García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PERSEVERENCE cruise from St. Helena to Benkulen started at 1806-06-24 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751164, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -30.479623 * Median Longitude: 45.457170 * South-bound Latitude: -39.920000 * West-bound Longitude: -10.300000 * North-bound Latitude: -4.920000 * East-bound Longitude: 101.970000
Date/Time Start: 1806-06-24T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1806-08-15T05:00:00
Event(s):
Perseverence_18060624_BL_L/MAR/B/255E * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: -6.670000 * Longitude End: 100.420000 * Date/Time Start: 1806-06-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1806-08-15T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Perseverence, Voyage: St Helena - Benkulen, 1st Observer: James Tweedale (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 7 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 8 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 9 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 10 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 11 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 12 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 13 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 14 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 15 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 16 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 17 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 18 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 19 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 20 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 21 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 22 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
851 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] | 5 ff [m/s] | 6 Course | 7 Distance [arbitrary units] | 8 Decl [deg] | 9 Wind dir descr | 10 Wind force descr | 11 ww | 12 Precip descr | 13 State sea descr | 14 Clearness | 15 Gusts | 16 Rain | 17 Fog | 18 Snow | 19 Thunder | 20 Hail | 21 Sea ice | 22 ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806-06-24T12:00 | -16.85 | -6.77 | 128 | 12.3 | S44W | 84.00 | -18 | SE, SBE, SEBS | FRESH TRADE WITH SOME SQUALLS | SOME RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187036 | |||
| 1806-06-25T13:00 | -18.62 | -7.50 | 120 | 9.3 | S22W | 118.00 | -15 | SSE, SEBE, SE | MODERATE TRADE WITH SOME SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187037 | ||||
| 1806-06-26T13:00 | -20.08 | -8.58 | 120 | 9.3 | S30W | 100.00 | -15 | SEBE, SEBS, SE | MODERATE TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187038 | |||
| 1806-06-27T13:00 | -21.93 | -9.50 | 362 | 9.3 | S27W | 123.00 | -15 | SE, SEBS, VARIABLE | MODERATE TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187039 | |||
| 1806-06-28T13:00 | -23.47 | -10.30 | 110 | 9.3 | S26W | 110.00 | -14 | SSE, SEBS, SE, SEBE | VARIABLE TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | SWELL FROM SSW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187040 | ||
| 1806-06-29T13:00 | -25.97 | -8.97 | 54 | 9.3 | S26E | 168.00 | -14 | ESE, E, EBN, ENE | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES INCREASING, LATTER PLEASANT GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187041 | |||
| 1806-06-30T12:00 | -28.88 | -5.97 | 40 | 9.3 | S42E | 246.00 | -16 | NE, NEBE | FRESH BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187042 | |||
| 1806-07-01T12:00 | -31.12 | -2.12 | 319 | 9.3 | S56E | 236.00 | -19 | NE, NNW | FRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLS | CLOUDY | RAIN AT TIMES | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187043 | ||
| 1806-07-02T12:00 | -31.10 | -0.07 | 362 | 9.3 | S89E | 114.00 | -19 | NNW, SBW, S, SBE, SSE, VARIABLE | FIRST PART VARIABLE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | FIRST PART RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187044 | ||
| 1806-07-03T12:00 | -31.47 | -0.98 | 150 | 2.6 | S72W | 67.00 | -19 | S, SBE | LIGHT BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187045 | |||
| 1806-07-04T12:00 | -32.55 | -2.13 | 106 | 2.6 | S38W | 83.00 | -18 | SSE, SEBS, SEBE | LIGHT BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187046 | |||
| 1806-07-05T12:00 | -33.43 | -1.50 | 5 | 2.9 | S28E | 63.00 | -18 | SSE, VARIABLE, SE, ESE, EBN, NE, NNE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT BREEZES LATTERLY INCREASING | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187047 | |||
| 1806-07-06T12:00 | -34.73 | 1.72 | 320 | 6.7 | S63E | 179.00 | -18 | NBE, N, NNW | PLEASANT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187048 | |||
| 1806-07-07T12:00 | -35.95 | 4.83 | 2 | 9.3 | S62E | 167.00 | -21 | NNW, NBW, N, NNE | STEADY BREEZES | DARK GLOOMY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187049 | |||
| 1806-07-08T11:00 | -37.50 | 8.65 | 362 | S63E | 205.00 | -22 | NE, NEBE, NEBN, NNE, NNW, VARIABLE | FIRST PART STEADY BREEZES, MIDDLE INCREASING, LATTER VARIABLE WINDS | LATTER HEAVY RAIN | FIRST PART DARK GLOOMY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187050 | |||
| 1806-07-09T11:00 | -37.93 | 10.60 | 316 | 6.7 | S76E | 119.00 | -22 | NE, NNE, NBW, NNW | MODERATE BREEZES | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187051 | |||
| 1806-07-10T11:00 | -39.13 | 12.48 | 23 | S48W | 106.00 | -22 | NNE, VARIABLE, ENE, EBN, NE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER VARIABLE WITH FREQUENT SMART SQUALLS | FIRST PART PLEASANT WEATHER, LATTER DARK CLOUDY WEATHER | LATTER RAIN AND HAIL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 187052 | |||
| 1806-07-11T11:00 | -39.70 | 12.18 | 113 | S22W | 36.00 | -22 | VARIABLE, E, ENE, EBS, SE | HEAVY SQUALLS | UNSETTLED | RAIN | CONFUSED SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187053 | ||
| 1806-07-12T11:00 | -39.83 | 14.08 | 256 | 13.1 | S85E | 84.00 | -25 | SE, VARIABLE, W, WBN | FIRST PART VARIABLE WINDS WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS, LATTER STEADY GALES INCREASING | LATTER DARK CLOUDY WEATHER | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187054 | ||
| 1806-07-13T11:00 | -39.10 | 18.80 | 232 | 9.3 | N84E | 216.00 | -27 | W, WBS | PLEASANT GALES WITH SMART SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187055 | ||||
| 1806-07-14T10:00 | -39.62 | 22.83 | 276 | S79E | 154.00 | -28 | WSW, VARIABLE, NBW, NNE, NWBW | VARIABLE UNSETTLED WINDS WITH SQUALLS | UNSETTLED WEATHER | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187056 | |||
| 1806-07-15T10:00 | -39.30 | 26.28 | 362 | N25E | 160.00 | -28 | NWBW, VARIABLE | FIRST PART SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187057 | ||||
| 1806-07-16T10:00 | -39.25 | 28.77 | 195 | 2.6 | N80E | 106.00 | -30 | VARIABLE, SSW, S, SBW, SW | LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187058 | |||
| 1806-07-17T10:00 | -39.53 | 31.78 | 362 | 12.3 | S38E | 140.00 | -30 | SSW, NW, NBW, VARIABLE | FIRST PART LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS, MIDDLE INCREASING, LATTER FRESH WINDS | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187059 | |||
| 1806-07-18T10:00 | -39.33 | 36.92 | 296 | 19.0 | S87E | 206.00 | -30 | NWBW, WBN, NWBN | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187060 | |||
| 1806-07-19T09:00 | -39.53 | 41.00 | 285 | 9.3 | S88W | 223.00 | -30 | NWBN, WNW, WBN, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS TREMENDOUS GALE WITH HEAVY SQUALLS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER PLEASANT WEATHER | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187061 | ||
| 1806-07-20T09:00 | -39.33 | 44.30 | 308 | 12.3 | N88E | 178.00 | -30 | NBE, N, NWBN, WBN, VARIABLE, NNW | FRESH WINDS AND SQUALLY | UNSETTLED | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187062 | |||
| 1806-07-21T09:00 | -39.43 | 46.70 | 195 | E | 127.00 | -30 | NNW, NWBW, VARIABLE, WSW, SW | VARIABLE WINDS | UNSETTLED | SEA DOWN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187063 | |||
| 1806-07-22T09:00 | -39.00 | 49.45 | 286 | N82E | 120.00 | -29 | S, VARIABLE, EBN, NE, NBE, NBW, NNW, NW | VARIABLE WINDS AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187064 | ||||
| 1806-07-23T08:00 | -38.57 | 53.35 | 310 | 19.0 | N84E | 189.00 | -28 | NW, WBN, W, NNW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187065 | |||
| 1806-07-24T08:00 | -38.13 | 57.32 | 287 | N85E | 180.00 | -28 | WNW, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, LATTER DECREASING | LATTER DARK CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187066 | ||||
| 1806-07-25T08:00 | -38.00 | 61.35 | 254 | 22.6 | N87E | 191.00 | -27 | NWBN, NBW, NWBW, WBN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS VARIABLE FRESH WINDS, LATTER HEAVY GALES | LATTER SQUALL OF HAIL | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS DARK GLOOMY WEATHER | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 187067 | ||
| 1806-07-26T08:00 | -37.35 | 65.48 | 249 | 9.3 | N79E | 202.00 | -21 | WBS, W | FRESH BREEZES | FREQUENT SQUALLS OF RAIN AND HAIL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 187068 | |||
| 1806-07-27T07:00 | -38.28 | 68.68 | 314 | 9.3 | S70E | 170.00 | -24 | WBS, VARIABLE, WSW, W, WNW, NNW | FRESH BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187069 | |||
| 1806-07-28T07:00 | -39.25 | 73.22 | 237 | S74E | 212.00 | -22 | NWBW, NW, WSW, WBS | FIRST PART PLEASANT GALES INCREASING MIDDLE TO STRONG GALES WITH SQUALLS, LATTER VARIABLE WINDS | LATTER DARK CLOUDY WEATHER | LATTER RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187070 | |||
| 1806-07-29T07:00 | -39.92 | 76.97 | 293 | 6.7 | S78E | 163.00 | -22 | W, WSW, WBS, VARIABLE, NW | MODERATE | MORE SETTLED | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187071 | |||
| 1806-07-30T07:00 | -38.80 | 81.05 | 227 | 19.0 | N71E | 197.00 | -21 | WNW, WSW | FRESH GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187072 | |||
| 1806-07-31T06:00 | -36.25 | 83.10 | 222 | 6.7 | N36E | 177.00 | -15 | WSW, SWBW | PLEASANT BREEZES | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187073 | |||
| 1806-08-01T06:00 | -34.75 | 84.63 | 279 | 6.7 | N38E | 116.00 | -15 | SW, WSW, WNW | PLEASANT WINDS | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187074 | |||
| 1806-08-02T06:00 | -32.93 | 86.60 | 335 | 9.3 | N42E | 147.00 | -15 | NNW, N, NBW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187075 | |||
| 1806-08-03T06:00 | -31.13 | 89.93 | 340 | 9.3 | N54E | 188.00 | -9 | N, NBW | STEADY FRESH BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187076 | |||
| 1806-08-04T06:00 | -29.38 | 91.68 | 261 | 6.7 | N36E | 120.00 | -9 | NNW, SW, WBS, W | PLEASANT BREEZES | CLOUDY | LIGHT SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187077 | ||
| 1806-08-05T06:00 | -26.97 | 94.05 | 219 | 9.3 | N37E | 183.00 | -6 | WNW, WBN, W, SW | FRESH BREEZES | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187078 | |||
| 1806-08-06T06:00 | -24.48 | 96.07 | 174 | 6.7 | N35E | 172.00 | -6 | SW, SSW, S | MODERATE BREEZES | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187079 | |||
| 1806-08-07T06:00 | -22.45 | 97.20 | 362 | 6.7 | N26E | 125.00 | -4 | SE, EBS, E, VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187080 | |||
| 1806-08-08T05:00 | -20.55 | 97.65 | 121 | 6.7 | N12E | 120.00 | -3 | EBS, E, ESE, SEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | RAIN AT TIMES | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187081 | ||
| 1806-08-09T05:00 | -18.67 | 99.20 | 177 | 6.7 | N47E | 159.00 | -3 | SSE, S | MODERATE BREEZES | RAIN | DARK CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187082 | ||
| 1806-08-10T05:00 | -15.62 | 100.02 | 122 | 12.3 | N16E | 188.00 | -2 | SEBS, SEBE | MODERATE STEADY TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187083 | |||
| 1806-08-11T05:00 | -12.35 | 100.25 | 362 | 9.3 | N6E | 195.00 | 0 | SE, ESE, VARIABLE | VARIABLE TRADE WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187084 | |||
| 1806-08-12T05:00 | -10.00 | 100.00 | 113 | 12.3 | N14E | 160.00 | 0 | E, EBS, ESE | STEADY TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187085 | |||
| 1806-08-13T05:00 | -7.38 | 101.00 | 91 | 9.3 | N13E | 160.00 | 1 | EBS, E | MODERATE TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187086 | |||
| 1806-08-14T05:00 | -5.63 | 101.48 | 362 | N25E | 112.00 | 1 | EBS, SEBE, SE, NE, VARIABLE | FIRST PART PLEASANT WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER VARIABLE WITH SQUALLS | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187087 | ||||
| 1806-08-15T05:00 | -4.92 | 101.97 | 181 | N38E | 52.00 | 1 | E, VARIABLE, SSE, S | VARIABLE WINDS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 187088 |