García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PHILADELPHIA cruise from Elmina to Suriname started at 1755-05-28 [dataset]. Rijksarchief Zeeland, Middelburg, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751181, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 1.753415 * Median Longitude: -20.961463 * South-bound Latitude: -0.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -53.230000 * North-bound Latitude: 6.280000 * East-bound Longitude: -0.380000
Date/Time Start: 1755-05-28T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-07-12T00:00:00
Event(s):
Philadelphia_17550528_MCC_20_903 * Latitude Start: 4.900000 * Longitude Start: -1.350000 * Latitude End: 6.180000 * Longitude End: -55.410000 * Date/Time Start: 1755-05-28T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-07-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Philadelphia, Voyage: Elmina - Suriname, 1st Observer: J. Menkenveld (Schipper), Company: MCC
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Image number/name | Image no/name | Identification Number of the original image | |||
| 7 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 8 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 9 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 10 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 11 | Watch | Watch | Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships | |||
| 12 | Glasses | Glasses | Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses | |||
| 13 | Comment | Comment | Life on board | |||
| 14 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 15 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 16 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 17 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 18 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 19 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 20 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 21 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 22 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 23 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 24 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 25 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 26 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 27 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 28 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 29 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 30 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 31 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 32 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
832 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Image no/name (Identification Number of the ...) | 7 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 8 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 10 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 11 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...) | 12 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...) | 13 Comment (Life on board) | 14 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 15 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 16 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 17 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 18 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 20 ww (Weather description) | 21 Precip descr | 22 Cloud type | 23 Clearness | 24 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 25 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 26 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 27 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 28 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 29 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 30 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 31 Comment | 32 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1755-05-28T12:00 | 4.23 | -0.67 | 0.0 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | Z 1/2 O | 10.25 | -16 | AFNEMENDE KOELTE TOT DOODSTILTE | DIKKE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188099 | ||||||||||||
| 1755-05-29T12:00 | 3.90 | -0.38 | 209 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | ZO | 6.00 | -16 | ZW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE OOK STILTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188100 | |||||||||||
| 1755-05-30T12:00 | 3.92 | -1.13 | 187 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | W 3/4 N | 11.50 | -16 | ZZW | LABBERKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188101 | ||||||||||
| 1755-05-31T12:00 | 3.47 | -0.83 | 254 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | ZOTZ | 8.00 | -16 | WZW-W | LABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE | REGENBUI UIT ZO | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188102 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-01T12:00 | 2.90 | -0.73 | 187 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | ZTO | 7.00 | -16 | ZW-ZZW | LABBER BRAMZEILSKOELTE | KLARE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 188103 | |||||||||
| 1755-06-02T12:00 | 2.72 | -0.82 | 119 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | ZWTZ | 2.50 | -16 | ZTW-ZO | LABBER LUCHTJE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188104 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-03T12:00 | 2.52 | -1.58 | 0.0 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | SLAAF OVERLEDEN, NUMMER ONBEKEND. | WTZ 1/3 Z | 12.00 | -16 | VARIABEL EN MEEST STIL | REGEN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188105 | |||||||||||
| 1755-06-04T12:00 | 2.48 | -1.92 | 165 | MCC_20_903_0040 | VM | 8 | W 1/2 Z | 5.00 | -15 | Z | VARIABELE WIND | REGEN | DIKKE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188106 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-05T12:00 | 2.95 | -2.63 | 177 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 11.00 | -14 | ZO-ZTW | STIJVE MARSZEILSKOELTE TOT EEN BRAMZEILSKOELTE | DROOG WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188107 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-06T12:00 | 2.73 | -3.75 | 76 | 12.3 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 17.00 | -14 | NO-O | STIJVE KOELTE | REGEN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188108 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-07T12:00 | 2.42 | -4.88 | 144 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | WZW 1/3 W | 18.00 | -14 | ZTO-ZZO | MOOI WEER | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188109 | |||||||||||
| 1755-06-08T12:00 | 2.32 | -5.80 | 144 | 12.3 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 14.00 | -14 | ZTO-ZZO | STIJVE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188110 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-09T12:00 | 2.35 | -6.80 | 144 | 12.3 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 15.00 | -14 | ZZO | STIJVE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188111 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-10T13:00 | 2.32 | -7.78 | 147 | 9.3 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 15.00 | -11 | ZOTZ-ZZO | STIJVE MARSZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188112 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-11T13:00 | 2.48 | -8.72 | 180 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0041 | VM | 8 | W | 14.00 | -11 | Z-ZTW | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | DEIJSIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188113 | |||||||||
| 1755-06-12T13:00 | 2.38 | -9.58 | 169 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | W | 13.00 | -11 | OZO-Z | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | KLARE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188114 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-13T13:00 | 1.85 | -10.67 | 147 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 16.50 | -11 | ZTO-ZZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188115 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-14T13:00 | 1.17 | -12.03 | 135 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | WZW | 22.00 | -11 | ZZO-ZOTZ | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188116 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-15T13:00 | 0.33 | -13.48 | 137 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | WZW | 23.50 | -9 | ZO-ZOTZ | LABBERKOELTE EN EEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188117 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-16T13:00 | 0.17 | -14.95 | 149 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | VROUWSLAAF OVERLEDEN, NUMMER 89. | WTZ | 22.50 | -9 | ZZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 188118 | |||||||||
| 1755-06-17T13:00 | -0.55 | -16.68 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | WTZ | 26.50 | -9 | ZOT | LABBERKOELTE EN EEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 188119 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-18T13:00 | -0.62 | -18.05 | 152 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | W | 20.50 | -6 | ZZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188120 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-19T13:00 | -0.65 | -19.32 | 129 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0042 | VM | 8 | W | 19.00 | -6 | ZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188121 | |||||||||||
| 1755-06-20T13:00 | -0.58 | -21.25 | 129 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | 2 VROUWSLAVEN OVERLDEN, NUMMERS 14 EN NUMMER 64. | W | 29.00 | -6 | ZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 188122 | ||||||||
| 1755-06-21T14:00 | -0.48 | -23.15 | 109 | 4.9 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | W | 28.50 | -4 | ZO-OZO | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | KLARE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188123 | |||||||||
| 1755-06-22T14:00 | -0.50 | -25.15 | 97 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | W | 30.00 | -4 | OZO-OTZ | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | KLARE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188124 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-23T14:00 | -0.83 | -27.22 | 75 | 4.9 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | VROUWSLAAF IS IN DE CRAAM GEKOMEN. | WTZ | 31.50 | -4 | O-OTN | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188125 | |||||||||
| 1755-06-24T14:00 | -0.83 | -29.22 | 88 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | W | 27.00 | -2 | O | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188126 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-25T14:00 | -0.70 | -31.05 | 88 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | W | 24.50 | -2 | O | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188127 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-26T14:00 | -0.70 | -33.16 | 113 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0043 | VM | 8 | W | 28.50 | 0 | OZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188128 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-27T14:00 | -0.52 | -35.66 | 101 | 4.9 | MCC_20_903_0044 | VM | 8 | W | 34.50 | 0 | OTZ | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188129 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-29T15:00 | -0.43 | -39.76 | 92 | 4.9 | MCC_20_903_0044 | VM | 8 | WTN | 29.50 | 2 | O | FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188130 | ||||||||||
| 1755-06-30T15:00 | 1.00 | -41.75 | MCC_20_903_0044 | VM | 8 | VROUWSLAAF VAN DE GENERAAL DE GIETERE GEMERKT CD OVERLEDEN. | WNW | 29.00 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188131 | ||||||||||||||
| 1755-07-01T15:00 | 0.07 | -43.20 | 139 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0045 | VM | 8 | NW | 26.50 | 4 | ZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188132 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-02T15:00 | 2.50 | -45.02 | 128 | 4.9 | MCC_20_903_0045 | VM | 8 | WTN 1/3 N | 25.00 | 4 | ZO-ZOTO | EEN FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 188133 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-03T15:00 | 2.68 | -46.55 | 127 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0045 | VM | 8 | WTN 1/2 N | 21.00 | 3 | ZOTO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188134 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-04T15:00 | 2.97 | -48.04 | 117 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0046 | VM | 8 | WTN 1/3 N | 20.00 | 4 | OZO | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | KLARE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188135 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-05T15:00 | 3.32 | -49.54 | 162 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0046 | VM | 8 | WN 1/3 N | 20.00 | 4 | OZO-ZZO | EEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, OOK EEN MARSZEILSKOELTE | REGENBUIEN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188136 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-06T15:00 | 5.25 | -51.11 | 117 | 4.9 | MCC_20_903_0046 | VM | 8 | WTN | 21.00 | 4 | ZO-OZO | FRISSE EN OOK EEN GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | REGENBUIEN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188137 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-07T15:00 | 6.28 | -52.18 | 207 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0046 | VM | 8 | ZW 1/2 W | 17.00 | 4 | ZO-ZZW | LABBERKOELTE MET STILTE | REGENBUIEN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188138 | ||||||||||
| 1755-07-08T16:00 | 5.60 | -53.23 | 118 | MCC_20_903_0046 | CORANA WHOEK | ZOTZ | 4 | VM | 8 | ZWTZ | 19.50 | BEVONDEN ONS 2 GRADEN 50 MINUTEN OF 49.5 MIJL WESTELIJKER | 5 | OZO | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188139 | ||||||||
| 1755-07-09T00:00 | 90 | 4.6 | MCC_20_903_0047 | VM | 8 | OP DE GRONDEN VAN AMERIKA | O | GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188140 | |||||||||||||||
| 1755-07-10T00:00 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0047 | VM | 8 | LABBER LUCHTJE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188141 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1755-07-11T00:00 | 45 | 2.6 | MCC_20_903_0047 | VM | 8 | ONO-NO | LABBER LUCHTJE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188142 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1755-07-12T00:00 | MCC_20_903_0047 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 188143 |