 | -17.82 | 53 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N35E | 26 | S35W | 77.00 | -15 | CALM, NE, ENE | PM LIGHT AIRS AND CALM, AM MODERATE | AM CLOUDY, AT NOON FAIR AND PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193467 | |||
| 1771-12-22T13:00 | 30.32 | -19.94 | 64 | MADEIRA | N48E | 73 | S55W | 146.00 | -15 | ENE, EBS, EBN | PM MODERATE GALES | PM HEAVY RAIN | PM CLOUDY, AT NOON FAIR PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193468 | |||
| 1771-12-23T14:00 | 28.95 | -22.69 | 66 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N53:30E | 127 | SWBW | 150.00 | -13 | EBN, ESE, EBN | MODERATE | FLYING SHOWERS | PLEASANT WEATHER, AT NOON CLOUDY WEATHER | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193469 | ||
| 1771-12-24T14:00 | 27.53 | -24.72 | 66 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N54:30E | 184 | SWBW | 154.00 | -13 | EBN | MODERATE | LIGHTNING TO THE WESTWARD | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 193470 | |
| 1771-12-25T14:00 | 26.13 | -27.14 | 68 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N53:30E | 230 | SWBW | 156.00 | -11 | EBN | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193471 | |||
| 1771-12-26T14:00 | 25.08 | -29.34 | 92 | MADEIRA | N53:15E | 278 | SWBW1/2W | 134.00 | -9 | EBN, EBS | PM MODERATE | AM SMALL SHOWERS | PM CLOUDY, AM CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193472 | |||
| 1771-12-27T14:00 | 24.33 | -30.77 | 59 | MADEIRA | N56E | 304 | S60W | 90.00 | -9 | E, EBN, ESE, ENE | PM SMALL WINDS | LIGHTNING ALL NIGHT | PM CLOUDY, AM PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 193473 | |||
| 1771-12-28T14:00 | 25.82 | -31.72 | 59 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N56:30E | 322 | S60W | 60.00 | -9 | EBN, EBS, ENE | PM LIGHT BREEZES, AM ALMOST CALM, NOON LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE | PM FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193474 | |||
| 1771-12-29T14:00 | 23.27 | -32.62 | 16 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N56:40E | 344 | SWBW | 60.00 | -7 | ENE, NNE | LIGHT AIRS | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193475 | ||
| 1771-12-30T14:00 | 23.13 | -32.90 | 331 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N56:30E | 350 | SWBW1/2W | 19.00 | -7 | N, CALM, NNW | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193476 | |||
| 1771-12-31T14:00 | 22.87 | -33.47 | 361 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N57E | 363 | SWBW1/2W | 35.00 | -7 | NNW, VARIABLE, CALM | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS, AT NOON A LIGHT BREEZE | DRIZZLING RAIN | SOMETIMES CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193477 | ||
| 1772-01-01T14:00 | 22.13 | -34.65 | 361 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N57E | 384 | SWBW | 79.00 | -6 | NE, E, CALM | LITTLE WINDS AND CALMS | A SEA FROM THE NW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193478 | |||
| 1772-01-02T14:00 | 22.00 | -35.05 | 361 | MADEIRA | N57:45E | 393 | WSW1/2W | 25.00 | -6 | NE, CALM | VARIABLE CALMS AND LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193479 | |||||
| 1772-01-03T14:00 | 21.53 | -35.65 | 17 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N57E | 410 | SW1/2W | 44.00 | -6 | N, CALM, NNE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | SEA MORE SMOOTH | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193480 | |||
| 1772-01-04T14:00 | 21.45 | -36.09 | 208 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | S78W | 445 | W9S | 34.00 | -6 | N, CALM, VARIABLE, SWBS | WINDS VARIABLE WITH CALMS, AT 5PM A FRESH BREEZE, AT 6AM A SMALL BREEZE | A VERY LARGE SWELL FROM THE NORTH | CLOUDY AND FAIR WEATHER, AT 5PM CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193481 | ||
| 1772-01-05T15:00 | 21.58 | -38.09 | 221 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N60E | 438 | W5N | 96.00 | -4 | SWBS, S, W, SW | PM MODERATE, AT 9 SQUALLY, AT NOON MODERATE | PM FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193482 | |||
| 1772-01-06T14:00 | 20.63 | -37.09 | 287 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N58:30E | 454 | S | 57.00 | -6 | SW, WNW | VARIABLE WEATHER WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS, AM MORE MODERATE | RAIN | AM FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193483 | ||
| 1772-01-07T15:00 | 20.22 | -38.47 | 362 | MADEIRA | N58E | 465 | S50W | 33.00 | -4 | VARIABLE | VARIABLE WINDS AND WEATHER WITH CALMS | SUNSHINE | SHOWERS | A SWELL FROM THE N | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193484 | ||
| 1772-01-08T15:00 | 19.08 | -38.69 | 289 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N56E | 480 | SBW | 69.00 | -4 | WSW, W, WNW | MODERATE | LONG SLOW SWELL FROM THE NORTH | FAIR PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193485 | ||
| 1772-01-09T15:00 | 17.38 | -38.52 | 246 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N52:30E | 498 | S1/2W | 103.00 | -2 | WSW | MODERATE | FAIR PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193486 | |||
| 1772-01-10T15:00 | 16.28 | -40.22 | 246 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N50:30E | 514 | S1/2W | 79.00 | -2 | WBS, WSW | MODERATE | LOW SWELL FROM THE NW | FAIR PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193487 | ||
| 1772-01-11T15:00 | 16.03 | -38.92 | 99 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N50:30E | 515 | WSW | 15.00 | -2 | W, CALM, EBS | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | LONG LOW SWELL FROM THE NW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193488 | |||
| 1772-01-12T15:00 | 16.28 | -40.22 | 111 | 9.3 | MADEIRA | N52E | 543 | WBN | 79.00 | -2 | EBS, ESE | LITTLE WINDS, AM A FINE BREEZE | SWELL FROM THE NW | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193489 | ||
| 1772-01-13T15:00 | 16.38 | -41.39 | 362 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N54E | 560 | W1/2N | 67.00 | -2 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WINDS, AM A FINE BREEZE, AT 8 MODERATE | HEAVY RAIN | HAZY, AT 8 CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193490 | ||
| 1772-01-14T15:00 | 16.18 | -42.82 | 348 | 19.0 | MADEIRA | N55:30E | 580 | W3/4S | 84.00 | -1 | E, VARIABLE, N, NBW | LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE, 6AM A FRESH GALE AND SQUALLY | A LONG SWELL FROM THE NW | CLOUDY HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193491 | ||
| 1772-01-15T15:00 | 15.92 | -45.25 | 10 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N57E | 624 | S83W | 140.00 | -1 | NBW, VARIABLE, NBE | LITTLE WINDS VARIABLE AND CALMS FRESH GALES | A VERY HIGH LOFTY SWELL FROM THE NNW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193492 | |||
| 1772-01-16T15:00 | 15.78 | -46.22 | 361 | 0.0 | MADEIRA | N58E | 240 | S82W | 57.00 | -1 | NBE, CALM | PM MODERATE, AT NOON CALM | FLYING SHOWERS | A VERY TUMBLING SEA FROM THE NORTH | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193493 | ||
| 1772-01-17T15:00 | 15.63 | -46.22 | 361 | 0.0 | MADEIRA | N58E | 642 | S | 9.00 | -1 | CALM | CALM | A VERY TUMBLING SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193494 | |||
| 1772-01-18T15:00 | 15.50 | -46.59 | 22 | 0.0 | MADEIRA | 650 | S69W | 23.00 | -1 | CALM, NE, NNE | CALM | A VERY TUMBLING SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193495 | ||||
| 1772-01-19T15:00 | 15.67 | -47.50 | 24 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N58:45E | 660 | WBN | 53.00 | 1 | NNE | LITTLE WINDS | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR AND PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193496 | ||
| 1772-01-21T15:00 | 15.70 | -49.54 | 339 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N60:30E | 698 | W5N | 59.00 | 1 | NNW, NBE, NNW | MODERATE BREEZES TILL 8 LIGHT AIRS AND MOST CALM | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193497 | ||
| 1772-01-22T15:00 | 15.78 | -50.22 | 69 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N61:15E | 708 | W7N | 41.00 | 1 | NNW, NE, ENE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193498 | |||
| 1772-01-23T15:00 | 15.87 | -50.95 | 46 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N61:45E | 718 | W7N | 44.00 | 1 | ENE, NE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193499 | |||
| 1772-01-24T15:00 | 16.15 | -52.27 | 46 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N63E | 740 | W13N | 78.00 | 1 | NNE, NE | MODERATE BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | SMOOTH WATER | AT 4AM CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193500 | |
| 1772-01-25T16:00 | 16.32 | -53.20 | 71 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N64E | 754 | WBN | 55.00 | 3 | NE, NNE, ENE | LITTLE WINDS | VERY WARM | A SWELL FROM THE NNW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193501 | |
| 1772-01-26T16:00 | 16.28 | -53.80 | 71 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | N64E | 767 | W3S | 35.00 | 3 | NE, NNE, ENE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | SHOWERS | AT NOON CLOUDY | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193502 | ||
| 1772-01-27T16:00 | 16.42 | -55.84 | 48 | 15.4 | MADEIRA | N66:30E | 769 | W4N | 120.00 | 3 | VARIABLE, NE | WINDS AND WEATHER VARIABLE, AT 6PM MODERATE GALES | AT 6PM CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193503 | |||
| 1772-01-28T16:00 | 16.57 | -58.20 | 105 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N67:10E | 840 | W4N | 139.00 | 4 | ENE, EBS | MODERATE GALES, AT NOON MODERATE | CLOUDY, AT NOON FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193504 |