Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -19.513253 * Median Longitude: 50.884578 * South-bound Latitude: -39.330000 * West-bound Longitude: -1.380000 * North-bound Latitude: 6.120000 * East-bound Longitude: 94.770000

Date/Time Start: 1805-04-07T06:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1805-06-28T12:00:00

Event(s):

Perseverence_18050407_BL_L/MAR/B/255D * Latitude Start: 9.170000 * Longitude Start: 92.590000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1805-04-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1805-06-28T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Perseverence, Voyage: Malacca - St Helena, 1st Observer: James Tweedale (Captain), Company: EIC

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
10	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14	Current speed description	V descr
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Clearness	Clearness
20	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
21	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
22	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
23	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
24	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
26	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1364 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	14 V descr	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 ww (Weather description)	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Clearness	20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	21 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1805-04-07T06:00	6.12	94.77	92	2.6	PULO RONDO	S86E	8			2	NWBW, SW, VARIABLE, E			LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS	CLOUDY				0	0	0	186953
1805-04-08T06:00	5.00	93.72	47					S45W	89.00	2	NWBN, NBW, NE, NE			VARIABLE WINDS, LATTER SQUALLY		LATTER HEAVY RAIN		THICK CLOUDY WEATHER	0	1	1	186954
1805-04-09T06:00	4.10	93.17	283	2.6				S21W	63.00	2	NW, SW, WBS, W1/2S, WBN			FIRST AND LATER PARTS LIGHT WINDS, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES	CLOUDY				0	0	0	186955
1805-04-10T06:00	3.23	92.92	261	2.6				S16W	54.00	2	W1/2S, NW, WBN, WSW, WBS			LIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLY		LATTER HEAVY RAIN			0	1	0	186956
1805-04-11T06:00	3.77	93.37	362	2.6				N50W	18.00	2	W, S, SBW, SWBS, SW, SSW, VARIABLE			LIGHT WINDS	CLOUDY		LONG SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	186957
1805-04-12T06:00	3.87	93.05	25	2.6				S85W	20.00	2	VARIABLE, SBW, SE, E, NE, NNE			LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS	PLEASANT WEATHER		SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	186958
1805-04-13T06:00	3.37	92.52	47	2.6				S45W	40.00	2	NNE, N, NBE, NE			LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS	CLOUDY				0	0	0	186959
1805-04-14T06:00	3.38	91.88	81	1.0				S50W	40.00	2	NNE, NEBE, NE, ENE, EBN			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS VARIABLE WINDS, LATTER LIGHT AIRS	CLOUDY, LATTER PLEASANT WEATHER		HEAVY SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	186960
1805-04-15T06:00	2.75	91.38	362					S34W	56.00	2	NE, E, NBE, NWBN, NEBE, VARIABLE			VARIABLE WINDS	CLOUDY	HARD RAIN AT TIMES	SWELL		0	1	0	186961
1805-04-16T06:00	2.50	90.43	182	2.6				S50W	45.00	2	E, SEBE, SE, SSE, S			LIGHT WINDS WITH SQUALLS		FIRST PART RAIN	HEAVY SW SWELL		0	1	0	186962
1805-04-17T06:00	2.30	90.35	182	2.6				S44W	30.00	2	VARIABLE, N, WBN, S, S			LIGHT WINDS	MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY	FIRST PART RAIN	SWELL		0	1	0	186963
1805-04-18T06:00	2.03	90.93	362	2.6				S43E	51.00	2	SBW, WSW, EBS, SWBW, SSW, VARIABLE	NE	STRONG	LIGHT WINDS	FINE		HEAVY SW SWELL		0	0	0	186964
1805-04-19T06:00	1.67	92.37	227	6.7				S56E	69.00	2	SW	NE	STRONG	MODERATE WIND	CLOUDY		SWELL		0	0	0	186965
1805-04-20T06:00	1.50	93.17	205	2.6				S40E	30.00	2	SSW	NE	STRONG	LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS	FINE				0	0	0	186966
1805-04-21T06:00	0.95	93.58	295	2.6				S	39.00	2	WSW, NWBW, VARIABLE, WNW			LIGHT WINDS	CLOUDY		SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	186967
1805-04-22T06:00	0.30	93.73	362	2.6				S24W	39.00	2	SWBW, ESE, NNE, SBW, S, VARIABLE			LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS	FAIR				0	0	0	186968
1805-04-23T06:00	-0.22	93.75	160	2.6				S12W	53.00	2	SSW, S, SSE			LIGHT WINDS	PLEASANT WEATHER				0	0	0	186969
1805-04-24T06:00	-1.07	93.05	92	2.6				S47W	62.00	2	SSE, NW, VARIABLE, E			LIGHT WINDS, VARIABLE AND SQUALLY IN MIDDLE PART					0	0	0	186970
1805-04-25T06:00	-2.02	91.90	115	6.7				S44W	76.00	2	SE, ESE			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT WINDS, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES	PLEASANT WEATHER				0	0	0	186971
1805-04-26T06:00	-3.23	90.62	114	6.7				S46W	92.00	1	SEBE, SE, ESE			LIGHT TRADE	FINE		HEAVY SWELL FROM S		0	0	0	186972
1805-04-27T06:00	-4.12	89.80	114	2.6				S48W	63.00	1	E, SEBS, ESE			LIGHT WINDS	MIDDLE FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	LATTER SOME RAIN	LONG SWELL FROM SSE		0	1	0	186973
1805-04-28T06:00	-5.23	89.10	147					S48W	73.00	1	SEBE, SSE, ENE, SE, EBN, SEBS			VARIABLE AND SQUALLY		RAIN			0	1	0	186974
1805-04-29T06:00	-6.63	87.50	136	12.3				S46W	121.00	1	EBS, SE			FIRST PART LIGHT WINDS, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH TRADE	LATTER PLEASANT WEATHER	MIDDLE RAIN			0	1	0	186975
1805-04-30T06:00	-8.25	85.42	158	12.3				S49W	142.00	0	SE, SSE			STEADY TRADE	FINE		LONG SWELL FROM S		0	0	0	186976
1805-05-01T06:00	-9.45	83.60	158	9.3				S56W	114.00	0	SE, SSE			MODERATE TRADE	PLEASANT WEATHER				0	0	0	186977
1805-05-02T07:00	-10.82	81.68	145	12.3				S48W	140.00	-1	SSE, SE, SEBS			FRESH TRADE	FINE, CLOUDY				0	0	0	186978
1805-05-03T07:00	-12.33	79.04	134	12.3				S54W	155.00	-1	SEBS, SE			FIRST PART MODERATE WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY		MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN			0	1	0	186979
1805-05-04T07:00	-13.95	76.39	131	12.3				S48W	140.00	-4	SE			FRESH TRADE	FINE, CLOUDY				0	0	0	186980
1805-05-05T07:00	-15.57	73.75	109	12.3				S56W	180.00	-4	SE, E, ESE			FRESH TRADE	CLOUDY	RAIN AT TIMES	HEAVY SEA FROM SSE		0	1	0	186981
1805-05-06T07:00	-17.80	71.57	116	9.3				S42W	178.00	-8	ESE, SEBE			PLEASANT TRADE	FINE				0	0	0	186982
1805-05-07T07:00	-20.25	69.05	362	12.3				S41W	186.00	-8	ESE, VARIABLE			FRESH TRADE AND SQUALLY		SHOWERS OF RAIN			1	1	0	186983
1805-05-08T08:00	-21.70	65.88	80	6.7				S59W	178.00	-10	E			PLEASANT BREEZES	VERY FINE WEATHER				0	0	0	186984
1805-05-09T08:00	-23.08	63.52	32	6.7				S55W	144.00	-13	ENE, NEBE, NE			MODERATE BREEZES	PLEASANT WEATHER				0	0	0	186985
1805-05-10T08:00	-23.67	61.70	143	2.6				S52W	52.00	-15	NNE, NBW, VARIABLE, NE, SE, SSE			VARIABLE LIGHT WINDS		MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN			0	1	0	186986
1805-05-11T08:00	-23.43	61.70	199	6.7				N74W	47.00	-15	S, SW, SWBS			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT WINDS, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES	CLOUDY		HEAVY SWELL FROM S		0	0	0	186987
1805-05-12T08:00	-23.40	60.72	120	2.6				S80W	57.00	-15	SBW, S, SE			LIGHT WINDS	FINE		HEAVY SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	186988
1805-05-13T08:00	-23.90	58.22	120	6.7				S74W	136.00	-15	SSE, SEBE, ESE, VARIABLE, SE			MODERATE WINDS	CLOUDY		SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	186989
1805-05-14T08:00	-24.58	56.15	61	6.7				S73W	140.00	-18	ESE, E, EBN			PLEASANT BREEZES	MOSTLY FINE			LATTER GLOOMY	0	0	0	186990
1805-05-15T08:00	-25.55	52.73	362	9.3				S70W	168.00	-18	E, EBN, ENE, NE, VARIABLE			FRESH BREEZES	CLOUDY	RAIN			0	1	0	186991
1805-05-16T09:00	-25.87	50.85	138					S71W	107.00	-20	EBN, VARIABLE, NW, SE, E, ESE, SBE, SSE			FIRST PART VARIABLE WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER VARIABLE BREEZES	CLOUDY, FIRST PART THICK		SWELL FROM SE		0	0	0	186992
1805-05-17T09:00	-26.42	49.37	25					S68W	76.00	-20	SSE, SBW, VARIABLE, SW, NE			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES	CLOUDY	SOME RAIN			0	1	0	186993
1805-05-18T09:00	-26.87	48.58	25	7.3				S66W	53.00	-20	NNE, ENE, NBE, NE			FIRST PART NEARLY CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER INCREASING BREEZE	FINE, CLOUDY				0	0	0	186994
1805-05-19T09:00	-27.33	47.75	273	2.6				S62W	60.00	-20	NE, VARIABLE, NBE, NWBN, NBW, SWBS, WNW			FIRST PART VARIABLE AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT WINDS	FIRST PART RAIN	FIRST PART RAIN		MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR	0	1	0	186995
1805-05-20T09:00	-27.52	47.07	88	2.6				S66W	28.00	-25	N, E, ENE, ESE			LIGHT WINDS	FINE			CLEAR	0	0	0	186996
1805-05-21T09:00	-28.08	45.35	88					S72W	112.00	-25	EBS, E, EBN, ESE			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER HEAVY SQUALL		LATTER RAIN			0	1	1	186997
1805-05-22T09:00	-28.30	42.65	121	2.6				S86W	82.00	-25	ESE, SSW, VARIABLE, S, SEBS			LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS	FINE, CLOUDY				0	0	0	186998
1805-05-23T09:00	-28.47	40.18	86	6.7				S84W	117.00	-27	SBE, SE, SEBE, ESE			MODERATE BREEZES			HEAVY CONFUSED SWELL		0	0	0	186999
1805-05-24T09:00	-28.57	37.90	86	6.7				S85W	127.00	-27	SE, SEBE, ESE			PLEASANT BREEZES	UNCOMMONLY FINE WEATHER		SWELL DOWN		0	0	0	187000
1805-05-25T10:00	-28.97	36.52	343	1.0				S75W	91.00	-28	SEBE, EBS, ENE, NBE			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS	FINE				0	0	0	187001
1805-05-26T10:00	-29.22	35.50	152	6.7				S66W	58.00	-28	NBE, N, NBW, WNW, WSW, SWBS, SBW, S			VARIABLE WINDS ENDING IN PLEASANT BREEZES	FINE				0	0	1	187002
1805-05-27T10:00	-29.57	33.80	51					S76W	99.00	-28	SSW, S, ESE, EBS, EBN			MODERATE BREEZES, FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY TOWARDS NOON	CLOUDY				0	0	1	187003
1805-05-28T10:00	-30.93	30.55	40	6.7				S70W	168.00	-28	ENE			PLEASANT BREEZES	FINE			LATTER VERY HAZY	0	0	1	187004
1805-05-29T10:00	-32.35	29.60	107	1.0				S10W	29.00	-28	NE, NW, WBN, NW, SWBW, SE			LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE				HAZY	0	0	0	187005
1805-05-30T10:00	-34.25	27.75	354	6.7				S32W	109.00	-29	SBE, SSE, SE, SEBE, NEBN, NNE			MODERATE BREEZES				HAZY AND FAIR	0	0	0	187006
1805-05-31T10:00	-34.32	26.87	259	22.6				N80W	18.00	-28	NNE, NWBN, WBS, WBN1/2N			FIRST PART LIGHT GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES		MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN			0	1	1	187007
1805-06-01T10:00	-34.88	25.33	40	7.3				S74W	48.00	-28	WNW, W, VARIABLE, SE, NNE, NE, ENE			VARIABLE WINDS, INCREASING BREEZE			HEAVY WESTERLY SWELL	HAZY	0	0	0	187008
1805-06-02T11:00	-36.23	22.23	344	6.7				S77W	116.00	-27	EBN, NE, ENE, NBE			FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE	FINE			CLEAR	0	0	1	187009
1805-06-03T11:00	-36.42	21.20	176	2.6				N86E	40.00	-27	N, NNE, NW, WBN, SWBW, SSW			LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS	FINE				0	0	0	187010
1805-06-04T11:00	-36.90	21.07	311	19.0				S20W	30.00	-27	S, E, NBW, NNW			FIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE BLOWING HARD, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY	FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY				0	0	1	187011
1805-06-05T11:00	-37.48	20.48	254	19.0				S20W	47.00	-27	NNW, NW, WBN			FRESH GALES WITH HARD SUALLS		RAIN			0	1	0	187012
1805-06-06T11:00	-36.55	20.17	288	6.7				N12W	60.00	-27	W, WBS, NW			MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY	CLOUDY				0	0	0	187013
1805-06-07T11:00	-37.03	20.77	277	19.0				S34E	42.00	-27	W, WBN, NWBW			FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY	CLOUDY				0	0	0	187014
1805-06-08T11:00	-37.88	20.38	322	22.6				S14W	47.00	-27	NW, NBW			FIRST PART MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES			MUCH SEA	HAZY	0	0	0	187015
1805-06-09T11:00	-37.58	20.77	232	27.4				N20E	20.00	-27	NNW, N, VARIABLE, WBS			BLOWING VERY HARD TILL 3AM WHEN IT MODERATED	FIRST PART FINE, HEAVY CLOUDS	LATTER SOME RAIN	HEAVY NW SEA		0	1	0	187016
1805-06-10T11:00	-37.15	20.77	187	6.7				N	26.00	-27	WBN, VARIABLE, SWBS			MODERATE BREEZES		LATTER RAIN		VERY HAZY	0	1	0	187017
1805-06-11T11:00	-39.33	20.40	362	19.0				N70W	20.00	-27	W, VARIABLE			FRESH BREEZES, LATTER STRONG WINDS WITH HEAVY SQUALLS				CLOUDY, LATTER THREATENING	0	0	0	187018
1805-06-12T11:00	-37.72	17.93	232	19.0				N36W	115.00	-27	VARIABLE, SW, WBS			FIRST PART VARIABLE WINDS WITH HEAVY SQUALLS, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY					0	0	0	187019
1805-06-13T11:00	-36.05	17.77	288	6.7				N8W	67.00	-27	WBN, WNW, NW			MODERATE BREEZES	FINE, CLOUDY		SEA MUCH FALLEN		0	0	0	187020
1805-06-14T11:00	-35.03	17.37	223	2.6				N20W	61.00	-25	NW, VARIABLE, W, WSW			FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT WINDS	MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR	FIRST PART RAIN			0	1	0	187021
1805-06-15T11:00	-33.75	15.97	133	6.7				N40W	107.00	-25	SW, S, SSE			PLEASANT BREEZES	VERY FINE				0	0	0	187022
1805-06-16T11:00	-32.65	14.27	223					N50W	104.00	-25	SSE, SW, WSW				VERY FINE WEATHER				0	0	0	187023
1805-06-17T11:00	-31.60	13.18	244	2.6				N30W	81.00	-26	WSW, WBS, W			LIGHT WINDS	PLEASANT WEATHER				0	0	0	187024
1805-06-18T11:00	-30.22	11.63	145	9.3				N36W	99.00	-24	VARIABLE, WBS, SBE			FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES				HAZY	0	0	0	187025
1805-06-19T11:00	-28.42	9.27	134	9.3				N45W	154.00	-24	SBE, SSE			MODERATE TRADE	CLOUDY				0	0	0	187026
1805-06-20T12:00	-26.83	6.95	147	12.3				N44W	133.00	-22	SBW, SBE			STEADY FRESH TRADE	CLOUDY				0	0	0	187027
1805-06-21T12:00	-25.15	5.67	136	6.7				N41W	121.00	-22	SEBS, SSE			LIGHT TRADE	FINE, CLOUDY				0	0	0	187028
1805-06-22T12:00	-23.77	4.40	136	6.7				N41W	110.00	-22	SBE, SSE			LIGHT TRADE	PLEASANT WEATHER				0	0	0	187029
1805-06-23T12:00	-23.30	2.50	138	2.6				N42W	71.00	-20	SSE			LIGHT WINDS	CLOUDY		HEAVY SWELL FROM SE		0	0	0	187030
1805-06-24T12:00	-22.87	2.33	250	2.6				N41W	30.00	-20	SSE, WSW, WBS, W			VARIABLE LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS	FINE, CLOUDY				0	0	0	187031
1805-06-25T12:00	-22.73	2.00	340	2.6				N24W	9.00	-20	VARIABLE, N			VARIABLE LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS	FINE		HEAVY SWELL FROM SW		0	0	0	187032
1805-06-26T12:00	-22.17	1.45	183	1.2				N43W	41.00	-20	WSW, SE, VARIABLE, SEBS, SSW			LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS INCREASING TOWARDS NOON					0	0	0	187033
1805-06-27T12:00	-20.63	0.07	149	9.3				N35W	108.00	-20	SBE			PLEASANT TRADE	FINE				0	0	0	187034
1805-06-28T12:00	-18.83	-1.38	171	9.3				N35W	137.00	-20	SBW			MODERATE TRADE	FINE				0	0	0	187035