Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 35.972778 * Median Longitude: -75.266389 * South-bound Latitude: 30.820000 * West-bound Longitude: -80.050000 * North-bound Latitude: 39.030000 * East-bound Longitude: -72.500000

Date/Time Start: 1778-10-02T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-11-06T17:00:00

Event(s):

Perseus_17781002_NMM_ADM/L/P143 * Latitude Start: 31.830000 * Longitude Start: -77.920000 * Latitude End: 40.670000 * Longitude End: -74.040000 * Date/Time Start: 1778-10-02T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-11-06T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Perseus (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Charlestown - New York, 1st Observer: George Keith Elphinstone (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 20G 429BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
15	Precipitation description	Precip descr
16	State of the sea description	State sea descr
17	Clearness	Clearness
18	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
19	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
20	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
21	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
22	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
24	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

676 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	15 Precip descr	16 State sea descr	17 Clearness	18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	19 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1778-10-02T17:00	30.82	-80.05	162	1.0	ST AUGUSTINE	S33W	20		N33E	59.00	4	ESE, SE, SSE	LIGHT AIRS			CLEAR	0	0	186484
1778-10-03T17:00	32.45	-78.85	117	6.7	ST AUGUSTINE	S29W	59		N28E	111.00	4	SE, SEBE, ESE	MODERATE			CLEAR	0	0	186485
1778-10-04T17:00	32.53	-78.65	2	19.0	CHARLES TOWN	N86W	29		S86E	88.00	2	SW, SSE, NBE, N	MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES			CLEAR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	186486
1778-10-05T17:00	32.05	-78.46	38	19.0	ST AUGUSTINE	N69W	32		S4E	32.00	4	NEBN, NE, NEBN	FRESH GALES			HAZY	0	0	186487
1778-10-06T17:00	32.75	-78.08	103	19.0	ST AUGUSTINE	S86W	34		N16E	43.00	2	NE, NEBE, ENE, EBS	FRESH GALES			HAZY	0	0	186488
1778-10-07T17:00	32.57	-78.24	103	19.0	ST AUGUSTINE	S83W	23		S56W	19.00	2	EBN, E, EBS	FRESH GALES			HAZY	0	0	186489
1778-10-08T17:00	32.63	-77.17	90	22.6	ST AUGUSTINE	W	35		N77E	19.00	0	E, ESE, E	STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY		GREAT SEA RUNNING		0	0	186490
1778-10-09T17:00	33.77	-76.22	124	19.0	ST AUGUSTINE	S68W	28		N45E	96.00	0	ESE, SE, SEBE	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY				0	0	186491
1778-10-10T17:00	35.53	-75.04	180	19.0	CAPE HATTERAS	S40W	9		N22E	114.00	0	SSE, S	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY	RAIN			0	1	186492
1778-10-11T17:00	38.05	-74.90	200	19.0	SANDY HOOK	N14:58W	50		N3E	151.00	-3	SE, SSW	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY				0	0	186493
1778-10-12T17:00	37.67	-74.50	20	6.7	SANDY HOOK	N9W	57		S27E	26.00	-3	WSW, NNE	FIRST AND MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE				0	0	186494
1778-10-13T17:00	37.43	-75.65	68	9.3	HOG ISLAND	WSW	3	1			0	NNE, NE, E, ENE	FRESH BREEZES			CLEAR	0	0	186495
1778-10-14T17:00	36.77	-75.47	360	2.6	HOG ISLAND	N13W	15		S13E	45.00	0	ENE, N	LIGHT BREEZES			CLEAR	0	0	186496
1778-10-15T17:00	36.80	-75.12	23	2.6	CAPE HENRY	WNW	8				0	N, NEBN, NNE	LIGHT BREEZES			CLEAR	0	0	186497
1778-10-16T17:00	37.03	-74.75	349	2.6	CAPE HENRY	S86:00W	20		N86E	60.00	0	NBE, NNW, NBW	LIGHT BREEZES			HAZY	0	0	186498
1778-10-17T17:00	36.97	-75.20	56	19.0	CAPE HENRY	W	13		S99W	22.00	0	NEBN, NE, NEBE	FRESH GALES			CLOUDY	0	0	186499
1778-10-18T17:00	35.93	-74.37	34	19.0	CAPE HENRY	N53W	34		S34E	74.00	0	NEBN, NE, NEBN	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY			CLOUDY	0	0	186500
1778-10-19T17:00	36.22	-75.00	34	1.0	CAPE HENRY	N49W	22		N61W	34.00	0	NEBN, NE, NEBN	FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER LIGHT AIRS				0	0	186501
1778-10-20T17:00	36.30	-75.00	34	6.7	CAPE HENRY	N51W	21		N	5.00	0	NBE, NE, NEBN	MODERATE			CLEAR	0	0	186502
1778-10-21T17:00	37.00	-74.88	248		CAPE HENRY	W	15		N8E	48.00	0	ESE, SE, WSW				FINE AND PLEASANT	0	0	186503
1778-10-22T17:00	37.43	-75.00	135		CAPE HENRY	S66W	24		N17E	27.00	0	WSW, SW, SE				FINE AND PLEASANT	0	0	186504
1778-10-23T17:00	37.50	-74.62	87	1.0	CAPE HENRY	S68W	27		N70E	13.00	-3	S, S, E	LIGHT AIRS, 4PM STRONG GALES			HAZY, 4PM CLOUDY	0	0	186505
1778-10-24T17:00	37.63	-74.55	42	9.3	CAPE HENRY	S57W	24		N24W	5.00	-3	E, EBN, NE	FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES			FAIR	0	0	186506
1778-10-25T17:00	37.10	-74.33	23	6.7	CAPE HENRY	S38W	23		S20E	34.00	0	NE, NEBN, NNE	MODERATE			CLOUDY	0	0	186507
1778-10-26T17:00	36.42	-74.10	23	6.7	CAPE HENRY	N68W	29		S17E	76.00	0	N, EBS, NBE, NEBN, NNE	MODERATE			CLOUDY	0	0	186508
1778-10-27T17:00	36.58	-74.72	45	2.6	CAPE HENRY	N71W	11		N71W	22.00	0	NNE, EBN, ENE, NE	LIGHT BREEZES			CLEAR	0	0	186509
1778-10-28T17:00	36.67	-74.40	225	2.6	CAPE HENRY	N75W	23		N71E	16.00	0	SW	LIGHT BREEZES			CLEAR	0	0	186510
1778-10-29T17:00	37.02	-73.07	45	1.0	CAPE HENRY	N68W	31		S51E	38.00	0	NW, NNW, N, NE	LIGHT AIRS			CLEAR	0	0	186511
1778-10-30T17:00	36.22	-74.17	45	1.0	CAPE HENRY	N62W	31		S70W	13.00	0	NEBN, NNE, ENE, NE	LIGHT AIRS			CLEAR	0	0	186512
1778-10-31T17:00	36.43	-74.38	68	1.0	CAPE HENRY	N67W	27		N36W	26.00	0	ESE, NE, ENE	LIGHT AIRS			CLEAR	0	0	186513
1778-11-01T17:00	36.50	-74.38	68	9.3	CAPE HENRY	N67W	26		N	4.00	0	NE, NNE, ENE	FRESH BREEZES			CLOUDY	0	0	186514
1778-11-02T17:00	35.78	-74.05	23	22.6	CAPE HENRY	N52W	38		S22E	46.00	0	NNE	STRONG GALES	HEAVY SQUALLS OF RAIN	A GREAT SEA		1	1	186515
1778-11-03T17:00	36.90	-73.30	270	9.3	CAPE HENRY	N86W	12		N28E	78.00	0	NWBW, WBN, W	FIRST AND MID FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH BREEZES	RAIN		LATTER CLEAR	0	1	186516
1778-11-04T17:00	37.87	-73.05	278	9.3	SANDY HOOK	N14W	53		N13E	57.00	-3	WSW, WBN	FIRST AND MID FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH BREEZES	RAIN		LATTER CLEAR	0	1	186517
1778-11-05T17:00	38.67	-73.37	323	19.0	CAPE HENLOPEN	N84W	26		N17W	50.00	-3	W, NW, WBS, NWBN	FRESH GALES		HEAVY SWELL FROM THE NW	CLOUDY	0	0	186518
1778-11-06T17:00	39.03	-72.50	335	22.6	SANDY HOOK	N54W	26		N6E	46.00	-3	WNW, NW, NNW	STRONG GALES AND HARD SQUALLS				0	0	186519