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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PHILADELPHIA cruise from Suriname to the Netherlands started at 1759-07-04 [dataset]. Rijksarchief Zeeland, Middelburg, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751188, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.294032 * Median Longitude: -42.347258 * South-bound Latitude: 6.600000 * West-bound Longitude: -60.500000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.780000 * East-bound Longitude: -4.800000
Date/Time Start: 1759-07-04T16:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1759-09-04T12:00:00
Event(s):
Philadelphia_17590704_MCC_20_916 * Latitude Start: 6.180000 * Longitude Start: -55.410000 * Latitude End: 49.000000 * Longitude End: -6.320000 * Date/Time Start: 1759-07-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1759-09-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Philadelphia, Voyage: Suriname - The Netherlands, 1st Observer: J. Menkenveld (Schipper), Company: MCC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Image number/nameImage no/nameIdentification Number of the original image
7LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
8BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
9Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
10--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
14DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
15DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
16Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18Present weatherwwWeather description
19Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21Cloud typeCloud type
22ClearnessClearness
23GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25FogFog1 If fog was reported
26Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28HailHail1 If hail was reported
29Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30CommentComment
31IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1171 data points

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