García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PENZANCE cruise from Portland to St. Johns started at 1755-06-28 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751144, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 47.547778 * Median Longitude: -25.108056 * South-bound Latitude: 45.330000 * West-bound Longitude: -50.400000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.250000 * East-bound Longitude: -6.020000
Date/Time Start: 1755-06-28T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-08-03T00:00:00
Event(s):
Penzance_17550628_NMM_ADM/L/P93 * Latitude Start: 49.230000 * Longitude Start: -6.020000 * Latitude End: 47.670000 * Longitude End: -52.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1755-06-28T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-08-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Penzance (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Portland - St John'S Newfoundland, 1st Observer: Richard Dorrill (Captain), 2nd Observer: Lt Thomas Burnett (1st Officer/Master/Author), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 44G. 814BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 17 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 18 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 19 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 20 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 22 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 23 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
705 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 Clearness | 17 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 18 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 19 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 20 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 21 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 22 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 23 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1755-06-28T12:00 | 49.23 | -6.02 | 263 | 6.7 | LIZARD | NE | 19 | SW | 58.00 | -18 | SW, WBN | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186055 | ||
| 1755-06-29T12:00 | 48.35 | -7.38 | 286 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N41:54E | 43 | S53W | 87.00 | -18 | WBS, NWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186056 | ||
| 1755-06-30T13:00 | 49.25 | -9.18 | 196 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N74:50E | 53 | N58W | 78.00 | -18 | NWBW, SWBS | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186057 | ||
| 1755-07-01T13:00 | 48.23 | -9.48 | 252 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N58:47E | 66 | S14W | 63.00 | -18 | SSW, W | THE FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186058 | ||
| 1755-07-02T13:00 | 47.20 | -10.07 | 343 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N52:00E | 89 | S34W | 75.00 | -17 | WBS, N | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186059 | ||
| 1755-07-03T13:00 | 46.58 | -11.28 | 253 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N52:00E | 109 | S54W | 63.00 | -17 | N, W | FIRST AND LATTER PART MODERATE, MIDDLE PART FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186060 | |||
| 1755-07-04T13:00 | 46.87 | -12.13 | 298 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N58:00E | 117 | WNW | 40.00 | -17 | NWBN, NW | LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186061 | |||
| 1755-07-05T13:00 | 47.57 | -13.22 | 352 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N68E | 135 | N48W | 65.00 | -19 | NW, NBE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS | FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186062 | ||
| 1755-07-06T13:00 | 47.60 | -14.68 | 285 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N72E | 142 | N78W | 67.00 | -19 | WBN, NWBW | FIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186063 | ||
| 1755-07-07T13:00 | 47.53 | -15.30 | 217 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N72E | 154 | N82W | 38.00 | -19 | NW, SWBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186064 | |||
| 1755-07-08T13:00 | 47.93 | -16.50 | 296 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N76E | 170 | N65W | 59.00 | -19 | SW, NW | FIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER RAIN | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186065 | |
| 1755-07-09T13:00 | 48.25 | -17.53 | 251 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N79W | 182 | N67W | 52.00 | -19 | NWBW, W | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND | FIRST AND LATTER RAIN | MIDDLE FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186066 | |
| 1755-07-10T13:00 | 48.03 | -17.53 | 217 | 26.8 | LIZARD | N78W | 182 | S02E | 12.00 | -19 | NBW, SWBW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD GALES AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER MUCH RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186067 | ||
| 1755-07-11T13:00 | 46.78 | -17.53 | 254 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N71W | 190 | S | 75.00 | -16 | NW, W | HARD GALES AND SQUALLY THE FIRST PART, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER SOME RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186068 | ||
| 1755-07-12T13:00 | 46.80 | -18.18 | 277 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N72W | 199 | N89W | 28.00 | -16 | WBS, WNW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY THESE 24 HOURS | MUCH RAIN THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186069 | ||
| 1755-07-13T13:00 | 45.33 | -18.75 | 299 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N65W | 216 | S15W | 92.00 | -16 | WNW, NW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY THESE 24 HOURS | SOME RAIN THESE 24 HOUS | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186070 | ||
| 1755-07-14T13:00 | 46.08 | -19.33 | 299 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N69W | 220 | N59W | 49.00 | -16 | WBN, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186071 | |
| 1755-07-15T13:00 | 45.92 | -20.15 | 310 | LIZARD | N69W | 230 | WBS1/4S | 36.00 | -16 | WBN, NWBN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH GALES | MIDDLE MUCH RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186072 | ||
| 1755-07-16T13:00 | 45.60 | -20.97 | 232 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N70W | 244 | S61W | 39.00 | -16 | NW, WSW | FIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND LATTER PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186073 | ||
| 1755-07-17T13:00 | 46.60 | -22.22 | 299 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N75W | 260 | N46W | 87.00 | -16 | WSW, W, WNW, NW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE HARD GALES AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PART CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186074 | |
| 1755-07-18T14:00 | 46.38 | -24.20 | 198 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N75W | 272 | W1/2S | 43.00 | -16 | WNW, NW, SWBS | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186075 | ||
| 1755-07-19T14:00 | 47.50 | -27.40 | 229 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N81W | 308 | N63W | 146.00 | -19 | SWBW, WSW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES, MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186076 | ||
| 1755-07-20T14:00 | 48.62 | -29.70 | 240 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N88W | 340 | N54W | 116.00 | -19 | W, WBS | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MODERATE | MIDDLE SOME RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER HAZY, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186077 | |
| 1755-07-21T14:00 | 48.55 | -30.57 | 150 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N85W | 350 | S84W | 35.00 | -19 | WBS, SBE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS, LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186078 | ||
| 1755-07-22T14:00 | 47.78 | -31.47 | 319 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N84W | 364 | S38W | 59.00 | -19 | S, NNW | THESE 24 HOURS LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186079 | ||
| 1755-07-23T14:00 | 47.78 | -32.98 | 217 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N84W | 384 | WEST | 60.00 | -19 | N, SWBW | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186080 | ||
| 1755-07-24T14:00 | 48.50 | -34.35 | 274 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N86W | 400 | N38W | 70.00 | -19 | WSW, WNW | THESE 24 HOURS MODERATE | THESE 24 HOURS FOGGY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186081 | ||
| 1755-07-25T14:00 | 48.50 | -35.77 | 172 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N86W | 419 | WEST | 56.00 | -19 | WSW, SBW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE CALM | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186082 | ||
| 1755-07-26T15:00 | 48.08 | -39.17 | 284 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N87W | 467 | W3/4S | 146.00 | -20 | SBW, NWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES | LATTER SOME RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186083 | |
| 1755-07-27T15:00 | 48.03 | -39.98 | 149 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N85W | 478 | W1/2S | 34.00 | -20 | N, SBE | LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS THESE 24 HOURS | MUCH RAIN THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186084 | ||
| 1755-07-28T15:00 | 48.08 | -42.98 | 238 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N86W | 518 | S88W | 120.00 | -21 | SE, WBS | THIS 24 HOURS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | MUCH RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186085 | ||
| 1755-07-29T15:00 | 48.12 | -45.25 | 249 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N85W | 548 | S89W | 90.00 | -21 | SW, W | FRESH GALES THE FIRST PART, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER FOGGY | MUCH RAIN THE FIRST PART, MIDDLE AND LATTER SOME RAIN | HAZY THE FIRST PART | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186086 |
| 1755-07-30T15:00 | 47.30 | -45.98 | 233 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N85W | 557 | S32W | 57.00 | -15 | W, WSW | MODERATE THESE 24 HOURS | HAZY THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186087 | ||
| 1755-07-31T15:00 | 47.42 | -47.13 | 154 | 1.0 | LIZARD | N85W | 573 | N81W | 46.00 | -15 | SWBS, SSW, S, SBE | THE FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS OF WIND INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186088 | ||
| 1755-08-01T15:00 | 47.67 | -49.13 | 227 | 1.0 | LIZARD | N84E | 608 | N79W | 87.00 | -21 | SW, WBS, WNW, W, WSW | MODERATE, LIGHT AIRS OF WIND | FAIR AND CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186089 | ||
| 1755-08-02T15:00 | 47.68 | -50.40 | 339 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N85E | 618 | WEST | 50.00 | -21 | SSW, N | FRESH GALES, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186090 | ||
| 1755-08-03T00:00 | 203 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | SWBW | 4 | SW, SSW | MODERATE THESE 24 HOURS | FAIR THIS 24 HOURS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 186091 |