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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PHILADELPHIA cruise from Rotterdam to Guinea started at 1756-09-14 [dataset]. Rijksarchief Zeeland, Middelburg, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751183, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 24.770392 * Median Longitude: -18.054314 * South-bound Latitude: 7.920000 * West-bound Longitude: -24.430000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.670000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.480000
Date/Time Start: 1756-09-14T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1756-11-05T00:00:00
Event(s):
Philadelphia_17560914_MCC_20_910 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: 4.480000 * Longitude End: 1.680000 * Date/Time Start: 1756-09-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1756-11-05T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Philadelphia, Voyage: Rotterdam - Guinea, 1st Observer: J. Menkenveld (Schipper), Company: MCC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Image number/nameImage no/nameIdentification Number of the original image
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
10 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
11 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
12 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
13 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
14 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
15 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
16 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
17 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
18 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
19 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
20 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
21 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
22 Present weatherwwWeather description
23 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
24 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
25 Cloud typeCloud type
26 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
27 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
28 FogFog1 If fog was reported
29 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
30 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
31 HailHail1 If hail was reported
32 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
33 CommentComment
34 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
956 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Image no/name
(Identification Number of the ...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
10 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
12 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
13 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
14 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
15 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
16 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
17 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
18 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
19 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
20 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
21 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
22 
ww
(Weather description)
23 
Precip descr
24 
State sea descr
25 
Cloud type
26 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
27 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
28 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
29 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
30 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
31 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
32 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
33 
Comment
34 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1756-09-14T12:0049.67-5.4829712.3MCC_20_910_0004VM8ZZW3.50-18WNW-NWDUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE0000000188218
1756-09-15T12:0049.30-5.771624.6MCC_20_910_0004VM8ZW 2 Z5.75-18ZW-ZGEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188219
1756-09-16T12:0048.47-7.48274.9MCC_20_910_0004VM8ZW20.50-18NOFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188220
1756-09-17T13:0046.70-9.9364.0MCC_20_910_0004VM8ZW35.00-17N-NNOVAN EEN MARSZEILSKOELTE TOT EEN LAGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188221
1756-09-18T13:0045.75-11.303434.0MCC_20_910_0004VM8ZW20.00-17NSLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188222
1756-09-19T13:0044.77-12.703544.6MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZW21.00-17NO-NTOBRAMZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000188223
1756-09-20T13:0043.93-13.922764.0MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZW18.00-17NW-WNWSLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188224
1756-09-21T13:0043.07-14.3518612.3MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZZW 1/3 Z14.50-17W-ZZWVAN BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE0000000188225
1756-09-22T13:0042.90-13.703214.6MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZOTO6.50-17NW-NNWVAN EEN MARSZEILSKOELTE TOT EEN LABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188226
1756-09-23T13:0042.58-14.070.0MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZW3.00-17DOODSTILTEHOGE ZEE UIT NW0000000188227
1756-09-24T13:0042.32-14.30744.6MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZW3.50-16OLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188228
1756-09-25T13:0041.62-15.353444.0MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZW16.50-16NSLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000188229
1756-09-26T13:0040.42-16.853444.9MCC_20_910_0005VM8ZW 12 Z25.00-16NFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188230
1756-09-27T13:0038.85-18.87304.6MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZW33.00-15NOBRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188231
1756-09-28T13:0037.82-20.18304.6MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZW22.00-15NOLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTEBETROKKEN LUCHT0000000188232
1756-09-29T13:0036.96-20.65554.0MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZZW14.00-13NO-ONOSLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188233
1756-09-30T13:0036.07-21.17554.0MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZZW16.50-13ONOSLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBETROKKEN LUCHT0000000188234
1756-10-01T13:0034.47-21.921224.6MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZZW 2 Z25.75-13ONO-ZOGEMENE EN OOK EEN STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHT1000000188235
1756-10-02T14:0033.02-22.68334.6MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZZW25.00-12ONO-NOGEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188236
1756-10-03T14:0032.40-23.13134.0MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZZW13.00-10N-NNOSLAPPE EN OOK EEN FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188237
1756-10-04T14:0030.90-23.85354.6MCC_20_910_0006VM8ZZW 2 W24.00-10NOGEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188238
1756-10-05T14:0029.68-24.43134.6MCC_20_910_0007VM8ZZW20.00-10NOTN-NNOLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188239
1756-10-06T14:0028.12-24.43354.9MCC_20_910_0007VM8Z25.00-10NOFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188240
1756-10-07T14:0026.15-24.43364.6MCC_20_910_0007VM8Z29.50-9ONO-NOVAN EEN FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT EEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188241
1756-10-08T14:0024.77-24.43364.6MCC_20_910_0007VM8Z21.50-9NNO-NOEEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188242
1756-10-09T14:0023.38-24.43364.6MCC_20_910_0007VM8Z20.50-9NOGEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188243
1756-10-10T14:0021.63-24.43376.7MCC_20_910_0007VM8Z26.00-8NOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBUIIGE LUCHT1000000188244
1756-10-12T14:0017.28-23.45389.3MCC_20_910_0007VM8ZZO36.50-7NOGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEHARIGE LUCHT0000000188245
1756-10-13T14:0016.12-23.10164.6MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZZO19.50-7NTO-NNOBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188246
1756-10-14T13:0014.92-22.30364.6MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZZO23.00-9NNO-NOEEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188247
1756-10-15T13:0014.05-21.92144.6MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZZO14.00-9NNOLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188248
1756-10-16T13:0013.02-21.37364.6MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZZO24.50-9NOEEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188249
1756-10-17T13:0011.98-21.02604.0MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZZO9.50-8O-ONOSLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation188250
1756-10-18T13:0011.03-20.621504.6MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZZO15.50-8NNO-ZZOLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188251
1756-10-19T13:0010.38-20.08372.6MCC_20_910_0008VM8ZO 1/2 Z12.50-8N-NOLUCHTJEZWARE TRAVAAT UIT HET ZO0000000188252
1756-10-20T13:0010.28-20.173521.0MCC_20_910_0009VM8ZW2.50-8NKLEIN KOELTJE0000000188253
1756-10-21T13:009.93-19.783522.6MCC_20_910_0009VM8ZO8.00-8NLABBER LUCHTJE0000000188254
1756-10-22T13:009.43-19.35371.0MCC_20_910_0009VM8ZO9.00-8N-NOKLEIN LUCHTJEMOOI WEER0000000188255
1756-10-23T13:008.83-18.721614.6MCC_20_910_0009VM8ZO 1 1/2 O13.00-8OZO-ZTOGEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTETRAVATIGE LUCHT0000000188256
1756-10-24T13:008.93-18.58372.6MCC_20_910_0009VM8NO 1/2 O2.50-8NA DOODSTILTE NODOODSTILTE, LABBER LUCHTJE0000000188257
1756-10-25T13:008.58-18.323522.6MCC_20_910_0009VM8ZO5.50-8SOMS NSOMS EEN LABBER LUCHTJE, DAN WEER DOODSTILTE0000000188258
1756-10-26T13:008.47-17.53824.6MCC_20_910_0009VM8OTZ 1 O11.75-8NO-OLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEER0000000188259
1756-10-27T13:008.43-17.42122.6MCC_20_910_0010VM8OZO2.00-11NNOLABBER LUCHTJE0000000188260
1756-10-28T13:008.05-16.75792.6MCC_20_910_0010VM8OZO 2/3 Z11.50-11NO-OLABBER LUCHTJE0000000188261
1756-10-29T13:008.02-16.611472.6MCC_20_910_0010VM8Z4.50-11OZO-ZZOLABBERKOELTE0000000188262
1756-10-30T13:008.18-16.10902.6MCC_20_910_0010VM8NO 1/2 O6.00-11OZO-OTZLUCHTJE0000000188263
1756-10-31T13:008.23-15.870.0MCC_20_910_0010VM8NOTO1.50-11DOODSTILTEZWARE TRAVAAT VAN WIND EN REGEN UIT HET Z1100000188264
1756-11-01T13:008.45-15.350.0MCC_20_910_0010VM8OTN6.00-11DOODSTILTE0000000188265
1756-11-02T13:008.38-14.85454.6MCC_20_910_0010VM8OTZ5.50-11N-NOTOBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN OOK DOODSTILTEREGEN VAN HET N-NTOTRAVATIGE LUCHT0100000188266
1756-11-03T13:008.68-14.032824.6MCC_20_910_0011VM8OZO11.00-11NW-WNWGEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188267
1756-11-04T13:007.92-13.252594.6MCC_20_910_0011KAAP TAGRIJNOTNKAAP TAGRIJN (ZONSONDERGANG)NOTO7GROOT BENONNES EILANDOTZVM8ZO 2/3 O12.25-11NW-WLABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000188268
1756-11-05T00:00MCC_20_910_00111VM80000000188269